The influence of maltose and other carbohydrates on the feeding behaviour ofHeteronychus arator (Scarabaeidae: Coleoptera)

Summary Several of 17 carbohydrates stimulated ingestion by black beetle larvae (Heteronychus arator) and of these maltose induced an exceptionally strong response. Only maltose, glucose, fructose and sucrose stimulated feeding by adult beetles.     

Residual influences on fecundity in drosophilid species

Summary A residual influence of males and females on oviposition has been examined in 7 drosophilids. There was evidence for oviposition deterrence inDrosophila funebris, with males as well as females producing the inhibitory effect. In contrast, male residues stimulated oviposition inZaprionus tuberculatus. Male residues also stimulated oviposition and appeared to serve as an aggregation cue inD. melanogaster.     

Some species-specific tumours in Fishes

Zusammenfassung Beschreibung von drei artspezifischen Geschwülsten in Fischen: chromophobes Adenoma der Hypophyse inMollienisia velifera, Melanoma der Augen inAnoptichthys jordani und Melanoma der Haut in Hybriden vonLebistes reticulatus undMolienisia sphenops.     

Change in compatibility after microinjection of cytoplasm in amoebae

Summary A cytoplasmic fraction from D32, a clone of amoebae derived fromAmoeba proteus injected with cytoplasm fromA. discoides, inhibited cell division inA. proteus but not inA. discoides indicating a permanent change with respect to compatibility.     

Multiple phosphoglucomutase alleles in two species ofMansonia mosquito

Summary Multiple phosphoglucomutase (E.C.2.7.5.1) alleles are found in the mosquitoesMansonia crassipes andM. uniformis. The present study reveals 4Pgm alleles, of whichPgm ^B andPgm ^C are common to both species whilePgm ^A is present only inM. crassipes andPgm ^D only inM. uniformis. The frequencies in both species accord well with Hardy-Weinberg expectations. The most frequent allele is that controlling a phenotype with an intermediate electrophoretic mobility, viz.Pgm ^B inM. crassipes andPgm ^C inM. uniformis.This work is supported in part by a University of Malaya research grant to the senior author.     

High molecular transport proteins for JH-III in insect hemolymph

Summary Using two independent techniques, ultracentrifugation in a KBr-gradient, and native pore polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in combination with [³H]-epoxyfarnesyldiazoacetate photoaffinity labeling, we showed that in the hemolymph ofPeriplaneta americana, and probably also inLeptinotarsa decemlineata JH-III binds to the lipophorin, whereas inLocusta migratoria JH-III binds to a different protein.     

Co-enzyme a content in the American cockroach (Periplaneta Americana L.) and the housefly (Musca domestica L.)

Riassunto Gli autori hanno dosato il CoA nei muscoli della coxa diPeriplaneta americana ed inMusca domestica in toto. Vengono messe in evidenza le differenze del contenuto in CoA dei muscoli bianchi e rossi della coxa di blatta. Viene inoltre messo in evidenza l'aumento progressivo del CoA, durante i primi 9 giorni di vita dell'adulto, inM. domestica.     

Insect photoperiodism: various ways of regulating univoltinism in lacewings (Planipennia: Chrysopidae)

Summary Reproduction inTjederina gracilis adults depends on short-day followed by long-day conditions. InNineta pallida, development of overwintering first-instar larvae is retarded by short days; later on, that of second-and third-instar by long days.Nineta flava andChrysopa perla prepupae automatically enter diapause, but inN. flava, photoperiod regulates diapause eermination, and long days may retard egg laying     

An increase in the influx of calcium ions into cilia induces thigmotaxis inParamecium caudatum

To understand the role of calcium ions in thigmotaxis inParamecium caudatum, the effects of caffeine, ruthenium red and lanthanum (LaCl₃) on thigmotaxis were examined. Thigmotaxis in the CNR mutant, which lacks voltage-dependent Ca²⁺-channels in the ciliary membrane, was also examined. Ruthenium red and LaCl₃ suppressed thigmotaxis inP. caudatum, while caffeine enhanced it. The CNR mutant showed hardly any thigmotaxis. It can be thought that an increase in Ca²⁺ influx and the intraciliary concentration of Ca²⁺ ions induces thigmotaxis inParamecium.     

Structural diversity of trypsin from different mosquito species feeding on vertebrate blood

Summary Mosquito trypsin was purified using a combination of ion exchange and affinity chromatography with the ligand soybean trypsin inhibitor. ThreeAedes and threeAnopheles species were tested, all of which are specialized in the digestion of vertebrate blood. Amino-terminal sequences of HPLC-purified trypsins fromAedes aegypti andAnopheles quadrimaculatus revealed homologies of 30–40% with vertebrate and other invertebrate proteases previously identified as serine-proteases. The purified mosquito trypsins have molecular masses between 25 kDa and 36 kDa, as determined by denaturing polyacrylamide electrophoresis, and are heterogeneous in size and number in the various species. The number of SDS-bands varies between 3 and 6 inAedes and between 1 and 3 inAnopheles. The specific activities, determined with the substrate TAME, range from 240 U/mg inAedes aegypti to 1065 U/mg inAnopheles quadrimaculatus. All mosquito trypsins tested have acidic isoelectric points between pH 3.5 and pH 5.4. No alkaline proteases were detected. Polyclonal antisera againstAedes aegypti andAnopheles albimanus trypsin do not cross-react with bovine trypsin. Cross-reactivity of the two sera with trypsin from six mosquito species suggests the presence of at least 2 enzyme families.     

Karyological pattern of two Chilean lizards species of the genusLiolaemus (sauria; iguanidae)

Summary The karyotypes of Chilean lizardsLiolaemus pictusandLiolaemus cyanogaster is described for the first time. Both species possess 34 chromosomes; 6 pairs of macrochromosomes and 11 pairs of microchromosomes. Karyologically it is possible to differenciate this species because the pair No. 2 is metacentric (m) inL. pictusand submetacentric (sm) inL. cyanogaster. It is shortly discussed the signification of formule 2n=34 for the species ofLiolaemus analized karyologically and its possible mechanism of acquisition.     

The carotenoid pigments of six species of adult acanthocephala

Zusammenfassung Die Carotinoide in 6 Spezies erwachsener Acanthocephalen wurden identifiziert. Lutein wurde als einziges Carotinoid inP. galaxis undN. pseudemydis gefunden und als wichtigstes Carotinoid inM. hirudinaceus festgestellt.F. anatis undP. laevis enthielten nur -Carotin, während das veresterte Astexanthin als einziges Pigment inN. ornatus auftrat.

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We thank Dr.M. Hine and Dr.A. Pike for sending us material which was used in this study. Part of the work was carried out in the Dept. of Zoology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst (Mass., USA).     

The origin of the brown frogs with 2n=24 chromosomes

Late replication and C-banding analyses of somatic metaphase chromosomes were attempted on three species of brown frogs with 2n=26 chromosomes (Rana japonica, R. tsushimensis andR. temporaria), and three with 2n=24 chromosomes (R. ornativentris, R. dybowskii andR. chensinensis), which are distributed in the Palearctic region. The late replication banding patterns were highly conserved in these species. Four chromosome inversions were demonstrated inR. ornativentris, two inR. dybowskii and two inR. tsushimensis. From a detailed comparison of late replication and C-banding patterns between the 2n=26 and the 2n=24 species, it was found that an end-to-end fusion of two small chromosomes (nos 11 and 13) in an ancestral 2n=26 species may have produced the medium-sized no. 6 chromosome of the 2n=24 species.     

Untersuchungen über die Wirkung von Kinetin auf Kallus und Tumoren bei Organkulturen vonNicotiana glauca,N. langsdorffii und deren amphidiploiden Bastard

Summary In leaf cultures ofNicotiana glauca, N. langsdorffii, and their amphidiploid hybrid, callus growth or tumor formation is enhanced by kinetin, depending on its concentration. Of the 2 species and their hybrid, maximum response was found in the hybrid, less inN. glauca, the slightest response being found inN. langsdorffii. These facts confirm the earlier finding of a connection between callus-forming potency inN. glauca and tumor formation in its hybrid.

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Den Herren Prof. Dr.G. de Lattin (Zoologisches Institut der Universität des Saarlandes) und Prof. Dr.F. Anders (Genetisches Institut der Justus Liebig-Universität, Giessen) bin ich für die Förderung dieser Arbeit zu grösstem Dank verpflichtet.     

Activation concomitante par l'hétéroauxine de la résorption du corps paranucléaire ribonucléique et de la germination des zygotes chezAllomyces

Summary Heteroauxin (optimal concentration 10^–5) activates the germination of the zygotes and the dissolution of their RNA nuclear cap inAllomyces javanicus.Alkaline phosphatase has been located cytochemically in the cytoplasm surrounding the RNA nuclear cap.These new observations lead the author to postulate a relationship between the stimulating action of heteroauxin, activation of the phosphatases and awakening of the RNA-protein synthesis dynamic system during the germination of the zygotes inAllomyces.     

The morphology of the lateral line system in 3 species of Pacific cottoid fishes occupying disparate habitats

Summary The superficial neuromasts inLeptocottus armatus (Pacific staghorn sculpin) andOligocottus maculosus (tidepool sculpin) are depressed below the rim of an epidermal collar, whereas the superficial neuromasts inPsychrolutes paradoxus (tadpole sculpin) are surrounded by a pair of hillocks. The lateral line canal system appears identical across these species, whereas the system of superficial neuromasts shows some intraspecific variation. The sand-livingLeptocottus has a more highly developed system of superficial neuromasts thanOligocottus, which lives in a rocky habitat. The present results support the correlation between lateral line system morphology and habitat features previously postulated by Dijkgraaf.     

Synchrone Replikation aller Chromosomen beiXenopus laevis

Summary Autoradiographics showed synchronous replication of all chromosomes inXenopus laevis.     

Identification and electroantennographic activity of sex-specific geranyl esters in an abdominal gland of femaleAgriotes obscurus (L.) andA. lineatus (L.) (Coleoptera,Elateridae)

Summary Both geranyl hexanoate and geranyl octanoate were identified by GC/MS as the major volatiles in a hitherto uncharacterized abdominal gland in females inAgriotes obscurus. Only geranyl octanoate was found inA. lineatus. In EAG tests performed onA. obscurus males, geranyl butanoate and geranyl hexanoate elicited the strongest antennal responses.Financial assistance was donated by The Bank of Sweden Tercentenary Foundation and the Axel and Margaret Ax: son Johnson Foundation. We thank B Baur for statistical advice.     

Eiweissvermehrung in ein- und zweikernigen systemen vonAcetabularia

Summary (1) The rate of protein synthesis was found to be different inAcetabularia crenulata andAcetabularia mediterranea the higher cytoplasmic protein synthesis inA. crenulata depending upon the diameter of the stalk.(2) In systems containing one or two nuclei, there was no difference in the rate of cytoplasmic synthesis of proteins. This corresponds to the diminution of size and efficiency of the nuclei in binucleated systems.(3) In interspecific grafts, the rate of cytoplasmic protein synthesis corresponds nearly to the rate of protein synthesis ofAcetabularia crenulata. Corresponding to morphogenetic processes, thecren-action is prevalent.     

Late DNA replication in the sex chromosomes ofDidelphis virginiana

Zusammenfassung Autoradiographisch wurde die späte DNS-Synthese derX- undY-Chromosomen vonDidelphis virginiana (Virginia Opossum) in Knochenmarkzellen untersucht. Die weiblichen Tiere zeigen typische späte Reduplikationsmuster in einemX, die männlichen das späte Reduplikationsmuster inX undY und inY allein.

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This study was supported in part by research grant No. AM-02504 and training grant No. Tl-AM-5277, National Institutes of Health. Dr.Reiss was a predoctoral trainee, National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases, U.S. Public Health Service.