小规模无线传感器网络中GEAR协议的改进

无线传感器网络中基于地理位置的能量感知路由协议（GEAR）在发送数据分组的过程中,由于缺乏足够的网络拓扑信息以及传感器节点能量有限等问题,会遭遇路由空洞,出现短暂路由环现象.针对特定场景下的小规模网络中GEAR路由协议进行优化,提出一种改进的路由机制（SGEAR）.机制基于节点的剩余能量进行选择,对代价函数进行调整,使被选择过的节点、空洞节点、节点能量值低于阈值这3种情况的节点不会再被选择作为下一跳节点.改进算法避免了节点修改自身代价值后,广播消息的不及时造成的短暂路由环现象,提高了时效性,达到更好的性能.仿真结果表明：改进的路由算法能够减少路由空洞个数,进一步降低网络能量消耗,延长网络的生命周期.     

物联网中链路稳定和能量感知混合模型的组播路由协议

针对物联网络中容易出现节点能量消耗不均衡,路由稳定性差,数据容易丢失等问题,提出了一种改进的链路稳定和节点剩余能量感知的物联网路由算法。该路由算法首先建立了一种基于链路稳定性和节点剩余能量的混合路由模型,利用该模型对节点的能量和链路稳定参数进行综合预判,选出最优节点来组成网络。仿真结果表明,与AODV算法相比,该算法可以有效控制网络开销,提高数据转发率,延长网络生存周期,降低网络延迟。     

基于节点权值的簇头选举优化算法

LEACH是无线传感器网络中一种经典的降低网络耗能的分簇路由算法,该算法可有效的延长网络的生命周期,具有平面路由协议无可比拟的优越性。但其簇头选举机制是随机的,没有考虑候选节点的剩余能量等因素。本文基于LEACH提出了一种改进算法,通过节点权值来选择簇头,权值是本轮候选节点的剩余能量、节点密度和距离基站远近的一种数学关系的度量。依此来均衡网络负载,延长整个网络的生命周期。     

Ad Hoc网络中基于蚁群优化的路由选择算法

为了降低Ad Hoc网络拥塞程度，减少节点能量消耗，将蚁群优化算法应用于改进Ad Hoc网络的路由选择问题上，提出一种在Ad Hoc网络中基于网络有限带宽和剩余能量信息的路由选择算法。根据蚁群优化算法中的信息素浓度对路由选择进行调整，使路由选择实现分布式全局优化。仿真结果表明，     

一种基于能量和距离的多级能量异构传感器网络路由算法

为了能有效地利用节点能量的异构性,降低网络能耗、延长网络稳定周期,提出了一种同时考虑节点剩余能量和节点至基站距离的多级能量异构无线传感器网络的分簇路由算法.在节点簇间综合考虑簇头剩余能量及其与基站的通信能耗,以选择合适的下一跳路由节点.仿真结果表明,该算法可以有效地均衡网络能量消耗,延长网络稳定周期.该路由算法在维持节点存活个数、降低网络能量消耗及增加网络数据传输吞吐量等指标方面优于几种常见传感器网络路由算法,表明在综合考虑能量和距离等因素后能够获得比单一考虑能量或者距离的算法更优的运行结果.     

Ad Hoc网络中基于蚁群优化的路由选择算法

为了降低Ad Hoc网络拥塞程度,减少节点能量消耗,将蚁群优化算法应用于改进Ad Hoc网络的路由选择问题上,提出一种在Ad Hoc网络中基于网络有限带宽和剩余能量信息的路由选择算法。根据蚁群优化算法中的信息素浓度对路由选择进行调整,使路由选择实现分布式全局优化。仿真结果表明,该算法可以使平均端到端延迟从0.75 s降低到0.28 s,网络生存时间延长30%,提高了网络资源利用率。     

Ad Hoc网络中基于蚁群优化的路由选择算法

为了降低AdHoe网络拥塞程度，减少节点能量消耗，将蚁群优化算法应用于改进Adhoe网络的路由选择问题上，提出一种在Adhoe网络中基于网络有限带宽和剩余能量信息的路由选择算法。根据蚁群优化算法中的信息素浓度对路由选择进行调整，使路由选择实现分布式全局优化。仿真结果表明，该算法可以使平均端到端延迟从0．75s降低到0．28s，网络生存时间延长30％，提高了网络资源利用率。     

基于协同路由算法的无线传感器网络能量空洞避免

在多跳的无线传感器网络中,靠近sink的节点由于需要转发来自外层网络的数据,其能量消耗速度快于离sink较远的节点,从而导致了"能量空洞"的出现,最终导致网络过早死亡.本文在分析现有路由算法的基础上,针对EEUC算法的不足,对其进行了改进,提出了多跳无线传感器网络中的协同路由算法.在路由节点选择时不局限于簇头作为路由节点,还可以将成员节点作为路由节点,让其分担了簇头的能量消耗.算法引入了距离因子和能量因子,既考虑候选路由节点相对于sink的距离,同时还考虑候选路由节点的剩余能量,以达到选择最佳路由节点的目的.仿真结果表明,所改进路由算法在网络生存时间,能耗均匀程度方面优于现有算法.     

无线传感器网络中基于能量的簇首选择改进算法

针对LEACH分簇路由协议在选簇首时没有考虑节点能量而影响网络寿命的问题，提出了一种根据节点的剩余能量来调节节点生成随机数的大小，从而调整节点成为簇首概率的簇首选择算法，剩余能量越多的节点成为簇首的概率越大。仿真结果表明，此改进算法比LEACH算法能延长网络寿命10%以上,网络性能得到了提高。     

基于组合优化理论的能量感知路由算法

针对传统OLSR算法的传输功率消耗和节点剩余能量之间的矛盾,提出了一种基于组合优化理论的能量感知路由算法(EW OLSR).首先根据传输功率消耗和节点剩余能量构建节点能量消耗数学模型,并将其作为路由选择目标函数,然后在节点剩余能量计算中引入ARIMA LSSVM组合预测模型,最后根据能量消耗最小路径选择数据传输路由.实验结果表明,EW OLSR算法不仅减少了网络能量消耗和传输时延,而且提高了分组到达率,在无线网络中具有广阔的应用前景.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the