星豹蛛和拟环纹豹蛛抗逆性比较研究

以拟环纹豹蛛Pardosa pseudoannulata和星豹蛛Pardosa astrigera为实验对象,分别测定两种豹蛛成熟雌雄蛛体内含水量和脂类含量,并比较两种豹蛛在无水无食条件下的存活时间,为探究蜘蛛体内水分和脂类含量与其抗干旱和抗饥饿能力的关系提供依据.研究结果表明:星豹蛛体内含水量和脂类含量均显著高于拟环纹豹蛛,星豹蛛在无水无食条件下的存活时间也显著长于拟环纹豹蛛.同时两种豹蛛雌蛛体内脂含量和无水无食条件下的存活时间显著高于相应雄蛛.蜘蛛脂类含量一定程度上可以反映它们的抗逆性.     

拟环纹豹蛛求偶和交配行为的初步研究

以拟环纹豹蛛Pardosa pseudoannulata为研究对象,对其在室内求偶和交配行为进行了详细描述．雄蛛第1对步足水平前伸高频颤动及雄蛛触肢“划浆”式动作是其典型求偶行为．雄蛛触肢上黑白相间的毛丛在求偶中可能具重要作用．第1对步足水平前伸,同时身体平卧地面为雌蛛典型性接受行为．拟环纹豹蛛交配成功率为74．23％,完整交配一次雄蛛左右触肢器分别插入1次,基血囊膨大多次．交配前求偶潜伏时间、求偶持续时间和交配持续时间平均分别为31s、4min32S和26min49S．拟环纹豹蛛雄蛛可进行多次交配,而雌蛛单次交配．雌蛛具同类相食习性,交配前和交配后雌蛛同类相食率依次为9．28％和16．18％．     

温度对拟环纹豹蛛发育和繁殖力的影响

拟环纹豹蛛(Pardosa pseudoannulata)为水稻害虫的重要天敌,在湖北省武汉市以成蛛和幼蛛越冬,一年最多可发生三个世代,以第二代历期为最短,第三代最长.雌蛛历期长于雄蛛.温度对发育历期有较大影响,用二次曲线拟合其关系方程为:y=698.2369—40.8019+0.617x~2,h=0.9850,R=0.9839 δ=5.5281.在32℃时历期取极小值23.36d.全代发育起点温度为10.16℃,有效积温为1171.3日度.温度对产卵间隔、卵袋数、产卵量、幼蛛存活率、成蛛寿命均有较大影响.在25—32℃温度范围内,产卵量和幼蛛存活率高,该蛛有较强的抗高温能力.     

大腹圆蛛拖丝蛋白基因3'端克隆和序列分析

用PCR(Polymerase Chain Reaction)技术从大腹圆蛛主壶腹腺组织的基因组DNA和RNA中分别扩增获得编码拖丝蛋白基因的3'端基因序列,克隆PCR产物到pDrive载体,经PCR、限制性酶切筛选和序列分析后证明获得了蜘蛛拖丝蛋白基因两个克隆AvDS1和AvRS2.基因序列和氨基酸序列分析表明AvDS1和AvRS2具有拖丝蛋白基因序列和蛋白质氨基酸序列特有的结构特征,氨基酸序列中存在4个motifs-(A)n(GA)n(GFGX)n以及(GGX)n.AvDS1与基因库中已报道的蜘蛛拖丝蛋白基因序列同源性较低,而AvRS2与已经报道的Nephila clavipes拖丝蛋白基因组分-1的同源性可达91%,推测AvRS2是编码大腹圆蛛拖丝蛋白基因组分-1基因片段.比较这两个克隆的核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列,发现它们之间没有同源性.推测它们是同一基因的不同片段,或是编码大腹圆珠拖丝蛋白的两个基因组分. 明AvDS1和AvRS2具有拖丝蛋白基因序列和蛋白质氨基酸序列特有的结构特征,氨基酸序列中存在4个motifs-(A)n(GA)n(GFGX)n以及(GGX)n.AvDS1与基因库中已报道的蜘蛛拖丝蛋 基因序列同源性较低,而AvRS2与已经报道的Nephila clavipes拖丝蛋白基因组分-1的同源性可达91%,推测AvRS2是编码大腹圆蛛拖丝蛋白基因组分-1基因片段.比较这两个克隆的核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列,发现它们之间没有同源性.推测它们是同一基因的不同片段,或是编码大腹圆珠拖丝蛋白的两个基因组分. 明AvD     

Effect of D-allethrin on proteinase activity in the midgut of the spider Pardosa pseudoannulata detected by bulk acoustic wave impedance technique

The piezoelectric bulk acoustic wave (BAW) impedance analysis method was employed to monitor in situ the proteinase-catalyzed hydrolyzation of casein and the effect of pesticide D-allethrin on the proteinase activity in the midgut of the spider Pardosa pseudoannulata, and the results obtained were verified by ultraviolet spectroscopy. The hydrolyzation was significantly increased in the presence of low-dose D-allethrin, whereas significantly inhibited in the presence of high-dose D-allethrin, and a correlation was found precisely between the enzyme activity reflected by the final frequency shift after the hydrolyzation and the concentration of D-allethrin, with a significant frequency response observed even at a 1.5×10^-5 volume ratio of D-allethrin to distilled water. The present work may have presented a novel method feasible for study on the mechanism of excitability of spiders under low-dose D-allethrin pesticide and quick detection of proteinase activity.     

Effect of D-allethrin on proteinase activity in the midgut of the spider Pardosa pseudoannulata detected by bulk acoustic wave impedance technique

The piezoelectric bulk acoustic wave (BAW) impedance analysis method was employed to monitor in situ the proteinase-catalyzed hydrolyzation of casein and the effect of pesticide D-allethrin on the proteinase activity in the midgut of the spider Pardosa pseudoannulata, and the results obtained were verified by ultraviolet spectroscopy. The hydrolyzation was significantly increased in the presence of low-dose D-allethrin, whereas significantly inhibited in the presence of high-dose D-allethrin, and a correlation was found precisely between the enzyme activity reflected by the final frequency shift after the hydrolyzation and the concentration of D-allethrin, with a significant frequency response observed even at a 1.5×10-5 volume ratio of D-allethrin to distilled water. The present work may have presented a novel method feasible for study on the mechanism of excitability of spiders under low-dose D-allethrin pesticide and quick detection of proteinase activity.     

我国豹蛛属山栖豹蛛种组一新种及一新纪录种(蜘蛛目:狼蛛科)

记述我国豹蛛属 Pardosa山栖豹蛛种组 monticola- group 1新种 :长隔豹蛛 pardosa longisepta sp. nov.,及1新纪录种 :杂豹蛛 Pardosa mixta(Kulczynski,1887)。新种外雌器中隔端部窄于基部 ,可与本组其它已知种区分。     

缙云山森林次生演替序列群落结构,物种多样性与稳定性关系

基于物种多样性导致稳定性理论,从层次结构和物种多种性指数方面着手,测度和分析了缙云山森林次生演替序列群落的物种多样性与稳定性关系．结果表明,随着群落稳定程度的增加,灌木层、乔木层个体数比例增大,而草本层比例则呈下降趋势;相对稳定的顶极群落,各层次的物种多样性指数（Ｈ）和均匀度指数（Ｊ）波动水平较小;不稳定的发展中群落,各层次的Ｈ和Ｊ波动水平较大,灌木层和草本层建立初期Ｈ和Ｊ较高,以后下降;而乔木层建立初期Ｈ和Ｊ较低,以后上升,最后各层次的Ｈ与Ｊ均趋向一致．测定方法上,认为物种多样性指数和均匀度指数比层次结构图更为有效．     

高寒草甸植物群落中物种多样性与种群变异性关系及其机制初探

对高寒草甸植物群落中36个物种的物种多样性与种群变异性的关系的研究结果表明:随着物种多样性的增加,种群变异性显著降低的有4个,显著增加的有1个,其余30个物种则表现出不显著的物种多样性-种群变异性的关系;1/4的物种随着多样性的增加平均种群生物量都有下降的趋势,这提供了自然群落中密度补偿存在的实验证据,而且几乎所有物种的均值-方差尺度系数Z值为1～2.这两方面的证据都与理论预期的种群变异性随多样性增加而增加的趋势不完全一致.这可能表明:多样性与种群变异性的关系随物种而异,或者说对群落中多样性与种群变异性关系的规律性认识目前的理论还无法做到,需要寻求新的模型来解释.     

不同海拔珙桐群落乔木物种多样性与土壤因子关系研究

 为探讨珙桐(Davidia involucrata)生长的最适海拔高度及其与土壤性质的关系,研究了四川卧龙自然保护区白泥岗地带不同海拔高度的珙桐群落的植物多样性及其根际土壤性质.结果表明,海拔1700 m的珙桐群落的物种多样性最高,1500~1700 m是适宜珙桐生长的海拔高度.珙桐根际土壤速效磷、速效氮、速效钾、有机质和含水量在3个土层深度上差异显著;整个地区土壤pH值变化范围小.腐殖质层土样1500~1700m 3个海拔土壤养分含量显著高于1800 m和1850 m 2个海拔;淀积层、母质层土壤养分在5个海拔间的变化规律性不强.相关分析表明,速效磷、速效钾和pH值与群落物种多样性无显著相关性,只有淀积层有机质、腐殖质层含水量与群落物种多样性显著相关,母质层速效氮和淀积层、母质层含水量甚至与群落物种多样性显著负相关.