公路建设项目效用评价体系与方法

针对目前中国公路建设项目评价内容和方法的局限性，依据效用理论，建立了公路建设项目总效用评价指标体系，对社会评价和环境评价内容进行了补充和完善。采用层次分析法确定各评价指标的权重，通过建立效用函数确定各评价指标的效用值，最后通过总效用函数模型求得公路建设项目总效用值。对青岛-银川高速公路（河北段）的实证研究结果表明，这种定量化的评价方法加强了公路建设项目之间的可比性，在公路建设项目方案选择、项目序列遴选、路间规划等方面具有很好的适用性。     

利用“二次分布法”建立县乡公路网络规划OD交通流矩阵研究

本文立足于县乡公路网络规划的实际,提出了用二次分布法建立基础资料缺乏地区县乡公路规划OD流矩阵的思路,介绍了其重要内容和计算步骤,为县乡公路规划开辟了一条科学、合理的规划途径。     

公路交通流车速-流量实用关系模型

针对常用的公路交通流车速-流量关系模型不能进行交通流超饱和状态下交通分析的不足，本文首先应用大量的交通观测数据建立了各级公路车速-流量关系理论模型，通过对公路高峰小时超饱和状态下交通流消散过程的机理分析，研究了各级公路在不同交通负荷条件下的车速-流量关系通用模型的结构，并通过与大量观测数据的拟合，建立了各级公路在任何交通负荷条件下的车速-流量关系通用模型的函数表达式，提出了各级公路在不同设计车速下的实用模型参数．该模型成功地解决了高峰小时超饱和状态下的交通流速度预测问题，为公路网络规划类、终济分析类项目的开展提供了理论基础．     

考虑建设时序和动态需求的城际公路充电设施优化布局

该文围绕城市群内或城际间公路网络充电设施布局规划问题，提出一个考虑动态充电需求和建设时序的双层优化模型。首先，下层模型基于动态交通流分配模型，在多用户行驶及充电行为仿真的基础上得到均衡状态下的充电需求时空分布；其次，上层模型以投资运营商的总成本最小为目标，考虑建设时序和服务水平的约束，对充电设施位置及容量进行优化；最后，选取山东半岛城市群中济南与青岛的城际公路网络作为研究实例。结果表明：所设计的模型通过对用户充电偏好、路网交通状态和设施工况之间的信息进行动态交互，能够有效估计充电系统的动态服务水平，进而获得满意的公路网充电设施布局方案。此外，分别从正向和逆向建设时序对布局优化方案进行讨论，结果表明：在同一服务水平约束下，长期的网络布局应考虑城市群内的未来年能耗需求，宜采用逆向建设时序进行合理规划。     

局域网设计

概述了一般网络设计需考虑的因素， 包括网络布线、网络应用、操作系统及服务器选择、拓扑结构及运行速率规划、数据安全等内容， 并就网络设计需注意的问题进行了介绍     

区域公路交通网络演变的理论与方法应用研究——以郑州市高速公路网络演变为例

区域公路网络的演变是区域公路交通网络规划和布局的基础.本文以郑州市的高速公路网络为研究对象,探讨了区域公路网络的合理规模和区域公路网络成长的规律,并提出了郑州市高速公路网在地域形态上的变化规律呈现出由孤立径道网络—树状网络—格状网络—格状 放射网络的从低级到高级的演化过程.     

经济圈客运交通方式分担与交通分配组合模型

为优化经济圈内客运多方式交通网络结构,建立了交通方式分担与交通分配组合模型,研究经济圈内多方式交通网络均衡时乘客的交通方式选择问题.考虑出行时间、出行费用、舒适度等影响乘客出行方式选择的因素,分析了铁路和公路2种存在主要竞争关系的出行方式的广义出行费用.结合我国经济圈内城际客运出行特征,给出了经济圈内多方式交通网络均衡条件,构建了与该均衡条件等价的变分不等式模型,设计了求解该模型的精简对角化算法.最后结合长江三角洲经济圈,应用该模型预测乘客选择铁路和公路出行方式的比例.结果表明,模型和求解算法有效,能够从用户最优的角度为合理配置经济圈内多种交通方式提供量化依据.     

多模式城市交通网络容量模型及实例研究

网络容量是衡量交通运输系统性能的一项重要指标,用于量化交通网络可以承载的最大出行需求。针对多模式城市交通运输系统提出一种用于评价网络容量的方式划分与交通分配组合(combined mode split and traffic assignment, CMSTA)的模型。该模型考虑了出行者的路径选择和模式选择,并考虑了不同交通工具之间的相互影响以及路径重叠问题。通过实例分析,验证了模型的有效性,并演示了交通规划管理方案实施对多模式交通运输网络容量的影响。研究结果表明：交通网络容量的下降表现为网络利用率的降低;增加新模式一般可以提高网络容量;鼓励公共交通与新建轨道交通将有助于提升城市综合交通网络的容量。     

基于改进BP神经网络的公路旅游客流量预测

针对如何精确预测公路旅游客流量这一问题,论述了公路旅游客流量研究背景,对包括神经网络模型在内的几类模型进行了分析,说明神经网络预测模型运用在公路旅游客流量预测中的优势.以实证分析为背景,论述了改进BP神经网络在公路旅游客流量预测中的应用,并深入研究了实际运用中输入/输出向量的选择、数据预处理方法、隐层神经元数目选择、训练函数选择等实际问题,对预测结果和实际值进行了比较和分析论述,得到一个适合的BP网络.最后对几种预测方法的预测结果进行比较,说明了BP神经网络在公路旅游客流量预测的合理性与可行性.     

两个电力规划运行模型及其应用

本文提出了两种在电力规划中应用的运行模型，可为规划中设定的发展方案选择最优运行方式。该模型采用混合规划方法进行优化，适用于我国电力系统具体情况，经过生产试用，得到满意结果。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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