玉米乳酸奶加工工艺的研究

以鲜奶、玉米为主要原料,以白砂糖和脱脂乳粉为辅料,经巴氏杀菌后加入发酵剂发酵制作玉米乳酸奶。研究中以玉米汁添加量、发酵剂接种量、白砂糖添加量、发酵时间为单因素变量,进行单因素试验确定参数选择范围;再进行正交试验,以感官品质为指标,确定最佳工艺条件。结果表明,当玉米汁添加量为35%、发酵剂接种量为5%、白砂糖添加量为8%、发酵时间为6 h时,制得的玉米乳酸奶口感最佳;与普通酸奶的风味进行对比,玉米乳酸奶具有独特的玉米清香,口感细腻,符合大众口味。     

红芪保健型酸奶的研制及工艺研究

本研究以鲜牛乳和红芪为主要原料,探讨新型红芪保健型酸奶制作的工艺条件。以持水力为考察指标,选取红芪汁添加量、白砂糖添加量、发酵剂接种量和发酵时间作为考察因素,在单因素试验的基础上设计正交试验,优化红芪保健型酸奶制作工艺。结果显示,红芪保健型酸奶最佳工艺参数发酵时间为4.5 h、红芪汁添加量为25%、白砂糖添加量为6%、发酵剂接种量为4.5%。在此条件下制得的红芪保健型酸奶呈乳白色、酸甜可口、凝乳均匀、细腻,具有清淡的红芪味和浓郁的奶香味。     

花生玉米复合保健酸奶工艺优化研究

为了研制营养全面、具有保健作用的新型营养复合保健酸奶,以玉米、花生和牛乳为原料,保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌为发酵剂,采用正交试验设计对花生玉米复合保健酸奶的生产工艺进行了优化;结果表明,花生玉米酸奶的最佳制作工艺条件为玉米浆添加量43％,花生浆添加量19％,接种量15％,发酵温度42℃,发酵时间5h;工艺条件下产品质量最佳、稳定性能最优.     

瓜蒌子山药酸奶的研制

瓜蒌子山药酸奶是以脱脂纯牛奶、瓜蒌子、山药为原料,利用含有保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌混合菌的酸奶发酵剂进行发酵,制成的新型发酵乳.在感官评价基础上,以瓜蒌子和山药质量比、糖添加量、酸奶发酵剂添加量和发酵温度等因素设计单因素和正交试验.研究表明,瓜蒌子山药酸奶最优制作条件为:在50g脱脂纯牛奶中,添加30g质量比为1:7的瓜蒌子与山药混合物,制成匀浆,再添加15g白砂糖、200mg酸奶发酵剂,于40℃下进行发酵8h.该条件下获得的瓜蒌子山药酸奶组织状态最稳定,口感细腻,品质优良,具有瓜蒌子和山药风味,且微生物指标符合国家标准.     

红枣南瓜凝固型酸奶的发酵工艺研究

以红枣、南瓜、纯牛奶为主要原料,研制既营养又保健的红枣南瓜凝固型酸奶。以感官评价为主要考察指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验优化红枣南瓜凝固型酸奶的发酵工艺。确定出红枣南瓜凝固型酸奶的最佳发酵工艺条件为:红枣汁6%、南瓜汁17.5%、木糖醇添加量3%,复合稳定剂添加量0.03%,发酵剂接种量0.1125%、发酵温度42℃、发酵时间8 h。在此条件下,发酵制成的红枣南瓜凝固型酸奶色泽均匀,呈淡黄色,酸甜适口,口感细腻,凝结状态良好,有红枣和南瓜的独特风味。     

凝固型红枣山楂酸奶的研制

以脱脂乳粉为主要原料,辅以红枣,以保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌混合菌作为发酵剂,再以山楂进行调味,生产凝固型红枣山楂酸奶.采用单因素试验和正交试验,通过感官评价,确定凝固型红枣山楂酸奶的最佳工艺条件,研究结果表明:红枣汁添加量24%,蔗糖添加量8%,接种量0.10%,在40℃下发酵6 h后添加山楂汁8%.成品风味独特,酸甜可口,感官评分最高.     

功能性魔芋酸乳制备工艺的优化

研究以魔芋精粉和鲜牛奶为原料制备功能性酸奶的工艺优化,采用磷酸法提纯魔芋精粉并以直投式发酵剂进行发酵。在单因素实验的基础上,通过Box-Benhnken响应面法得出功能性魔芋酸乳制备的最佳工艺条件为：糖添加量6．14％,发酵剂添加量6.71％,魔芋精粉添加量0．43％,发酵时间4h。直投式发酵剂具有类型多、活力强的优点,采用此发酵剂制备魔芋酸乳的过程简单,容易推广。     

凉山野生橄榄发酵酸奶工艺研究

研究凉山野生橄榄发酵酸奶的工艺影响因素及工艺控制条件。通过乳酸菌种扩大培养,对发酵影响因素进行L16(45)发酵工艺条件的研究。研究结果表明凉山野生橄榄发酵酸奶的最佳工艺条件为:橄榄汁添加量4%,糖添加量为6%,乳酸菌接种量4%,发酵温度40℃,发酵时间为4h,即可得到风味独特、组织细腻、酸甜可口的凉山野生橄榄发酵酸奶。     

莲藕汁凝固型酸奶的研制

以莲藕汁和牛奶为主要原料,市售酸奶作发酵剂,制成具有双重营养与保健功能的酸奶．通过正交实验筛选出莲藕凝固型酸奶的最佳工艺参数及配方：莲藕汁／纯牛奶=5：5（V／V）,加含量为5％的蔗糖、0．02％的安赛蜜,加入10％市售酸奶作为发酵剂,在43℃下发酵6h,以此工艺生产出具有莲藕特有风味的酸奶．     

木瓜凝固型酸奶加工工艺的研究

以木瓜、全脂奶粉为原料研制木瓜凝固型酸奶,以单因素和正交实验研究木瓜酸奶的最佳工艺条件。试验结果表明:白砂糖用量为8%,明胶0.2%,羟甲基纤维素钠0.2%,巴氏杀菌后加入发酵剂3%,在恒温42℃条件下发酵6 h左右。然后在0~4℃后熟12 h,最后添加30%木瓜浆,搅拌均匀,成品奶香浓郁,质地润滑,口感细腻。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with