二维超声阵列换能器声束控制技术的仿真研究

超声波束特性直接影响超声图像的清晰度和对比度。二维超声换能器阵列结构岛数字声束控制技术相结合,是现代超声成像系统发展的重要方向。以二维平面矩形超声换能器阵列和二维圆环超声换能器阵列为对象,利甩仿真实验分别测试幕声束聚焦、声束激励、幅度变迹等技术对声束的控制性能。结果表明,灵活的声束控制技术组合可似有效提高二维超声换能器阵列的声束性能,突出声束主瓣,降低旁瓣与栅瓣的影响。     

焦距可调的超声聚焦换能器研究

动态聚焦超声换能器，由６个不同面积、等间距、等宽度的同心圆环和中心圆片组成的平面换能器作为声发射基阵，通过改变辐射孔径和每个辐射圆环的电激励信号延迟时间，实现动态聚焦；同时，保证各聚焦处声强一致．作者利用声辐射原理和傅里叶光学变换，推导出聚焦声场声压分布表达式，设计出换能器的具体结构参数．结果表明，该系统聚焦范围大，在７７～１５７ｍｍ之间分６档可调．聚焦换能器近场声束较宽，不同聚焦处波束宽度在４．９～３．０ｍｍ范围内变化．通过计算机模拟仿真，取得和理论设计要求一致的结果．     

二维空间中点声源关于圆边界的衍射

本文是在高频情况下,以圆频率ω为大参数,用奇异摄动理论的边界层方法求解了点源对圆边界的衍射,求出了焦散点附近和阴影边界层中有效的二级摄动解,并且给出了求阴影边界层中有效的高级摄动解的方法,指示了可解条件,并且作了严格的证明。本文仅考虑了焦散点附近或阴影边界附近有效的解。     

超声相控阵声束时空控制仿真研究

超声相控阵检测技术是工业无损检测领域新的发展方向,其中相控发射与相控接收过程在整个检测过程中是十分关键的环节,在此过程中通过控制声束偏转聚焦到检测的各个区域内,从而达到对整个检测区的扫描。在研究超声相控阵检测原理的基础上,建立了声束时空控制模型,仿真研究了声束偏转与聚焦过程。     

清华大学物理系声学研究室简介

简单介绍了清华大学物理系声学研究室的基本情况和近期在超声电机、声束在液固界面上反射、声致发光和热声方面的研究进展.     

位错密度的定量测定

本文在EM-400T透射电子显微镜上测定了不同含量稀土铝试样的膜厚.同时考虑到难于选择适当的操作矢量g_(hkl),使所有位错参与成象.因此,拍摄了一条系列照片,每张照片用一个强反射.尽量减少不可见位错的影响,按割线法计算出不同试样的位错密度.     

三维空间Doppler夹角的测量与流速校正方法的研究

超声血流测量系统往往由于无法确定声束 -流速夹角 (Doppler夹角 ) ,因而只能检测真实血流速度的轴向分量。为了解决这一问题 ,该文提出了一种新的基于电磁式定位机构的三维空间 Doppler夹角和速度的测量方法。它借助电磁式定位机构的定位信息重构出血管的三维形状 ,并利用几何关系求出声束与血流的夹角 ,从而得到三维空间中的血流速度估计。实验证明 ,这个方法具有较高的测量准确度     

输送廊道悬浮声屏障插入损失计算模型

为准确评估输送廊道各类悬浮声屏障插入损失,并提高其计算效率,通过声衍射基础公式,考虑实际廊道输送带下方衍射现象,推导出基于线声源的有限长及无限长悬浮声屏障插入损失简化计算公式,进而提出一种考虑下衍射的输送廊道声屏障插入损失计算模型,研究了输送廊道声屏障各类型的选择与居民区所处位置之间的关系。结果表明：下挑檐和上下挑檐声屏障较单侧声屏障和上挑檐声屏障降噪效果高3-5dB。上下挑檐声屏障较下挑檐声屏障降噪效果高约1dB,声屏障高度增加(6m以内)下挑檐插入损失增长速率更快;随着声屏障距地高度增加,近场(50m)插入损失下降速率更快需要搭配其他的降噪措施,远场插入损失下降范围0.5dB内。其研究成果应用于某发电厂厂区外输送廊道噪声控制,采用下挑檐声屏障,理论计算与实际测试误差为2dB以内,达到预期效果。可见对输送廊道噪声的声屏障治理提供科学依据,具有较大的应用价值。     

普遍声逆散射微扰论与形式参数展开法

使用第一作者提出的形式参数展开法给出了在Ｂｏｒｎ 和Ｒｙｔｏｖ 变换下的有限形式声衍射层析成像理论算法．所给出的Ｂｏｒｎ 变换下的有限形式重建公式对散射体的要求比较松,适用于一类中强散射情况,而且计算量也不大．Ｒｙｔｏｖ 变换下的有限形式重建公式,因涉及广义散射,所以Ｓｏｍ ｍ ｅｒｆｅｌｄ 辐射条件不再成立,用它进行重建仍有很大困难．本文还给出了单频任意波阵面入射波情况下更普遍逆散射微扰论,包括Ｒｙｔｏｖ 变换下积分形式声逆散微扰理论．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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