改良土填筑过渡段基床底层的动力特性分析

通过动三轴试验及拟合参数法获得软岩改良土的动强度,以允许动强度为标准,评判软岩改良土可以作为基床底层以及路堤本体填料.同时,基于D'Alembert原理的能量弱变分和整体Lagrange格式,建立路桥过渡段半空间垂向耦合的动力计算模犁,进一步分析不同列车速度下路桥过渡段的动态响应特征,并通过现场实测数据对比验证模型的正确性.研究结果表明:在列车荷载下,竖向动位移幅值波动范围为0.05-0.35 mm,小于控制值;弹性应变幅值小于3×10~(-5),处于小变形阶段;竖向动应力幅值波动范围为15.5～19.5 kPa,远小于改良土的动强度;采用刚性过渡较合理,掺入5%水泥的改良土可用于其基床底层及路基本体的填筑.     

高速铁路路桥（涵）过渡段设计及施工技术

本文以京沪高速铁路新建工程DK551＋794.1～DK570＋112.1段内路桥（涵）过渡段施工为例,叙述了采用掺3%-5%水的泥级配碎石在过渡段填筑施工步序、质量控制的施工技术。     

浅析路桥过渡段施工技术措施

路桥过渡段结构的重要性使铁路、公路工程施工中广泛得以重视。秦沈线路桥过渡段填料设计采用级配碎石或A、B组粗粒土结合土工材料加固,施工中大多采用级配碎石。笔者通过秦沈线的施工,浅谈路桥过渡段的施工技术措施。     

过渡段刚度变异性对车轨系统动力响应的影响

针对高速铁路路桥过渡段刚度参数的变异性对车辆-轨道-线下基础系统动力响应的影响,运用车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论,并通过修正扣件弹簧的刚度矩阵实现钢轨梁与轨下基础平面模型的垂向传力耦合,同时引入无限单元法消除边界效应,建立高速铁路路桥过渡段车辆-轨道-线下基础系统垂向耦合振动模型;利用该模型,应用基于拉丁超立方抽样的随机有限元法,分析了过渡段路基刚度参数变异性对过渡段车辆-轨道系统动力响应的影响.结果表明,刚度参数的变异性对钢轨垂向动位移的影响大于对轮轨力及车体加速度的影响,且各动力响应主要对倒梯形部分填料的参数变化较为敏感;动力响应数据偏离正态性,在95%的置信水平下,过渡段轮轨力、车体加速度的最大值近似服从韦伯分布,钢轨垂向动位移最大值的数据分布则呈现明显的"高峰厚尾",易出现异常大值,为减小钢轨垂向动位移以及便于管控施工质量,应适当提高过渡段路基刚度;选用钢轨垂向动位移最大值作为过渡段动力设计的安全评价指标,计算显示现行设计模糊失效概率为0.000 45,失效概率较小,动力设计较为可靠.     

高速铁路路桥过渡段动力特性受其刚度变异性影响的随机性分析

针对高速铁路路桥过渡段刚度参数的变异性对车辆轨道线下基础系统动力响应的影响,运用车辆轨道耦合动力学理论,并通过修正扣件弹簧的刚度矩阵实现钢轨梁与轨下基础平面模型的垂向传力耦合,同时引入无限单元法消除边界效应,建立高速铁路路桥过渡段车辆轨道线下基础系统垂向耦合振动模型;利用该模型,应用基于拉丁超立方抽样的随机有限元法,分析了过渡段路基刚度参数变异性对过渡段车辆轨道系统动力响应的影响.结果表明,刚度参数的变异性对钢轨垂向动位移的影响大于对轮轨力及车体加速度的影响,且各动力响应主要对倒梯形部分填料的参数变化较为敏感;动力响应数据偏离正态性,在95%的置信水平下,过渡段轮轨力、车体加速度的最大值近似服从韦伯分布,钢轨垂向动位移最大值的数据分布则呈现明显的“高峰厚尾”,易出现异常大值,为减小钢轨垂向动位移以及便于管控施工质量,应适当提高过渡段路基刚度;选用钢轨垂向动位移最大值作为过渡段动力设计的安全评价指标,计算显示现行设计模糊失效概率为0.000 45,失效概率较小,动力设计较为可靠.     

不对称双势垒结构的共振隧穿现象

在PECVD系统中，用layerbylayer的方法原位制备了a—SiNx／nc—Si／a—SiNx双势垒结构样品。AFM测量结果显示nc—Si晶拉密度约为1．2×10^11cm^-2，通过Raman散射谱计算出薄膜中的平均晶粒尺寸为6nm，nc—Si层的晶化比约46％。在低频时的电容-电压（C—V）测试过程中，观察到了与共振隧穿效应有关的电容峰，由于样品中的nc-Si颗粒尺寸均匀性不高，没有观察到分立的隧穿电容峰结构，只得到扩展的电容峰。     

不同加固方式下的软硬过渡段隧道基底受列车动载影响规律

在高速铁路列车动载作用下,隧道穿越软硬岩过渡段时易使隧道结构发生损害,而对于此类工程的动力研究及相关减隔振措施还鲜有涉及。鉴于此,依托广湛铁路相思山隧道工程实例,采用数值计算方法,对比分析无加固以及不同桩板结构加固下隧道穿越软硬岩过渡段时结构的动力响应特性。研究结果表明：在列车荷载作用下,位于交界面软岩侧隧道结构的加速度、动位移和动应力响应与硬岩侧隧道结构的动力响应差异很大,导致隧道交界面附近过渡效果较差,不利于结构的稳定。经三种不同桩板结构加固后,软岩段的隧道结构的动力响应有所减小,且与硬岩段隧道结构的动力响应更接近,过渡效果十分显著。在对比之下,桩板结构1(即承载板+托板+钻孔桩)的减振作用与过渡效果最佳。     

软土地基过渡段差异沉降控制标准

总结了现有差异沉降控制指标的研究成果,在容许路面纵坡坡差0.4%的基础上,研究过渡段路面纵坡坡差与地基差异沉降的关系,建立了软土地基过渡段差异沉降的计算模型,应用PLAXIS有限元软件进行计算,结合数值计算结果探讨了过渡段差异沉降与过渡段的路堤填筑高度、模量的关系,分析得到不同路堤高度时过渡段的路面纵坡坡差与地基差异沉降的关系式,提出软土地基过渡段的差异沉降控制标准.经与江苏省连盐高速公路过渡段实测沉降资料的对比表明,计算差异沉降控制指标是合理的、可靠的,对高速公路软土地基路段修筑过渡段具有实用价值.     

高速铁路软土地区桩网复合地基沉降规律研究

为分析软土地区的高速铁路路基沉降规律,以某客运专线软土地基处理的工程实例为研究对象,对该段路基填筑过程和工后长期地基沉降观测结果进行分析,认为采用“水泥粉煤灰碎石桩+土工格栅+水泥级配碎石桩”复合地基加固形式的地基处理十分有效,满足客运专线地基沉降要求小于15 mm的要求.根据该工程实例情况,利用有限元分析软件ADINA建立相应的路基计算模型,模拟了桩径和桩间距不同时,路基填筑过程中地基表面的沉降变形规律,基于数值模拟结果建立了路基填筑过程中地基沉降的预测公式.数值模拟结果与现场沉降观测结果具有相同的规律,随着路基填筑高度的增加,地基沉降变大,且呈凹形沉降.研究结果表明,桩径和桩间距与地基沉降关系较大,桩径与地基沉降量成负相关关系,桩间距与地基沉降量正相关.     

变长桩-板结构应用在软土地区路-涵过渡段试验

为探究填筑期变长桩-板结构在深厚软土地区路-涵过渡段的作用机理,于G25德清—G60桐乡高速联络线湖州段设置了试验段,按桩长变化在变长桩-板结构两端及中间设置了3个综合监测断面,在其左右相邻段设置了2个沉降监测断面。针对桩体、板体、土体布置了共计60件静力传感器的高精度监测系统,分析填筑期内变长桩-板结构的桩土相互作用、荷载传递规律,并阐释其不均匀沉降控制机理。研究结果表明:过渡段沉降纵坡比最大值为1.5‰,衔接处的沉降差最大为1.2 mm;板下土体孔隙水压力值在填筑期受到明显扰动,2～3个月后孔隙水压力逐渐消散,趋于初始值;随着上部荷载的增大,管桩承荷增长速率远大于桩间土,待土体固结完成后,桩土应力比趋于稳定,最大值为45.86;板体4个桩中央处弯矩最大,桩-板连接处存在负弯矩;填筑期间土体受到挤压产生的侧向位移较小,最大为4.7 mm。利用变长桩-板结构可以有效解决软土地区路-涵过渡段沉降差异过大的问题,实现由沉降量小的水泥搅拌桩区向沉降量大的管桩区过渡,该研究可为变长桩-板结构在路-涵过渡段的应用和推广提供依据。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with