盐酸法舒地尔抑制小鼠EAE作用及机制研究

目的探讨盐酸法舒地尔（Fasudil hydrochloride）对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎（EAE）的抑制作用和可能的机制.方法按平均体重将C57BL/6雌性小鼠分为EAE组、盐酸法舒地尔治疗组和佐剂组,用髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白35-55多肽（MOG35-55）诱导EAE模型,佐剂组以等量生理盐水代替.治疗组于免疫后6d开始按50mg（/kg·d）腹腔注射盐酸法舒地尔,EAE组和佐剂组用等量的生理盐水作为对照.比较各组小鼠的各种表现,并进行症状评分.免疫后18～20d取各组小鼠,制备脾脏淋巴细胞悬液,用MTT法检测淋巴细胞的增殖情况,用ELISA法检测并比较各组淋巴细胞培养上清液中细胞因子INF-γ、IL-17、IL-10的水平.结果盐酸法舒地尔能够显著改善EAE的症状,减轻中枢神经系统（CNS）炎性浸润及髓鞘脱失等病理变化,并且可抑制脾脏淋巴细胞分泌INF-γ、IL-17（P〈0.05）,促进IL-10的分泌（P〈0.05）.结论盐酸法舒地尔可以有效抑制小鼠EAE,这种抑制可能与其对脾淋巴细胞中INF-γ、IL-17表达的下调和IL-10表达的上调作用有关.     

黄芪糖蛋白抑制小鼠EAE的作用研究

目的探讨黄糖蛋白对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis,EAE)小鼠的抑制作用和可能的机制。方法将18～23 g体质量C57BL/6雌性小鼠随机分为EAE组、黄芪糖蛋白(HuangqiGlycoprotein,HQGP)治疗组和佐剂组,EAE模型使用髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白35-55多肽(MOG35-55)对小鼠进行免疫,佐剂组用生理盐水代替。治疗组于免疫后第6 d按每天30 mg/kg腹腔注射HQGP,佐剂组和EAE组则注射等量生理盐水。观察各组发病情况,同时进行临床症状评分。在免疫后第20 d分离脾脏,用MTT法检测淋巴细胞的增殖情况,用ELISA法检测各组淋巴细胞上清液中细胞因子INF-γ、IL-1β、IL-10和IL-4的水平。结果 HQGP能够显著改善EAE的发病,减轻炎性浸润,并且可抑制MOG35-55诱导的脾淋巴细胞增殖反应(P<0.01)及INF-γ和IL-1β分泌(P<0.05),促进IL-10的分泌(P<0.05),而对IL-4的分泌没有显著性影响。结论 HQGP能显著改善EAE小鼠的症状,可能与减少炎性细胞的浸润有关。     

雌二醇对EAE大鼠ICAM-1和INF-γ表达的影响

目的探讨雌二醇对去卵巢后EAE大鼠的免疫抑制作用及其机制.方法制备去卵巢后10 d的EAE大鼠模型,随机分为EAE组、E2治疗组和佐剂组.E2治疗组在免疫后（post-inoculation,p.i.）0～5 d每日肌注E2（250μg/kg）一次.在p.i.6,8,10,12,14,16 d处死动物,用免疫组化技术检测脑和脊髓不同部位ICAM-1,IFN-γ的表达,并对EAE组ICAM-1和IFN-γ进行相关分析.结果与EAE组相比较,在p.i.6～12 d,E2治疗组血清E2浓度升高,临床症状评分降低,体重减轻减少,发病率较低,上述差异均有统计学意义;在p.i.10～16 d,E2治疗组ICAM-1与IFN-γ的表达降低,且具有统计学意义.EAE组ICAM-1与IFN-γ表达呈显著正相关性.结论E2能够有效抑制EAE,其抑制机制与E2下调ICAM-1,IFN-γ的表达进而促使Th细胞发生转分化有关。     

Th17细胞与银屑病的关系的研究进展

Th17细胞是近年来发现的一种不同于Th1、Th2细胞的CD4+效应性T细胞亚群,以分泌IL-17、IL-22等细胞因子为特点,与自身免疫疾病、肿瘤及感染性疾病的发生机制紧密相关。本文就Th17细胞及其相关细胞因子在银屑病的发病机制及治疗中起的作用作一综述,期望可以增加对银屑病发生机制的认识,并为其提供新的治疗策略。     

硫辛酸对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎大鼠血脑屏障影响的研究

目的探讨硫辛酸（LA）对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎血脑屏障的免疫调节作用．方法制备EAE动物模型，随机分为EAE组、LA治疗组和佐剂组．LA治疗组免疫后（post-inoculation，p．i．）0-5d每日肌注LA（100mg／kg）一次．观察各组在不同时间点血清和脑脊液中白蛋白含量比值（CSF to serum albumin quotient，QA），通过QA评定BBB的损害．观察各组症状评分、体重变化、发病率等临床指标．结果EAE组QA在p．i．8d达峰值（0．31±0．07），LA治疗组QA在P．i．14d达峰值（0．20±0．04），LA治疗组QA值幅度低且峰值出现时间延迟，与EAE组比较有统计学差异（P〈0．01）；LA治疗组临床症状评分（0．60±1．12）较EAE组（2．07±1．33）降低（P〈0．01）；LA治疗组体重减轻（7．07±3．75）较EAE组（15．06±4．20）减少（P〈0．01）；LA治疗组发病率（20％）较EAE组（73％）降低（P〈0．01）．结论继早期BBB损伤高峰之后，EAE临床症状开始出现并逐渐加重；LA通过保护BBB或促进BBB功能恢复缓解EAE．     

热敏灸对人体免疫失衡影响的实验研究

募集17名受试者,随机分为对照组和热敏灸组,进行一周的高强度集训.期间,对照组每天运动后进行20 min的推拿按摩,热敏灸组每天运动后在双侧足三里处实施20 min的热敏灸治疗.采用ELISA法测定两组受试者集训前、末次训练后2 h与末次训练后3 d肘正中静脉血IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-12、IL-10、IL-12p40的含量;在热敏灸足三里治疗过程中,采集受试者红外热成像图形,分析热敏灸对穴位周围温度的影响.结果发现,热敏灸疗法可通过温热刺激和红外辐射等方式刺激穴位,提高IFN-γ/IL-4比值,调节IL-12及其抑制剂IL-10与IL-12p40的分泌,促进Th1细胞的分化过程,从而纠正过度疲劳所致的Th1/Th2失衡状态.     

缩小膜壳绦虫的研究与发展

目前,自身免疫性疾病、神经性疾病的发病率急剧上升,研究发现感染蠕虫对疾病具有治疗作用.其中,缩小膜壳绦虫可寄生于宿主的小肠中,通过激活先天免疫调节途径的白细胞(巨噬细胞等)和调节性T细胞,作用于抗原提呈细胞(APCs)促进Th2细胞免疫反应,并促使分泌一些细胞因子(IL-4,IL-10和TGF-β等)和效应分子(抗体和...     

1,25(OH)_2VD_3在过敏原特异性免疫治疗花粉过敏哮喘中的应用

以1,25(OH)₂VD₃为佐剂制备软叶针葵花粉变应原疫苗,以小鼠致敏哮喘模型为研究对象进行特异性免疫治疗.通过检测小鼠气道高反应性、血清中特异性抗体、细胞因子以及肺组织病理学切片等指标对治疗模型的构建进行评价,探讨1,25(OH)₂VD₃在过敏原特异性免疫治疗花粉过敏哮喘免疫机制中的作用.结果表明:以1,25(OH)₂VD₃为变应原疫苗能有效抑制花粉特异性IgE的产生和Th2细胞因子IL-4分泌,促进封闭性抗体IgG2a产生和Th1细胞因子IFN-γ的分泌,增加耐受性细胞因子IL-10生产,使Th2反应向Th1反应转变.1,25(OH)₂VD₃在花粉过敏性哮喘治疗中能大幅提高过敏原特异性免疫治疗的疗效.     

Rock抑制剂-Fasudil对EAE外周免疫的调节作用

目的探讨Rock抑制剂Fasudil对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)发病起始环节的外周免疫调节机制。方法将雌性C57BL/6小鼠分为CFA组、EAE组和Fasudil组。Fasudil组动物免疫后第7 d腹腔给予Fasudi(l50mg/kg.d),连续给药14 d。免疫后隔天观察各组小鼠临床评分和体质量变化。在免疫后28 d处死动物,取脊髓进行HE染色和髓鞘染色,制备脾脏单个核淋巴细胞(MNC),测定细胞增殖和细胞因子IL-4,IL-10,IL-1β,IFN-γ的含量,流式细胞术观察CD4,CD25调节性T细胞的比例,部分脾脏组织和MNC涂片行免疫组化荧光染色观察Rock的表达。结果Fasudil在EAE外周免疫组织和细胞通过下调Rock的表达,抑制Rock的激活,明显改善EAE的临床症状评分(P<0.05);减轻EAE外周炎性细胞向中枢的浸润,缓解神经髓鞘的脱失;经Fasudil干预可以下调EAE外周特异性MOG35-55反应性T淋巴细胞增殖能力,下调炎性细胞因子IFN-γ和IL-1β水平,升高保护性细胞因子IL-10水平,促进CD4,CD25调节性T细胞比例增加。结论 Rho/Rock信号通路的激活在EAE的发病中起着重要作用,应用Rock抑制剂--Fasudil抑制EAE免疫病理过程中外周免疫细胞激活这一起始重要环节,减少炎性细胞的中枢浸润,缓解EAE的临床症状。     

大承气汤对支气管哮喘及肺肠合病Treg/TH17免疫机制的作用

目的 从“肺与大肠相表里”理论出发，以大承气汤通肠利肺作用为切入点，观察支气管哮喘（简称哮喘）及肺肠合病大鼠动物模型及在大承气汤方药干预下，肺与大肠之间共同免疫物质TH17/Treg的变化，探讨“肺与大肠相表里”的免疫机制.方法 建立哮喘组、肺肠合病组、大承气汤组哮喘干预组与肺肠合病干预组动物模型，检测各组大鼠外周血淋巴细胞中Th17/Treg亚群分布表达,及血清中 IL-17，IL-6，IL-2的水平.结果 与正常对照组比较，哮喘组及肺肠合病组大鼠外周血中Th17细胞比例升高，Treg细胞比例降低，血清中IL-6，IL-17水平升高，IL-2水平降低，有差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.005）；肺肠合病组大鼠组更明显（P＜0.005）.在大承气汤干预下，与哮喘组比较，哮喘干预组与肺肠合病干预组Th17细胞比例降低，Treg细胞比例升高，血清IL-6，IL-17水平下降，IL-2水平升高，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.005）.结论 哮喘发病时肠道功能的变化可能导致肺、肠TH17/Treg的免疫失衡，免疫反应向呼吸道粘膜等部位迁移，加重哮喘的发病.大承气汤是可以通过调节肠道TH17/Treg免疫，提高黏膜屏障功能，降低淋巴细胞的“归巢”作用，减轻哮喘发病.     

Th1-specific cell surface protein Tim-3 regulates macrophage activation and severity of an autoimmune disease

Activation of naive CD4(+) T-helper cells results in the development of at least two distinct effector populations, Th1 and Th2 cells. Th1 cells produce cytokines (interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-2, tumour-necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and lymphotoxin) that are commonly associated with cell-mediated immune responses against intracellular pathogens, delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions, and induction of organ-specific autoimmune diseases. Th2 cells produce cytokines (IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13) that are crucial for control of extracellular helminthic infections and promote atopic and allergic diseases. Although much is known about the functions of these two subsets of T-helper cells, there are few known surface molecules that distinguish between them. We report here the identification and characterization of a transmembrane protein, Tim-3, which contains an immunoglobulin and a mucin-like domain and is expressed on differentiated Th1 cells. In vivo administration of antibody to Tim-3 enhances the clinical and pathological severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a Th1-dependent autoimmune disease, and increases the number and activation level of macrophages. Tim-3 may have an important role in the induction of autoimmune diseases by regulating macrophage activation and/or function.     

Development of Th1-type immune responses requires the type I cytokine receptor TCCR

On antigen challenge, T-helper cells differentiate into two functionally distinct subsets, Th1 and Th2, characterized by the different effector cytokines that they secrete. Th1 cells produce interleukin (IL)-2, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and lymphotoxin-beta, which mediate pro-inflammatory functions critical for the development of cell-mediated immune responses, whereas Th2 cells secrete cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 that enhance humoral immunity. This process of T-helper cell differentiation is tightly regulated by cytokines. Here we report a new member of the type I cytokine receptor family, designated T-cell cytokine receptor (TCCR). When challenged in vivo with protein antigen, TCCR-deficient mice had impaired Th1 response as measured by IFN-gamma production. TCCR-deficient mice also had increased susceptibility to infection with an intracellular pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes. In addition, levels of antigen-specific immunoglobulin-gamma2a, which are dependent on Th1 cells, were markedly reduced in these mice. Our results demonstrate the existence of a new cytokine receptor involved in regulating the adaptive immune response and critical to the generation of a Th1 response.     

A suppressor T-lymphocyte cell line for autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a model for the in vitro and in vivo study of T-cell activation. It is an autoimmune disease mediated by T lymphocytes of the helper T-cell (Th) subset. After sensitization to guinea-pig myelin basic protein in complete Freund's adjuvant, Lewis rats develop an autoimmune response to central nervous system (CNS) myelin basic protein, manifested clinically as paralysis and histologically by a perivascular mononuclear cell infiltrate of the CNS parenchyma. Suppressor cell regulation of EAE has long been suspected because Lewis rats, which spontaneously recover from active disease, are resistant to reinduction of active EAE, even though effector T-cell lines can be rescued from these recovered rats. Using cyclosporin A, an immunosuppressive agent believed to inhibit Th cell function, suppressor T-cell (Ts) lines have now been generated from recovered Lewis rats. These Ts cells, when admixed with guinea pig myelin basic protein-specific Th cells, will prevent the adoptive transfer of EAE. The Ts cells appear to be CD4+, which explains previous observations that CD8+ lymphocytes are not important in the recovery of EAE in the rat. This is the first direct demonstration of Ts-cell regulation of EAE.     

Effect of MTECl on the functional expression of TCRαβ~ + 3G11~- 6C10~-CD4~+CD8~- thymocyte subset

A murine CD4+ thymocyte subset with phenotype of TCRαβ + 3G11- 6C10- CD4 + CD8- CD69 +/- HSAmed/locontains the cells in relatively functional matured status. The functional property of the cells in this subset is characterized by the unique pattern of cytokine production at transitional stage from Th0 to Th2 type with the latter being the dominant type. After being co-cultured with murine thymic medullary epithelial cell line (MTEC1) cells, a murine thymic medullary type epithelial cell line, the TCRαβ(T 3G11 6C10-CD4 + CD8- CD69+/- HSAmed/l? thy-mocytes, has exhibited significantly higher levels of proliferation capability and IL-6 production, whereas the production of IL-4 and IL-10 is suppressed after co-culturing with MTECl. By contrast, MTECl could not induce thymocytes to secrete Th1 type of cytokines. The results suggest that MTECl can regulate functional status of this thymocyte subset and induce them to develop into a specialized Th2 subset.     

白细胞介素-10与支气管哮喘之间关系的研究

白细胞介素-10(IL-10)主要由ThO和Th2细胞在激活状态下分泌的一种细胞因子,是具有多向性生物活性的强力免疫抑制因子,可阻断多种炎性细胞因子的合成,具有抗炎作用,文章就其与支气管哮喘之间关系的研究进展作一报道.     

胡桃楸树皮抗肿瘤有效成分对H22荷瘤小鼠T细胞亚群的影响

 为测定胡桃楸树皮提取物(HT)抗肿瘤有效成分对H₂₂荷瘤小鼠T细胞亚群的影响,将昆明小鼠随机分为HT高剂量组、HT低剂量组、阳性药环磷酰胺组、模型组和正常组,采用接种法复制H₂₂肿瘤移植模型。利用荧光标记抗体-流式细胞术检测HT对建立的H₂₂荷瘤小鼠模型外周血中CD4⁺/CD8⁺细胞亚群比值变化; ELISA法检测CD4⁺细胞所分泌细胞因子IL-4和IFN-γ的含量,以测定Th1/Th2细胞亚群比例。结果显示,与阳性药注射用环磷酰胺(CTX)相比,HT高、低剂量组能显著降低机体CD8⁺亚群比例(P<0.01),HT低剂量组可明显提高CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值(P<0.05)。HT高、低剂量组的IL-4含量显著低于阳性药CTX组(P<0.001),明显低于模型组(P<0.05)。HT高剂量组的IFN-γ/IL-4水平明显高于阳性药CTX组(P<0.05)。研究表明,胡桃楸树皮提取物具有明显的抑瘤作用,能保护胸腺和脾脏,能减轻荷瘤机体的T细胞免疫功能的损伤。