北京市大气PM2.5的季节特征和空间趋势（英文）

近年来,北京地区雾霾污染事件频发,大气PM2.5污染引起国内外强烈关注.利用北京市35个PM2.5监测站自2012年10月开始发布数据至2013年9月的小时观测数据,对其时空变化特征进行了分析.结果表明:(1)35个站点的平均PM32.5浓度为88.6μg/m;(2)PM2.5浓度与风速等气象要素关系密切,低浓度通常出现在大风天或者大风过后的紧邻时段,重污染天通常风速小,相邻天的PM2.5浓度可相差几倍甚至十倍以上;(3)PM2.5浓度随季节变化较大,1月和6月份较高,4月、8月和11月相对较低;(4)PM2.5浓度随站点类型变化明显,交通环境站点的平均浓度高于城市环境评价站点(可超过10%);(5)北部PM2.5浓度低于东部和南部,而与河北交界的南部和西南地区浓度为全区最高;(6)PM2.5浓度由北到南整体上呈线性增加趋势,每向南10 km,PM2.5平均浓度升高4.6μg/m3(R2=0.89),南部PM2.5平均浓度接近北部2倍;(7)PM2.5平均浓度存在一定的局部变化,但相邻站点变化幅度一般在20%以内.     

深圳PM2.5浓度变化趋势及其月尺度预测方法

基于深圳市环境监测站的PM2.5浓度数据以及深圳市国家气候观象台发布的月度气象监测公报,研究了2012年至2019年深圳市PM2.5浓度的变化规律,分析了PM2.5浓度与月尺度气候要素的关系,并利用多元线性回归分析法建立了PM2.5月均浓度的预测模型。结果表明：2012年至2019年深圳PM2.5浓度呈明显下降趋势,PM2.5浓度有季节性特征,干季(1~3月及10~12月)PM2.5浓度比较高,也是PM2.5污染防控的重要时段。月降水日数、月降水量以及月平均温度与PM2.5浓度的负相关较明显,偏北风频率与PM2.5浓度呈显著正相关,可一定程度上帮助预判月均PM2.5浓度。与前人研究结果相反,月平均相对湿度与PM2.5浓度呈显著负相关。包含气象因素项以及PM2.5浓度项的月平均PM2.5浓度预报模型拟合度较高,偏北风频率、月平均相对湿度是对月平均PM2.5浓度影响最大的气象因素。利用深圳市2020年数据对模型进行检验,结果证明方程对于月平均PM2.5浓度的预报有一定适用性,可较好预报PM2.5浓度月增量。     

PM2.5去除装置设计

设计一款PM2.5去除装置.装置的净化原理是水膜水洗和雾化水净化,PM2.5去除率为70%左右,去除效率较高.     

兰州市冬季大气颗粒物的污染特征分析

利用兰州市冬季大气颗粒物Anderson分级采样器和石英分级采样器的资料,采用改进的三次样条插值方法分离出PM2.5,研究兰州市PM2.5PM10的污染水平、PM2.5占PM10和TSP的比例,并比较兰州市PM2.5和PM10在国内的污染水平.结果表明:兰州市冬季PM2.5和PM10的污染严重,PM2.5在大气颗粒物中的质量浓度相对很高,PM2.5的污染和危害值得重视.     

基于深度学习的PM2.5短期预测模型

为了提高PM2.5浓度短期预报的准确率,解决现有PM2.5浓度短期预报准确率不高的问题,提出了一种基于卷积神经网络和长短时记忆的深度学习预报测型.首先,综合考虑气温、相对湿度、降水量、风力、能见度等多种气象要素,综合分析气象要素与PM2.5浓度相关性.其次,利用PM2.5浓度数据、气象站点观测数据和气象要素网格实况分析数据进行融合处理,生成用于训练和测试的时空序列数据,并使用卷积神经网络和长短时记忆网络获取时空特征.通过大量实验确定模型中关键参数,然后利用最优参数建立预测模型.最后,使用模型对PM2.5未来24 h浓度进行预测,并与支持向量机、业务中的预报模型进行对比.实验结果表明,相比其他机器学习方法和预报方法,卷积神经网络和长短时记忆相结合的预测方法能有效提高PM2.5浓度未来24 h预测精度,并具有较高的泛化能力.     

北京市夏季大气不同粒径气溶胶中 碳质及质量重建研究

对北京市城区2012年夏季大气气溶胶进行PM2.5和PM10石英膜采样,利用热光反射法得到了有机碳(OC,organic carbon)和元素碳(EC,elemental carbon)的含量;应用Stelson方法,结合其质量浓度、元素含量可溶性离子含量对气溶胶质量浓度进行了质量重建与比对.日平均质量浓度结果显示,PM2.5中,OC浓度ρ(OC)为19.4μg·m-3,EC浓度ρ(EC)为3.8μg·m-3.PM10中,ρ(OC)为22.3μg·m-3,ρ(EC)为4.1μg·m-3.OC、EC相关性显著(PM2.5,R2=0.77;PM10,R2=0.91).PM10中有87%的OC和94%的EC集中在PM2.5中.PM2.5和PM10中OC/EC比值分别为5.1和5.7,明显大于2,说明存在二次有机碳.PM2.5和PM10重建值和称质量值相关性R2分别为0.95和0.94,重建值和称质量值比值分别为93%和97%.     

郑州市PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)中水溶性无机离子的污染特征

于2009年10月至2010年8月间采集郑州市大气颗粒物PM2.5与PM10样品,对其质量浓度及水溶性离子进行分析研究.结果表明:PM2.5在秋、冬、春、夏四季的质量浓度的平均值分别为134.9、121.6、77.9和102.0μg/m3,PM10在秋、冬、春、夏四季的质量浓度的平均值分别为193.2、184.0、140.9和140.5μg/m3,日均值超标率分别达77.8%和59%.PM2.5和PM10质量浓度呈现很好的相关性,春季粗粒子在PM10中的比例相对较高,而秋、冬和夏季细粒子是PM10的主要组成部分.主要的水溶性离子是SO2-4、NO-3和NH+4,大部分以(NH4)2SO4和NH4NO3形式存在;NO-3和SO2-4质量比小于1,说明采样期间郑州市大气以固定排放源污染为主.     

北京市夏季大气气溶胶 PM2.5和 PM10成分特征?

对北京市城区2012年夏季大气对气溶胶进行每日PM2.5和PM10石英膜采样,得到了可溶性离子质量浓度和16种元素的质量浓度,并结合气象观测值进行了分析.结果显示,采样期间,PM2.5质量浓度为9.58~210.42μg·m-3,平均值102.81μg·m-3;PM10质量浓度为33.75~288.33μg·m-3,平均值159.66μg·m-3.PM2.5和PM10质量浓度都与采样点能见度、风速呈负相关,与相对湿度呈正相关.质子荧光分析(PIXE)结果显示,S、K、Ca和Fe在PIXE可分析元素中含量较高,在PM2.5和PM10都占89%.且元素Ca、Ti、Sc、Cr、Fe主要存在于粗粒子(PM2.5~10)中,而元素S、Cu、Zn、As、Br、Pb主要存在于细粒子(PM2.5)中.富集因子分析表明,元素K、Ca、Ti、V、Mn、Ni主要为地壳来源,元素S、Cl、Cu、Zn、As、Br、Pb主要来自于人为源.SO2-4、NO-3、NH+43种可溶性离子总质量浓度占PM2.5浓度的43.5%,占PM10浓度的25.4%.     

PM2.5对人肝星状细胞增殖、迁移的影响及机制研究

目的:研究大气细颗粒物PM2.5对人肝星状细胞LX-2增殖、迁移的影响,并探讨其活化LX-2的机制.方法:将LX-2细胞随机分为对照组、不同质量浓度PM2.5染毒组(终质量浓度分别为5、10和20 μg/mL)和PM2.5+TGF-β1受体抑制剂SB525334组.用CCK-8法检测细胞的增殖情况,用Transwell...     

郑州市PM2.5和PM10中水溶性无机离子的污染特征

于2009年10月至2010年8月间采集郑州市大气颗粒物PM2.5与PM10样品,对其质量浓度及水溶性离子进行分析研究.结果表明：PM2.5在秋、冬、春、夏四季的质量浓度的平均值分别为134.9、121.6、77.9和102.0μg/m^3,PM10在秋、冬、春、夏四季的质量浓度的平均值分别为193.2、184.0、140.9和140.5μg/m^3,日均值超标率分别达77.8%和59%.PM2.5和PM10质量浓度呈现很好的相关性,春季粗粒子在PM10中的比例相对较高,而秋、冬和夏季细粒子是PM10的主要组成部分.主要的水溶性离子是SO4^2-、NO3^-和NH4^＋,大部分以（NH4）2SO4和NH4NO3形式存在;NO3^-和SO4^2-质量比小于1,说明采样期间郑州市大气以固定排放源污染为主.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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