柑橘类皮渣综合利用研究进展

就柑橘皮渣中有效成分提取以及利用柑橘皮渣进行微生物转化两大方面来利用柑橘皮渣的现状进行了综述,旨在为其深度开发及综合利用提供参考．     

发酵柑橘皮渣饲料的流态化干燥实验

采用流态化干燥方法对发酵柑橘皮渣的干燥进行实验研究,建立一个小型的流化床干燥试验台,分析了各干燥参数如风温、风速、颗粒粒径、床层高度以及初始含湿率对发酵柑橘皮渣干燥特性的影响.实验表明对于经过预处理的发酵柑橘皮渣介质,采用流态化方式可以获得较好的干燥效果;在各干燥参数中,初始含湿率、风温和粒径对发酵柑橘皮渣干燥特性的影响较为显著.根据实验数据建立了干燥特性回归数学模型,可以为实际生产工艺提供依据.     

柑橘皮精油提取分离及成分测定

为提高柑橘原材料利用率以增加其经济效益,以柑橘皮为原料,研究柑橘皮精油的成分,用水蒸气蒸馏法提取柑橘皮中的精油,并利用气质联用仪对提取的精油成分进行测定.结果表明,柑橘皮精油含33种成分,其主要成分为柠檬烯.     

TEMPO氧化-高压均质联用制备柑橘纳米纤维素及其性质表征

以柑橘皮渣为原料,采用2,2, 6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-氧自由基(TEMPO)介导氧化联合高压均质法制备柑橘纳米纤维素,研究次氯酸钠添加量(5、25、50mmol/g)对柑橘纳米纤维素长径比、形貌结构、理化性能等特性的影响。结果表明:随着次氯酸钠质量摩尔浓度的增加,柑橘纳米纤维素的直径和长度都逐渐缩短,并在50mmol/g时长度[(150.57±24.99)nm]与直径[(2.74±0.29)nm]达到最短。扫描电镜与红外光谱分析结果表明:随着氧化剂质量摩尔浓度的升高,柑橘纤维中的木质素、半纤维素被水解,柑橘纤维表面呈现出越来越粗糙的结构。X射线衍射和热重分析显示:氧化均质处理提高了柑橘纳米纤维素的结晶度和耐热性,且纤维素的Ⅰ型晶型未遭到破坏。理化性质分析表明:氧化均质处理可有效提高柑橘纳米纤维素持水力、持油力、胆固醇吸附力和葡萄糖吸附力,并在次氯酸钠质量摩尔浓度为50mmol/g时表现出最强的吸附力。纳米化的柑橘纤维素具有良好的功能特性,研究以期为柑橘皮渣的再利用提供一定的科学依据。     

柑橘皮渣降解菌的筛选及产酶条件优化

柑橘加工产生大量皮渣,严重污染环境,亟须处理．本试验从堆肥中分离得到几株耐高温细菌,以CMC和果胶为唯一碳源,再经刚果红染色法初筛得到菌株L207和L702;以枯草芽孢杆菌 Bacillus subtilis L520为对照,其纤维素酶活性和果胶酶活性显著大于对照菌株（ p＝0.05）,表明L207和L702具有很好的降解柑橘皮渣能力．对菌株L207和L702产酶条件初步研究表明：菌株L207在接种量为4％（V／V ）、pH6于40℃、培养60 h时纤维素酶活性最高,在40℃,pH6、培养48 h时果胶酶活性最高;菌株 L702在接种量为6％（V／V ）,pH6于40℃,培养72 h时纤维素酶活性最高;在40℃,pH6,培养36 h果胶酶活性最高．菌株L207和L702在柑橘皮渣降解处理过程具有潜在的开发价值．     

柑桔皮渣综合利用技术研究进展

阐述了柑桔皮渣在提取香精油、果胶、色素、橙皮苷等有效成份以及发酵作饲料、防霉剂、抗氧化剂等方面的综合开发利用现状,指出其环保化综合开发利用的产业化将是未来的发展方向.     

柑橘属果皮用于废水除臭的研究

对废水原样和柑橘皮原样进行固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱联机分析,测定废水原样有13种气体成分,柚子果皮含有49种气体成分。用不同用量柑橘皮处理废水,处理后的水样经过感官分析,发现结果表明:水样臭味除净,并带有果皮的芳香。再对处理后的水样进行固相微萃取和气-质分析,测得10中气体成分,与原水相比发生很大变化,臭气比例成分减少。对柑橘皮原样和除臭后柑橘皮残渣进行燃烧热测定,发现柑橘果皮燃烧热值有所上升。实验结果表明柑橘皮可以作为良好的除臭剂。     

柑橘皮渣发酵生产柠檬酸工艺参数优化研究

以黑曲霉为菌种,柑橘皮渣为原料进行半固态发酵生产柠檬酸,通过正交法对甘油,甲醇、金属离子、温度和时间等影响因子进行优化,探索黑曲霉的产酸特性和柠檬酸发酵工艺.结果表明,甘油抑制了特异性线粒体酶中的NADP 和异柠糠酸脱氢酶(ICDH),导致顺乌头酸酶平衡,促使构建柠檬酸骨架.甲醇抑制了2-酮戊二酸脱氧酶,从而促进柠檬酸累积.     

Excel规划求解在奶牛生产中的应用

借助Excel2 0 0 0“线性规划求解”功能 ,结合饲料配方设计要求 ,以线性规划求解建立数学模型 ,根据奶牛的饲养标准 ,能快速、简单地求解奶牛饲料配方 ,在最低成本下实现对原料和营养成分的有效调控 .为计算机在奶牛生产中的应用提供了一定的参考价值 .     

奶牛全混合(TMR)日粮饲养技术

奶牛全混合(TM R)日粮是指根据不同奶牛生长发育及泌乳阶段奶牛的营养需求和饲养目的,按照营养调控技术和多饲料搭配原则而设计出的奶牛全价营养日粮配方。按此配方把每天饲喂奶牛的各种饲料(粗饲料、青贮饲料、精饲料和各类特殊饲料及饲料添加剂)通过特定的设备和饲料加工工艺     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has