空间材料科学专题·编者按

空间材料科学是在微重力、空间辐射和高真空等空间环境条件下,研究材料的结构、性能变化和制备过程的规律,以及材料物理、化学性能变化和使役行为的学科.她既是基于空间技术发展也是基于空间技术发展需求而诞生的材料科学的一个新分支,集材料科学、凝聚态物理、物理化学、流体物理学、工程热物理学、空间环境和空间技术等多领域分支学科的交叉.     

试论材料科学与工程的内涵与研究方法

文章介绍了材料科学和工程的形成与发展；分析了对材料科学与工程的科学内涵认识的发展进程，指出材料研究正在逐渐由经验积累型转向科学设计型；简要地讨论了材料科学与工程的研究方法，强调了材料科学家所具备的知识与技能的特点；最后叙述了科学在材料科学中的重要地位。     

材料科学的一个新生长点——生态材料学

针对材料产业的现状和发展趋势,提出了生态材料学的概念,即生态材料学的关于材料及材料循环过程与生态环境相互作用的科学,其目的在于使材料在满足所需性能的前提下,具有优良的生态环境协调性。分析了生态材料学的基本思想和主要研究内容,给出了环境负荷表达式和材料科学与工程的新判据。以铝合金熔体纯净化生态处理工艺为例,指出了材料科学与工程的发展方向。     

计算机研究材料科学的理论与实践

材料科学既是计算机应用的一个重要领域，也是计算机发展的工业基础学科，结合计算机在材料科学领域的应用，比较了从微观结构到物理性质、从数值分析到工艺过程模拟、从传统计算到智能处理等方面的计算机实验方法，探讨了计算机研究材料科学的理论和实践的发展趋势。     

凝固科学技术与材料

从凝固科学与实践发展的角度介绍了当前凝固材料体系的基本框架和凝固科学主要发展阶段的基本理论。作为材料科学与工程的基本组成，凝固科学技术正在现代科学理论的基础上针对传统材料的改性提高和新材料的发展需求，以控形、控构、控性为目标开展优质铸件的定向、晶体生长、快凝、深过冷及各种新型和超常领域凝固过程的研究，并介绍了其中某些方面和展望了可能的发展趋势。     

试论矿物材料科学及其建设

矿物材料科学是一门边缘学科。本文阐述了矿物材料、矿物材料科学的内涵,论述了矿物材料科学的任务及研究内容,讨论了矿物材料科学技术人才培养的要求和模式。     

“材料科学基础”实验教学改革探讨

分析了我校材料成型与控制专业"材料科学基础"课程实验教学中存在的问题,对实验内容及实验设备进行了改革。实践证明,实验教学内容的整合,综合性、设计性实验的开设,不仅提高了学生的实验技能以及综合分析问题、发现问题和解决问题的能力,而且使学生的创新实践能力得到全面锻炼。     

材料科学与工程专业水热溶剂热法实验教学探讨

水热溶剂热法是合成材料的重要方法,针对材料科学与工程专业开设水热溶剂热法实验具有重要的意义.文章探讨水热溶剂热法实验开设的必要性、水热溶剂热法的原理和特点、具体的实验教学内容、模式和实验结果.     

自然产物化学

由于化学、生命科学、食品科学和材料科学等的发展，极大地促进了自然产物的研究。本书是关于自然产物研究的专著，反映了该领域研究的主要进展情况及进一步的研究状况。     

微重力科学前沿

微重力科学是空间科学重要的组成部分,其前沿课题在一定程度上反映了人类认识自然的能力以及各国在该领域的研究状态。在微重力这种极端的物理条件下,孕育着物理、化学过程及材料制备中新现象、新规律的发现,以及在更高精度下实现对基本物理规律的检验与验证。本文介绍国内外微重力科学近年最重要的研究进展,并对其进行研判。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with