血液标本临床检验不合格的原因及对策分析

研究血液标本临床检验不合格的原因及对策。选取血液检验科不合格的血液标本168份作为研究对象,分析其原因,并探究其相应措施。导致血液标本临床检验不合格的原因有抗凝不全、样本量少、凝血、溶血、输液同侧采血、受检者准备不足、送检不及时、容器不当等多种原因,其中抗凝不全、样本量少、凝血、溶血为主要原因。医院可通过加强医护人员专业素养培训,指导患者做好血液采集准备,并制定相应规章制度等相关措施来防止血液标本检验不合格现象的发生。     

临床检验标本的不合格原因分析与整改方案

目的：对我院不合格的检验标本进行分类,分析原因,并提出相应的整改方案.方法：回顾性分析我院2011年至2013年的328份不合格检验标本,对导致不合格的原因进行分类统计.结果：328份不合格标本中,血液标本132份,所占比例为40.2%.分泌物标本196份,所占比例为59.8%,其中尿液标本和大便标本的不合格率偏高.结论：要取得准确可靠的检验结果,检验标本的采集、留取至关重要,针对标本不合格原因提出整改方案,有助于减少不合格标本的发生,进而提高检验结果的质量.     

提高血液标本送检合格率的探讨

目的：通过加强献血者血标本各环节的质量控制工作,提高血液标本合格率。方法：分析影响献血者血标本不合格的主要因素,提出质控措施,统计质量控制前后不合格标本数,计算其百分率并进行比较。结果：质量控制后的血标本合格率为99.90%,质量控制前后血标本送检合格率差异有统计学意义,P〈0.001。结论：献血者血标本检测前,加强各环节的质量控制工作,建立规范的查对审核制度和加强培训,其中做好标本送检前的及时复核对提高标本合格数,提高标本送检合格率起着重要作用。     

探讨血液分析仪检验结果的影响因素

探讨在检验中影响血常规检验结果的诸多影响因素,为临床应用提供理论指导。随机抽取2016年1月至12月间在兰州兰石医院用血液分析仪做血常规检验的1000例患者,通过对检验结果的分析,总结了影响血液分析仪检验结果的诸多因素。不合格标本66例,不合格百分率为6.6%。其中:生理因素共30例,占比3.0%;仪器因素15例,占比1.5%;试剂因素11例,占比1.1%;人为因素10例,占比1.0%。血液分析仪检验结果的影响因素较多,故在进行血液分析仪检验过程中,操作人员应做好检验前、检验中和检验后的各项工作,严格按标本采集规范和操作规程进行,以提高血液分析仪检验结果的准确性,可靠性和稳定性。     

血细胞分析标本采集中应注意的问题

研究表明，检验前阶段占检验全程的57．3％．此阶段是整个质控中最易忽视却非常重要的环节。当前临床细胞学分析中误差的来源已不再是实验室仪器操作过程，而是流程中的其它因素．这些是任何先进仪器所不能替代的。标本不合格导致的直接危害是：标本不合格—报告错误一误导医生诊断一延误最佳治疗时间—病人投诉一医疗纠纷日。现就血细胞分析的标本采集问题探讨如下：     

2017年夏安庆市大型超市冷冻食品微生物污染状况调查与分析

依据《食品微生物学检验》(GB 4789.1-2016)、《公共场所卫生检查方法》(GB/T 18204.3-2013)和微生物测试片法,于2017年夏对安庆市7个超市冷冻食品微生物和空气微生物进行了检测,采用SPSS17.0进行数据处理和分析。共检测冷冻食品7类,49份,合格42份,总合格率85.71%(42/49),其中,金黄色葡萄球菌超标占不合格份数的42.86%(3/7),细菌菌落总数超标占不合格份数的28.57%(2/7),大肠杆菌超标占不合格份数的28.57%(2/7);不同超市食品微生物合格率与空气微生物浓度之间无统计学意义(p>0.05),且两者之间的相关性极弱(R<0.3)。安庆市大型超市冷冻食品微生物污染较严重,食品药品监督局要加强对食品的监测、监督和宣传,并加大执法力度,同时市民也要增强对食品卫生的关注力度。     

品管圈在大小便标本管理中的应用

探讨品管圈在大小便标本管理中的应用效果。2014年2月-2015年4月在甘肃中医药大学附属医院创伤骨科成立10人小组的品管圈,主题选定为"提高创伤骨科住院患者大小便标本送检率",依次进行拟定计划、把握现状、设定目标值、分析要因、拟定对策、实施对策等步骤,统计、比较品管圈应用前后大小便标本送检情况,分析无形成果,确定标准化流程。(1)品管圈应用后大便标本送检率、小便标本送检率均达到设定的目标值;品管圈应用后大便标本送检率为91.71%,高于品管圈应用前的77.04%(P0.05),品管圈应用后小便标本送检率为98.87%,高于品管圈应用前的92.60%(P0.05)。(2)无形成果:品管圈应用后圈队成员均表示在责任感、发挥个人潜力、沟通技巧、QC手法应用、活动参与、团队精神六方面均有明显进步。(3)确定标准化流程。应用品管圈,能显著性提高大小便标本送检率、无形成果。     

简析如何管理临床检验标本提高合格率

临床检验结果可以辅助临床诊断和鉴别诊断疾病，提高人们预防疾病的意识，一个有价值的检验标本，是为临床医师提供正确检验结果的保障。准确的检验结果缩短患者就医时间，提高医疗质量，文章中简述了产生不合格检验标本的常见原因，以及相应对策。为了获得准确的检验标本，检验科工作人员需要具备扎实的检验操作知识，熟练的操作技能，并有与患者的有效沟通的能力。通过检验工作人员的全面讲解，患者在做检查前应做好恰当的准备，以便保证采集过程的顺利进行。     

痰标本质量的评价

目的研究临床痰标本的合格率,帮助和提高患者正确留取标本的方法与认识,使患者得到真实有效的诊断和治疗。方法采用标本直接涂片、革兰染色、显微镜检查评价痰标本的质量,从而调查痰标本的合格率,观察痰涂片与痰培养感染菌分离率的吻合程度。结果患者留取痰标本涂片镜检:白细胞>25/LP,扁平上皮细胞<10/LP及白细胞<25/LP,扁平上皮细胞10~25/LP者感染菌分离率明显高于白细胞<10/LP者,扁平上皮细胞>25/LP者,合格的痰标本涂片镜检的结果与感染菌分离结果的符合率高。结论严格把控采集时机、方法和送检时间,提高感染菌分离率,确保培养结果的准确性。     

未行准分子激光屈光性角膜手术的原因探讨

探讨了未行准分子激光角膜屈光手术的具体原因。对519例患者经术前系统检查和沟通后未行手术的原因进行了总结分析。519例中主观原因未行手术者占56.3%(292/519),客观原因者占43.7%(227/519);其中心理因素占53.4%(156/292),手术动机占35.3%(103/292),经济因素占6.8%(20/292),年龄偏小占4.5%(13/292);角膜厚度不足占56.8%(129/227),最佳矫正视力不良占13.2%(30/227),可疑圆锥角膜占10.6%(24/227),眼底病变8.8%(20/227),干眼5.7%(13/227),高眼压占1.8%(4/227),其他占3.1%(7/227)。准分子激光屈光性角膜手术具有高度的选择性和严格的适应症。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.