产类细菌素的乳酸菌的筛选及其抑菌特性研究

从青藏高原传统牦牛酸奶中筛选出一株乳酸菌,排除酸和过氧化氢的干扰后,对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureu)和大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)有明显的抑制作用.经形态学、生理生化特征及16S rDNA序列同源性分析等手段鉴定该菌株为乳明串珠菌(Leuconostoc lactis).用蛋白酶处理该菌株的发酵上清液后, 抑菌活性丧失; 发酵上清液具有较好的热稳定性(经121 ℃处理20 min仍有较强抑菌活性)和pH稳定性 (在pH 3.0～10.0之间保持活性), 因此初步认为该菌株产生的抑菌物质属于类细菌素.研究发现该菌株在培养8 h后出现抑菌活性,在20 h时抑菌活性达到最大并一直到发酵结束.     

酸菜中具有抑菌活性乳酸菌的分离鉴定及其产细菌素特性

目前已有研究陆续从不同的乳酸菌中分离到细菌素,但是这些细菌素存在着抑菌谱窄的问题,寻找广谱抗菌性能的新一代细菌素具有重要的理论价值和应用前景。以市售保质期较长的8种不同品牌的酸菜为材料,将青霉菌作为指示菌,通过抑菌实验筛选出一株能产生抑菌物质的菌株L3,经过生理生化鉴定、16S rDNA测序分析确定该菌株为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum),故命名为植物乳杆菌L₃,NCBI序列号为MT781360。该菌株在MRS培养基中于37℃培养18~24h时产细菌素L3的抑菌活性最强。将该培养上清液采用乙酸乙酯萃取,葡聚糖凝胶柱Sephadex G-50过滤分离纯化,再经Trinice-SDS-PAGE电泳结果显示,细菌素L3的分子质量约为4~5kDa。细菌素L3对蛋白酶敏感,但其活性不受过氧化氢酶的影响,初步结果显示细菌素L3为蛋白质类物质。细菌素L3在60~100℃ 处理20min或121℃处理15min仍具有较高的抑菌活性,pH值2~10范围内有良好的稳定性;对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌以及部分真菌具有抑菌活性。植物乳杆菌L₃分泌的细菌素L3除了具备现有细菌素的稳定性和对革兰氏阳性细菌的杀菌能力以外,还能对革兰氏阴性细菌和真菌起到抑菌效果,这对于易被真菌污染导致腐败的果蔬类产品及乳制品的保藏具有重要意义,希望研究可为具有广谱抗菌性能的天然防腐剂的生产提供新的菌种。     

产碱性冷适蛋白酶菌株Chryseobacterium sp.vv8的鉴定及粗酶性质

为鉴定金黄杆菌属(Chryseobacterium)菌株vv8及分析其胞外蛋白酶的酶学特性,首先,通过分子及生理生化特性对菌株vv8进行鉴定;然后,采用明胶平板筛选法和Lowry法对菌株vv8进行产酶筛选和蛋白酶活性测定;最后,研究pH值、温度、金属离子和抑制剂对该蛋白酶活性的影响.研究结果表明:菌株vv8的16S rDNA与比目鱼黄杆菌(C.scophthalmum)具有98.24%的序列相似性,属于Chryseobacterium属;菌株vv8的最适生长条件是温度为22℃,NaCl质量浓度为0 mg·mL~(-1),pH值为6.0;菌株vv8的胞外蛋白酶在pH值为5.0～10.0,温度为0～90℃范围内均具有酶活性,其最适酶活温度和pH值分别为40℃,8.5;在最适条件下,蛋白酶具有较高的稳定性,在冻干过程中,添加葡萄糖具有明显的酶活保护作用;Fe~(3+),Fe~(2+),Cu~(2+)等金属离子及乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)对酶活性有明显的抑制作用,该酶对洗衣液和尿素具有较好的耐受性.     

地热田碱性蛋白酶菌株的选育与酶性质的研究

从温泉附近土样中成功分离到一株高温碱性蛋白酶产生菌株H-1,经初步鉴定为芽孢杆菌(Bacillus).菌株H-1最佳产酶的发酵时间为67.5h,该酶在30～70℃酶活性随温度升高而增强,70℃酶活性达到最高,在pH7.0～11.0范围内较稳定,从菌株H-1液体发酵液中提取粗酶液,经CMC-I阳离子交换层析和SepHadex G-75凝胶层析,得到单一组分;通过Native-PAGE、SDS-PAGE电泳鉴定,粗酶至少含有3种碱性蛋白酶同工酶;单组分碱性蛋白酶的比活力为3875U,相对分子量约为31KDa.     

发酵大豆中产碱性蛋白酶菌株鉴定及其部分酶学性质研究

从自然发酵的大豆中分离一株产蛋白酶活性较高的菌株BN-2,经16SrRNA基因序列分析初步确定该菌株为Bacillus subtilis subsp.natto BEST195。将该菌株中碱性蛋白酶(Alkaline protease,AP)基因,插入pBE2R中构建成重组表达载体pBE2R-AP,并转染枯草芽孢杆菌WB600进行分泌性表达。以糊精、可溶性淀粉作为碳源,每毫升发酵液中重组蛋白酶比出发菌株中蛋白酶酶活高1.2倍。该酶的最适作用pH为8.0,在pH 8.0缓冲液中保存24h,残余酶活力为94%;酶的最适作用温度为50℃,但在50℃中处理30min时残余酶活性降至51%;Ca2+、Mn2+能有效激活酶活力;洗涤剂组分中1%的TritonX-100、Tween20、Tween80对该酶活性的抑制作用相对较小。     

芽孢杆菌BC98-Ⅰ拮抗蛋白性质及其对黄瓜枯萎病菌的抑菌作用

蜡质芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)BC98-I分离自沤肥浸渍液中,对黄瓜枯萎病等多种蔬菜土传病害有较强烈的拮抗能力.其无细胞发酵液经55%硫酸铵盐析后得到的20mg/ml拮抗蛋白粗提液在平皿上对黄瓜枯萎菌的抑菌圈直径达19.3mm.该拮抗蛋白经100℃处理30min后仍能保持97.7%的抑菌活性;作用活性pH范围宽,在pH 1.0～11.0的条件下均有活性;对胰蛋白酶、蛋白酶K稳定;对氯仿不敏感;对紫外线部分敏感.BC98-I拮抗蛋白粗提物对黄瓜枯萎菌孢子萌发和菌丝生长有强烈的抑制作用,主要表现为孢子萌发产生的芽管较对照短,芽管膨大形成大泡囊;菌丝扭曲,形成不规则泡囊,原生质浓缩;细胞壁溶解,内含物外溢.     

长蛸胃肠道产蛋白酶菌的筛选及粗酶性质研究

通过透明圈法从长蛸胃肠道内筛选出4株产蛋白酶的菌株, L 1、L 2、L 3、L 5, 采用偶氮酪蛋白法测定粗酶液蛋白酶活力, 采用SDS PEAG活性电泳测定粗酶液中具有蛋白水解活性的蛋白酶的种类及分子量. 菌株L 2产蛋白酶比酶活最高, 达到4.80U/μg, 菌株L 1比酶活最低为3.31 U/μg. 菌株L 2粗酶液中含有4种酶活较高的蛋白酶, 分子量分别为105.2、86.9、69.3、37.8kD, 其他3株菌株的粗酶液中各蛋白酶分子量相近. 菌株L 1和L 2蛋白酶最佳反应温度为40℃, 最佳反应pH为8.0; L 3产蛋白酶的最佳反应温度为50℃, 最佳pH为7.0; 菌株L 5产蛋白酶在温度为60℃, pH为8.5时有最大酶活力.     

内生金色链霉菌No.37产抑菌活性物质特性研究

对内生金色链霉菌No.37所产生的抗菌物质的性质进行了研究,结果显示此物质可耐受高温,具有较宽的pH活性范围,同时对光照稳定,耐贮存;在90℃及以下温度处理,抑菌活性基本不变;当温度达到100℃时,处理60min抑菌活性开始降低,处理120min后,活性为对照的76.5%.利用pH纸色谱、捷克八溶剂系统纸色谱等方法初步确认该抗菌物质为一种碱性水溶性抗生素.     

芽孢杆菌BC98-Ι拮抗蛋白性质及其对黄瓜枯萎病菌的抑菌作用

蜡质芽孢杆菌 (Bacilluscereus)BC98 I分离自沤肥浸渍液中 ,对黄瓜枯萎病等多种蔬菜土传病害有较强烈的拮抗能力。其无细胞发酵液经 5 5 %硫酸铵盐析后得到的 2 0mg ml拮抗蛋白粗提液在平皿上对黄瓜枯萎菌的抑菌圈直径达 19 3mm。该拮抗蛋白经 10 0℃处理 30min后仍能保持 97 7%的抑菌活性 ;作用活性pH范围宽 ,在pH 1 0～11 0的条件下均有活性 ;对胰蛋白酶、蛋白酶K稳定 ;对氯仿不敏感 ;对紫外线部分敏感。BC98 I拮抗蛋白粗提物对黄瓜枯萎菌孢子萌发和菌丝生长有强烈的抑制作用 ,主要表现为孢子萌发产生的芽管较对照短 ,芽管膨大形成大泡囊 ;菌丝扭曲 ,形成不规则泡囊 ,原生质浓缩 ;细胞壁溶解 ,内含物外溢。     

无花果蛋白酶凝乳特性的研究

对无花果蛋白酶凝乳特性进行了研究.结果表明,最适凝乳温度为85℃,55℃以下该酶具有较好的稳定性,75℃处理30 m in 活性完全丧失.随着乳的pH 降低,凝乳活性增高,酶在pH 3～8 之间处理5 h 凝乳活性稳定.Ca2 具有明显的促凝乳作用.随着底物浓度的增加,凝乳活性逐渐增高.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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