量子纠缠与超光速量子通信

量子通信是经典通信和量子力学相结合的一门新兴交叉学科.在介绍量子纠缠特性的基础上,对量子隐形传态进行了探讨,提出了超光速量子通信的途径.     

量子纠缠及其在量子通信中的应用

给出了量子纠缠态的概念,分析了量子隐形传态的原理,给出了粒子隐形传态的试验方案。     

同频率纠缠双光子态的量子相干特性

基于量子相干原理,分析了脉冲激光泵浦的第二类型自发参量下转换产生的同频率纠缠双光子态.研究了同频率纠缠双光子的量子相干性质,并与由脉冲激光所产生的不同频率纠缠双光子的量子相干性质做了对比.结果表明,随着激光脉冲宽度的增加,不同频率纠缠双光子态的相位匹配函数的不对称性增加,纠缠光子对的相干性减小,同频率纠缠双光子态的相位匹配函数仍保持对称,纠缠光子对的相干性达到最大.     

纠缠判据对分析量子保密通信安全性的作用

研究何广强等人定义的参数F对分析量子保密通信安全性的作用。结果表明,参数能够用来描述两模纠缠系统的纠缠度量,可以用来作为纠缠判据。     

基于非最大纠缠态的双向量子通信协议

对基于非最大纠缠态的量子密码协议进行了研究,并提出了新的看法。协议中的双向传输方式与量子超密度编码相似,可以通过发送量子比特对中的一个粒子来传送一个两比特的密钥。协议的安全性是基于量子力学中非最大纠缠态之间不可能通过本地幺正变换而相互转化的。偷听者Eve可能确定传输的量子态并窃取密钥,但无法重新发送此量子态,合法的通信双方将侦探到偷听者的存在。此种协议也适用于量子安全直接通信。     

量子交换机与结合量子通信与经典通信的新模式

在引入量子交换机概念的基础上,提出了经典通信向量子通信过渡时期的一种新的通信模式.利用纠缠交换通过量子交换机来建立量子信道,使得通信方避免了复杂的量子技术.使用经典通信信道来传输无直接关联的信息随机数序列,保证了通信的大容量和高效性.     

量子纠缠的单配性

与宏观物理世界不同,量子世界粒子之间的关联性作为物理资源其关联的强弱不可以任意分配。比如3量子比特A、B、C,若A与B处于极大纠缠态,则A与C之间不再有纠缠,把这一性质称为单配性。这一性质也是量子信息能够实现安全保密通信的原因之一。自2000年Coffman、Kundu和Wootters(CKW)首次给出纠缠单配性的数学定义以来,学者对这一性质进行了大量研究。基于此,该文系统地对目前研究结果进行梳理,主要对2018年给出的纠缠单配性新定义以及2019年基于新定义所得到的结论进行总结,并对量子关联度量多配性新定义及基于新定义得到的辅助纠缠的多配性讨论进行总结。结果表明,新定义对于研究单配性和多配性关系更加便捷,单配性关系取决于约化函数是否为严格凹函数,而辅助纠缠都满足多配性关系。研究结果为今后研究量子关联提供了新思路。     

量子纠缠和量子操作

对量子纠缠和量子操作作了介绍, 考察了两比特量子纠缠态和量子操作的应用及它们之间的关系. 具体包括: 用非最大纠缠纯态来实现任意量子态的确定性远程制备; 用纠缠态来实现用于分布式量子计算的非定域门操作; 讨论了量子操作的纠缠能力; 讨论了两量子比特门的构造. 这些结果有助于理解量子纠缠和量子操作这些量子信息处理中的资源.     

量子纠缠和量子操作

对量子纠缠和量子操作作了介绍, 考察了两比特量子纠缠态和量子操作的应用及它们之间的关系. 具体包括: 用非最大纠缠纯态来实现任意量子态的确定性远程制备; 用纠缠态来实现用于分布式量子计算的非定域门操作; 讨论了量子操作的纠缠能力; 讨论了两量子比特门的构造. 这些结果有助于理解量子纠缠和量子操作这些量子信息处理中的资源.     

用多个光子晶体实现量子纠缠态的稳定性

量子纠缠态的纠缠度随传播距离增加或外界干扰而变小,  在光与环境相互作用的退相干效应下,  可使纠缠度降低或不再纠缠.  基于此, 设计一组一维光子晶体, 当两光子或三光子的纠缠光通过该组光子晶体, 且叠加参数c1=0.03~0.98时, 纠缠度E=0.8~1, 从而使量子纠缠态可远距离传输, 更好地实现量子通信.     

An error-free protocol for quantum entanglement distribution in long-distance quantum communication

Quantum entanglement distribution is an essential part of quantum communication and computation protocols. Here, linear optic elements are employed for the distribution of quantum entanglement over a long distance. Polarization beam splitters and wave plates are used to realize an error-free protocol for broadcasting quantum entanglement in optical quantum communication. This protocol can determine the maximum distance of quantum communication without decoherence. Error detection and error correc-tion are performed in the proposed scheme. In other words, if there is a bit flip along the quantum channel, the end stations (Alice and Bob) can detect this state change and obtain the correct state (entangled photon) at another port. Existing general error detec-tion protocols are based on the quantum controlled-NOT (CNOT) or similar quantum logic operations, which are very difficult to implement experimentally. Here we present a feasible scheme for the implementation of entanglement distribution based on a linear optics element that does not need a quantum CNOT gate.     

量子保密通信中光纤光栅的波长稳定性研究

为了改善量子保密通信设备中所用光纤布拉格光栅的长期波长稳定性,从工艺角度提出了采用特殊光纤涂覆层材料对常规的光纤光栅加以改进,并制作了基于新工艺的双金属温度补偿光纤光栅样品.理论研究了温度和应力等因素对光纤光栅中心波长的影响,分析了光纤光栅温度补偿的原理和方法.通过高温加速老化的方法,监测了所制作的新工艺光纤光栅样品在...     

在分子自旋量子系统中的可控多体纠缠态

在由N＋1个相互作用的反铁磁分子环构成的量子自旋系统中,可以调控1种多体纠缠态。N个周边分子环的电子自旋和1个中心分子环的电子存在相互交换,从而在分子间形成可调的相互作用。通过整个系统的有效自旋哈密顿量解析得出系统的量子动力学行为。研究发现在量子涨落的条件下,1种高精度的形纠缠态可以被制备出来。通过控制分子间的相互作用,这种多体纠缠态也可以从一些分子环传输到其他分子环上。     

Experimental test of quantum nonlocality in three-photon Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger entanglement

Bell's theorem states that certain statistical correlations predicted by quantum physics for measurements on two-particle systems cannot be understood within a realistic picture based on local properties of each individual particle-even if the two particles are separated by large distances. Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen first recognized the fundamental significance of these quantum correlations (termed 'entanglement' by Schrodinger) and the two-particle quantum predictions have found ever-increasing experimental support. A more striking conflict between quantum mechanical and local realistic predictions (for perfect correlations) has been discovered; but experimental verification has been difficult, as it requires entanglement between at least three particles. Here we report experimental confirmation of this conflict, using our recently developed method to observe three-photon entanglement, or 'Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger' (GHZ) states. The results of three specific experiments, involving measurements of polarization correlations between three photons, lead to predictions for a fourth experiment; quantum physical predictions are mutually contradictory with expectations based on local realism. We find the results of the fourth experiment to be in agreement with the quantum prediction and in striking conflict with local realism.     

Recent development in quantum communication

In this review article,we will review the recent process of quantum communications.In the past decades,there are many developments in quantum communication,for instance,quantum key distribution,quantum teleportation,quantum secure direct communication,deterministic secure quantum communication,quantum secret sharing and so on.And we focus our attention on the recent developments in quantum communication protocols.     

Review on the study of entanglement in quantum computation speedup

The role the quantum entanglement plays in quantum computation speedup has been widely disputed. Some believe that quantum computation's speedup over classical computation is impossible if entan-glement is absent,while others claim that the presence of entanglement is not a necessary condition for some quantum algorithms. This paper discusses this problem systematically. Simulating quantum computation with classical resources is analyzed and entanglement in known algorithms is reviewed. It is concluded that the presence of entanglement is a necessary but not sufficient condition in the pure state or pseudo-pure state quantum computation speedup. The case with the mixed state remains open. Further work on quantum computation will benefit from the presented results.     

An entanglement criterion for states in infinite-dimensional multipartite quantum systems

In(Phys Lett A,2002,297:4-8) an entanglement criterion for finite-dimensional bipartite systems is proposed:If ρ AB is a separable state,then Tr(ρA2) Tr(ρ2) and Tr(ρB2) Tr(ρ2).In the present paper this criterion is extended to infinite-dimensional bipartite and multipartite systems.The reduction criterion presented in(Phys Rev A,1999,59:4206-4216) is also generalized to infinitedimensional case.Then it is shown that the former criterion is weaker than the later one.     

从“sort of blue”谈语言交际中的模糊现象

语言的模糊现象是由模糊词或模糊词组引起的 ,表示概念的内涵外延难以明确或精确。在英汉两种语言交际中 ,语言的模糊现象有其客观性、民族性和相对性 ,在传递信息上有着独特的功效     

大气传输对量子纠缠时钟同步测量精度影响分析

采用量子纠缠进行时钟同步的测量精度在理想信道传输中可以达到飞秒级;但纠缠光子在非理想信道(大气层)传输中将产生传输时延。分析了因大气吸收效应和散射效应产生的衰减和散射效应引起的时延,重点分析了两者对于量子时钟同步测量结果的影响。仿真表明,经过大气传输后量子时钟同步测量精度为0.01 ns,传输经验模型造成误差为1 ns。