豌豆小叶突变体基因(af)的定位

以半无叶类型、普通类型豌豆为试验材料,对小叶突变体基因位置与子叶颜色基因、初花节位基因的遗传距离进行了研究。结果表明:小叶突变体性状是受单基因控制的,呈完全隐性,小叶突变体基因af、子叶颜色基因i、初花前节位lf表现连锁遗传,且位于第一染色体,测得小叶突变体基因af和子叶颜色基因i之间的遗传距离为6.71个遗传单位,小叶突变体af基因和初花节位基因lf的遗传距离为37.73个遗传单位,三对基因之间的顺序为lf,af,i。     

蚕豆重要数量性状的遗传模型分析

为研究蚕豆重要数量性状的最适遗传模型及遗传规律,以云122和TF42为亲本构建F_2遗传群体,利用植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型对F_2代的株高、荚数、粒数、初荚节、茎粗、分枝数等6个数量性状进行分析。结果表明:株高符合Model B-6遗传模型,为两对主基因控制的等显性遗传,主基因遗传率为44.52%。荚数、粒数、初荚节3个性状均符合Model A-1遗传模型,为1对主基因控制的加性—显性遗传,主基因遗传率分别为48.53%、38.93%、70.56%,其中,初荚节表现出较高的遗传率。茎粗和分枝数未检测到主效基因,为微效多基因遗传。本研究结果有助于了解蚕豆主要数量性状的遗传效应及其显隐性关系,对进一步控制相关性状的基因进行挖掘、定位。     

籼粳交稻米蛋白质含量的遗传动态分析

用胚乳性状遗传模型和条件遗传效应的分析方法，对籼粳交组合在不同发育阶段的蛋白质含量进行了遗传研究，结果表明：蛋白质的遗传表达受到了胚乳核基因、母体植株核基因和细胞质效应制约，但各种遗传控制体系基因效应的大小因发育的时间而有所不同。     

外源基因1Dx5在转基因小麦后代中的表达

采用PCR和SDS-PAGE技术,分析研究了转基因小麦后代外源品质基因1Dx5的遗传分离及表达规律,结果显示:转基因小麦后代的遗传分离完全符合孟得尔遗传分离规律,转基因植株都达到了纯合状态,1Dx5基因在转基因植株中已经稳定整合并稳定遗传,并发现了超表达的差异表达现象,在转基因植株中没有发现基因沉默现象.     

转几丁质酶基因烟草后代的遗传分析

本论文采用分子检测(PCR扩增、PCR-Southern杂交)与表型检测(接真菌实验、酶活力测定)相结合的手段，对花粉管通道法及载体法导入几丁质酶基因烟草后代的遗传表现进行研究。结果证明通过不同方法导入受体细胞基因组中的外源基因均能遗传给后代，并能在转化受体当代及后代中高效表达。但采用花粉管通道法导入的外源基因虽然能够遗传给后代，但分离比复杂，遗传规律性较差。而载体法导入的外源基因T1代x^2检测符合3：1的遗传分离比，遗传稳定性要好于DNA直接导入。因此，建立良好的遗传转化系统是外源基因稳定遗传和表达的前提。     

草地藏系绵羊中性基因TF和HP遗传共适应性研究

对若尔盖县草地藏系绵羊选育基础群的中性结构基因TF、HP进行遗传共适应及草地藏系绵羊遗传平衡性进行研究.结果表明:草地藏系绵羊中性结构基因TF、HP的基因及遗传共适应性均处于遗传平衡状态.     

环境细菌遗传多样性分析的基因标签串测序法

把研究真核细胞表达基因种类和水平的基因标签串测序法引入环境细菌遗传多样性分析,选择细菌６Ｓ核糖体ＲＮＡ基因（ｒＤＮＡ）内０２６碱基对高变异区段为该基因变异类型的标签,连接成标答中并测序,用标签类型、频率和２多样性指数等参数在分子水平上分析环境细菌遗传多样性,建立了环境细菌遗传多样性分析的基因标签串测序法,该方法在分析环境隐含遗传多样性、提示污染生物学效应和评价环境质量等方面有的应用价值。因使用共同     

一阶马尔可夫链在基因遗传中的应用

在临床上,一个家系中如果同时存在两种单基因病,而控制这两种单基因病的致病基因位于不同的染色体,即非同源染色体上,其遗传方式符合自由组合定律制。根据基因在遗传时趋于稳态的情况,运用马尔可夫模型对非同源染色体体上的基因类型进行分析,并为控制常染色体遗传病提供预测。     

鱼类MHC基因的研究进展

MHC是高度多态的基因群,广泛分布于各种脊椎动物体内,其除了具有免疫功能外,还在其它许多方面起作用.由于MHC基因的多态性,使其在脊椎动物的遗传、进化、行为、保护及生态等许多方面的研究倍受关注.综述了自鱼类MHC基因的研究起步以来,国内外有关该基因的研究报道,包括其结构、功能和遗传特性等,并对其在鱼类种群遗传学及遗传育种中的应用前景做了展望.     

多基因遗传病遗传度的计算机算法研究及疑难家系发病机率的实时咨询

本文讨论了应用电子计算机研究多基因遗传病遗传规律中的二个重要课题——遗传度算法及疑难家系发病机率的实时咨询。首先,对多基因遗传病遗传度的算法模型,各级亲属遗传度计算中的误差估计进行了分析。阐述了利用计算机作遗传度计算及求加权平均值的方法。并列出了计算机程序流程及计算结果。其次,介绍实现疑难家系情况下的多基因病发病机率的实时咨询方法。     

内蒙古3个绒山羊品种RAPD的初步研究

利用随机扩增多态DNA（RAPD）技术,研究了内蒙古地区3个绒山羊品种的DNA多态性,由此推导它们之间的遗传距离和系统发育关系。在所使用的12种随机引物中,有8种随机引物扩增出多态谱带,共检测到32个RAPD标记,其中有21个发生变异。用Nei的片段公享度公式计算了品种间的遗传距离,用UPGMA聚类法构建了系统发育树。结果表明：内蒙古白绒山羊的3个类群彼此亲缘关系较近,分化不明显;内蒙古白绒山羊与罕山白绒山羊聚为一个大类,辽宁绒山羊和乌珠穆沁白绒山羊聚为一个大类,说明内蒙古白绒山羊与罕山白绒山羊有较近的亲缘关系,乌珠穆沁白绒山羊与辽宁绒山羊的亲缘关系较近。     

何首乌野生种质资源的RAPD指纹图谱构建

采用RAPD分子标记技术对广西何首乌野生种质资源进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明:40对随机引物用于PCR扩增,共得到295条扩增DNA片段,175个多态性片段,多态性达到59.3%,其中田林种源与西林种源之间的遗传变异最小,西林种源和灌阳种源之间遗传变异最大;根据RAPD标记划分10个何首乌野生种源得到5个品种群,这5个类型与地理分布有一定关系,地理位置较近的材料能聚在一起。分子标记可用于何首乌种质资源的分类、真伪鉴定及良种选育。     

随机扩增多态DNA在果树上的应用(综述)

综述了RAPD及其在构建果树遗传连锁图谱、目的性状基因标记、遗传关系鉴定及种属鉴定等方面的作用。     

RAPD技术及其在食（药）用菌研究中的应用

介绍了RAPD分子标记技术的原理 ,主要技术流程和优缺点 ,及其在食 (药 )用菌中的应用进展 ,分析了RAPD技术在食 (药 )用菌品种间的鉴定与分析、遗传育种、遗传多样性和系统发育学及其稀有药用真菌鉴定等研究中的应用概况。认为RAPD技术确实是DNA分子水平上研究食 (药 )用菌一种简便、高效的分析手段 ,将会有广泛的应用     

林木RAPD标记技术研究进展

综述了RAPD该标记在国内外林木遗传图谱构建、群体遗传多样性分析、系统进化研究、品种分类鉴定、DNA指纹分析和性状遗传品质改良等方面的研究进展和发展趋势, 指出随着理论和实验技术研究的不断深入, 分子标记技术将使林业生产迈上新的台阶.     

Genetic relationships among Chinese and American isolates of Phytophthora sojae assessed by RAPD markers

The genetic diversity of three geographic populations of Phytophthora sojae from China and the United States was determined using random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD）. The purpose was to explore genetic relationships among Chinese and American isolates of the organism. 21 random primers were selected among 200 random primers screened. A total of 223 reproducible RAPD fragments were scored among 111 individuals, of which 199 （89.23%） were polymorphic. Analysis of genetic variation showed that there existed higher genetic variation in the United States population in comparison to the Chinese populations. Nei＇s genetic identity and principal component analysis indicated that the populations of Fujian and United States are closer to each other than to Heilongjiang populations. Shannon-Wiener diversity index revealed that the United States populations have a higher genetic di- versity than that of Chinese populations. These data are in support of the hypothesis that P. sojae in the United States might not have been introduced from China.     

洞庭青鲫和彭泽鲫DNA提取及其RAPD分析

DNA样品检测结果表明:彭泽鲫基因组DNA的平均产率为735,洞庭青鲫基因组DNA的平均产率为447.1;从80个随机引物中筛选出5个引物对彭泽鲫和洞庭青鲫两个群体进行了RAPD分析.结果发现彭泽鲫群体多态位百分率为57.5%,群体内遗传相似度和遗传距离分别为0.850和0.150;洞庭青鲫群体多态位点百分率为56.65%,遗传相似度和遗传距离分别为0.927和0.073;两群体间相似率和遗传距离分别为0.811和0.189.这表明洞庭青鲫群体具有较低的遗传多样性,彭泽鲫群体内的遗传多样性相对较高,但洞庭青鲫与彭泽鲫两群体间存在遗传差异.     

Phenotypic and genetic variation between two populations of the Chinese yellow pond turtle, Mauremys mutica （Cantor, 1842）

Mauremys mutica (Cantor, 1842) is an endangered species in China. Main phenotypic variations in body color, body weight, body shape, clutch size, egg size, and hatchling size were revealed between the southern and northern populations. Both populations have the phenomenon of "larger male" sexual size dimorphism (SSD), especially in the southern population. Furthermore, genetic variations between the two populations were analyzed by RAPD band patterns of 30 random individuals in each population. The average genetic distance was 0.299±0.108 among the samples of two populations. The average genetic distance between southern and northern populations was 0.305±0.046. Cluster analysis indicated that all the individuals from the southern and northern populations were clustered among themselves to form two distinct clades. A total of 20 population-specific RAPD fragments were scored from 16 primers, and could be used as RAPD markers for distinguishing the southern and the northern population. Based on the nucleotide sequences of two RAPD markers, two pairs of SCAR primers (SC1-S and SC2-S) were designed, which could be used as SCAR markers for the southern population. According to the significant phenotypic and genetic variations, we suggested that the northern population and southern population might be considered as two separate taxa, the "northern taxon" and the "southern taxon", and the conservation should be respectively conducted on the two taxa.     

RAPD analysis of genetic variability among Stylosanthes guianenesis accessions of resistant and susceptible to the stylo anthracnose

Stylosanthes guianenesis Sw. is an important tropical forage legume grown and utilized in the tropics and the subtropics of South China. Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc., is a major constraint to the extensive use of Stylosanthes. Forty-five accessions of S. guianensis were assessed with RAPD for genetic diversity and for resistance to anthracnose. RAPD analysis was performed using twenty primers screened from 200 arbitrary oligonucleotides, and a 71.5% level of polymorphism was found. The dendrogram obtained with unweighted pair group method of averages (UPGMA) based on the RAPD data showed genetic similarity from 50% to 94% among all stylo accessions, and fourteen clusters were defined at 66.5% genetic similarity. Two strains of C. gloeosporioides from stylo in China were used for anthracnose resistance screening. All plant accessions showed variation in the reaction to two strains and the correlation of resistance had a value of 0.904. Multiple correspondence analysis displayed a random distribution of the resistance or susceptibility response with respect to the genetic diversity measured by RAPD analysis except one group. Mean distance was also calculated to determine the diversity within clusters. From our results, the RAPD analysis is an effective and efficient technique of providing quantitative estimates of genetic similarity among stylo accessions.     

RAPD分子标记与群体遗传多态性分析

综述了ＲＡＰＤ分子标记技术的基本原理和基本方法,并介绍了该技术在群体遗传多态性研究中的应用及分子数量分析方法。