二维岛屿尾流近区流动参数的分布特性

为了深入研究尾流近区的流动规律 ,以便对岛屿后方的污染物混合输移特性有更清晰的了解 ,采用数字粒子图像测速 (digital particle image velocimetry,DPIV )技术 ,在恒定来流的工况下 ,分别对圆柱和正弦形状岛屿在尾流近区的速度分布进行了比较详细的测量 ,获得了大量的数据。文中着重从相似性的角度 ,对流速在长时间 (尾流摆动的一个周期 )内的平均值进行了分析。结果显示 ,沿程各断面的此种平均流速在归一化后具有一定的相似性 ,但是各断面归一化的紊动参数分布有很大的差别     

平直缓坡上破波带内污染物输移速度实验研究

破波带内是接受海陆交接处污染物最多的区域,掌握破波带内污染物输移规律尤为重要.为此,通过实验,研究了平直斜坡上破波带内污染物在沿岸方向与垂直岸线方向的输移规律.实验采用的入射波分为规则波和随机波,主要分析了这两种入射波情况下入射波高、周期对污染物沿岸方向输移速度的影响;垂直岸线方向输移速度Vdx与沿岸方向输移速度Vdy比值关系;污染物沿岸方向输移速度与时均沿岸流最大值的比值.污染物在破波带内输移速度通过追踪污染团浓度等值线的额点来获得.结果表明,规则波和不规则波情况,污染物沿岸方向输移速度随着入射波周期和波高的增大而增大,污染物基本都有向岸线方向输移的趋势;规则波情况下,|Vdx|/|Vdy|在0.04～0.11范围内,不规则波情况,则在0.11～0.29范围内.污染团向岸线方向输移速度不规则波情况比规则波情况时大;规则波情况下,污染物沿岸方向输移速度约为时均沿岸流最大值的36%～90%,而不规则波情况下,则为61%～75%.     

非正交曲线坐标下水流和污染物扩散输移的数值计算

基于非正交曲线坐标下水流与污染物扩散输移的深度平均数学模型，采用k-ε双方程湍流模型和速度—水深耦合算法，应用于实验室连续弯道的水流及污染物扩散输移的数值模拟，分别计算了流场及岸边和中心污染物排放的浓度场，得到与实测值吻合良好的计算值。     

含滩地交汇河道水动力特性与掺混特征数值模拟

为研究滩地对河道交汇区水动力特性以及物质输移的影响，建立了含滩地河道交汇区的三维水动力-污染物耦合数值模型，模拟并分析了不同高度和宽度的滩地对交汇区水流结构及污染物横向掺混的影响。研究结果表明：支汊滩地引起的侧向入流垂向动量重分布，对交汇区的双螺旋流结构，污染物横向扩散范围以及掺混层的位置、形态特征和宽度等均有显著影响；支流侧二次流强度和范围随着滩地高度的增加而增大，滩地展宽使支流侧二次流向左岸偏移、强度增大；污染物混合程度与二次流密切相关，二次流的强度、位置和范围均对物质掺混速率有重要的影响，二次流的强度越高、范围越大、位置越接近掺混层，污染物掺混速率越快。     

浅水层与深水区圆柱岛屿的近尾流流动

为对浅水层中圆柱型岛屿绕流的回流特征进行探讨 ,分别求解了 Reynolds平均方程 (相当于深水区圆柱绕流 )和深度平均的浅水方程 ,并采用基于 RNG(renonnalization group)方法的 k-ε湍流模型数值模拟几种工况下岛屿绕流的流动。计算中采用 SIMPL E算法求解方程。计算结果表明 ,深水区岛屿绕流的尾流区的流动结构主要受到 Re的影响 ,而决定浅水尾流流动模式的唯一参数是稳定性参数 S,并且发现 S=0 .45是尾流区涡街向形成稳定的回流区转变的临界值     

有限长度钝体尾流的三维特性

运用X形热线,对高宽比分别为3,5和7的有限长度方形截面柱体尾流进行测量,并运用相平均方法对其尾流场进行研究.相关实验是在一低湍流度风洞中,雷诺数Red为3 500的条件下进行的.研究结果表明:壁面边界层与柱体自由端面后的下降流造成了柱体尾流显著的三维性;该三维性在柱体下游10d(d为柱体的宽度)处仍能清晰的观察到;对于高宽比为3的柱体,相平均的脉动速度以及脉动速度能谱在所有测量高度上均近似相同;而高宽比为5或7时,尾流中间高度附近流动周期性最强,且相平均脉动速度最大值为柱体顶部或底部附近对应值的2倍以上.     

圆柱型岛屿浅水尾流流动模式的研究

对直径为l.27m的圆柱型岛屿在浅水层中尾流的流动模式进行了数值模拟与实验研究.采用数字图像测速(DPIV)系统对圆柱型岛屿尾流区的流态进行了测量,实验结果给出了全流场的速度流线图,表明了尾流区流动的特征,并采用尾流稳定性参数S将尾流区流场划分为三种流态5＜0.2为涡脱落流态;0.2＜S＜0.45为不稳定状态;S＞0.45为稳定状态.在数值计算中求解了水深平均的Reynolds方程和RNGk-ε湍流模型,模拟了实验条件下的尾流流动.计算结果与实验结果相吻合.     

近床面风沙流的颗粒拟流体大涡模拟分析

通过气相大涡模拟与基于颗粒动理学理论的颗粒相湍流拟流体模型进行耦合,对近床面风沙气固两相三维运动进行了数值计算。相同来流风速下,对跃移层内沙相速度、沙相浓度及沙粒脉动均方根速度沿近床面高度变化进行了统计分析,对比了模拟参数结果与相关实验值之间的差异。结果表明:所建计算模型能较好地揭示近床面风沙流特性,低沙相浓度运动模拟中2种曵力系数模型计算得到的各个宏观参数统计量趋于一致;跃移层内沙相平均流向速度随近床面高度的增加呈递增趋势,沙相浓度随近床面高度的增加呈递减趋势,沙相流向脉动均方根速度在跃移底层呈现单一峰值状。模拟结果获得了与相关实验结论相类似的变化规律,得出准确选取沙粒碰撞弹性恢复系数是准确揭示沙相速度脉动强弱的关键。     

窄条控制件对流向振荡柱体尾流旋涡脱落的抑制

在流向振荡圆柱体尾流中施加一个静止的窄条控制件,对尾流涡脱落及作用于柱体的平均和脉动力进行抑制.未加控制情况下,存在非锁频和3种锁频状态的涡脱落模式.流动显示及尾流脉动速度谱和脉动升力谱的分析表明,当控制件位于有效控制区域时,可抑制非锁频和2种锁频状态下的旋涡脱落,并且使脉动升力和平均阻力有明显减少.本文研究了柱体的振频、雷诺数,窄条宽度及阻塞度对有效区的影响并探讨了控制机理.     

用有限分析法对连续弯道岸边排污的数值模拟

基于边界拟合坐标系,运用涡量-流函数方程和标准k-ε双方程湍流模型,通过有限分析方法对连续弯道的水流和污染物的扩散输移进行了数值模拟,计算了流场及岸边污染物排放的浓度场,并与实验室结果和有限体积法的计算结果进行了比较.     

Pollutant Concentration Distribution Behind Peninsular Models

IntroductionUnstable large- scale vortex structures are knownto exist in the wake region behind bluff bodies.Conventional measurement instruments such asPitot tubes,hot wires and light absorption probeshave great difficulties in measuring such unstableflows because they are single- point instrumentswhich will also disturb the flow.However,therapid developmentofelectronicsand signal analysistheory has greatly improved the ability of classicalflow visualization methodswhich were traditionallyonl…     

Experimental Study of Turbulent Wake Behind a Sine Shaped Island in a Shallow-Water Layer

IntroductionThe flow around bluff bodies has been studiedtheoretically,experimentally and numerically formany years[13 ] .However,most research has notconsidered the influence of bed friction on theflow.In coastal and estuarial regions,large- scaleeddies …     

以伴流均匀度为目标的艉部线型优化

以某3 100箱集装箱船（3 100 TEU）为研究对象,进行了以提高伴流均匀度为目标的船艉优化方法研究.采用软件Friendship中的Framework模块对原型后体进行修改,采用FLUENT前处理GAMBIT软件生成网格.在统一网格形式下,基于FLUENT软件平台对三型船体绕流进行了数值模拟和静水力参数、阻力及伴流分析,并采用船形特征值x-i对船形进行了U、V度分析.结果表明：max(x-i)对应的站号越大（从船艉至船艏依次编号）,伴流均匀度越好;靠近艉部的x-i值偏低有利于提高伴流均匀度.将艉部横剖面形状朝极端U形方向改的阻力仅增大0.61%,则伴流峰、伴流梯度、伴流不均匀性征即有明显改善.     

Experimental study on flow pattern of cylinder turbulent wake in a shallow-water layer

A series of experiments were conducted to investigate the wakes of circular cylinder in shallow-water flow. Using DP1V (digital particle imaging velocimetry) system, the detailed measurement of turbulent wake around a cylinder with diameter of 1 . 27 m was made under the condition of many different characteristic coefficients 5 . The streamline figures of wake flow have been given. The measured results show that the characteristic coefficient 5 is the unique factor deciding the flow pattern around a cylinder in shallow water layer and the value 0.45 is the critical value of transition from vortex street to steady recirculating flow. At the same time, the mechanism of cylinder turbulent wakes in a shallow water layer is given.     

圆柱绕流复杂尾迹的实验研究

本实验研究由两个或三个并排圆柱体所产生的复杂尾迹。其中一个圆柱被加热,流体尾迹中最高温度比环境温度高１℃左右,对湍流场影响很小。用Ｘ热线和一根冷线相结合的三线探头分别测量速度和温度的脉动。以一个圆柱尾迹的实验数据为基础,用位置叠加假设来计算复杂尾迹,并与实际测量结果比较,用以检查该假设在圆柱绕流复杂尾迹的适用情况。结果表明,利用位置叠加假设,可以根据该假设的实验结果来对复杂尾迹的平均速度进行描述     

低Reynolds数下单排方柱绕流尾迹涡型的LBM模拟

针对工程中遇到的周期柱体绕流问题,采用格子Boltzmann方法(LBM)对低Reynolds数下单排周期排列方柱的定常绕流进行数值模拟,详细分析了柱体后面的尾迹涡型随着Reynolds数的变化情况,并通过对不同Reynolds数下尾迹涡型结构的分析,得到了二射流、三射流和四射流发生合并现象的临界Reynolds数,其中二射流出现合并的临界Reynolds数与文献的数值模拟结果一致,三射流和四射流出现合并的临界Reynolds数则偏大,但更接近实验结果。     

Numerical simulation of the efficiency of mixing in heterogeneous microchannels with patterned surface potentials

The mixing of samples in heterogeneous microchannels with a periodically stepwise surface potential was analyzed numerically using the control volume method. The equations describing the wall potential and external potential were solved first to get the distribution of wall potential and external potential, respectively, then the momentum equation was solved to get the developed flow field. Finally, the mass transport equation was solved to get the concentration field. The simulation results show that the distribution of samples at the inlet of the microchannel determines its theoretical value of concentration, therefore, the pattern of the distribution of samples at the inlet and its corresponding velocity can be changed to get the desirable concentration of solute. The heterogeneous wall potential almost has no effect on the mixing of samples in two-inlet microfluidic devices. For three-inlet microfluidic devices, the comprehensive ability of transportation and mixing has an optimization when the ratio of periodic length of wall potential to the height of the microchannel is about 4.88. The above conclusions are helpful to the optimization of the design of microfluidic devices.     

人工岛群对弱潮区海岸动力影响的叠加效应分析

为科学评价人工岛群对周边海岸动力产生的影响,基于MIKE21数值模拟软件建立秦皇岛金梦海湾潮流模型和波浪模型,运用验证合理的模型计算人工岛(群)作用下的潮流场和波浪场。在对金梦海湾已建人工岛群影响下的区域动力过程特征分析的基础上,选取合适分析点研究人工岛间的相互作用。研究表明,由于莲花岛与海螺岛的阻流、导流和分流作用,潮流在海螺岛与岸线之间形成较大范围弱环流区,流速几乎为零,并在莲花岛与海螺岛形成的口门处及人工岛群外侧海域形成流速显著增加区域。这3处区域流场受人工岛群影响最大,其中海螺岛起到控制性作用。在人工岛群共同作用下金梦海湾潮流的变化不是各单一人工岛作用下变化的线性叠加,而有效波高受人工岛间相互作用的影响是线性的。人工岛群对金梦海湾起到很好的消浪效果,但却大大削弱了近岸区域的潮流动力。     

Numerical investigation of the effect of transitory strand opening on mixing in a multistrand tundish

In a multistrand, the outlet near the inlet produces short circuiting flow. This leads to the formation of dead zones inside the tundish, and consequently, the mean residence time decreases. In the present study, numerical investigation of mixing inside a delta shaped tundish with sloping boundaries was carried out by solving the Navier-Stokes equation and employing the standard turbulence model. To decrease the dead zone volume inside the tundish, the effect of closing the outlet near the inlet for a small amount of time and further opening it on the mixing behavior of the tundish was studied. The outlets near the inlet were closed for varying amount of time, and the transient analysis of fluid flow and the tracer dispersion study were carried out to find the mixing parameters of the tundish, namely, mean residence time and the ratio of mixed to dead volume of the tundish. An optimum closure time of the near outlet has been found, which yields best mixing inside the tundish. The numerical code was validated against the experimental observation by performing the tracer dispersion study inside a multistrand tundish and the reasonably good match between the experimental and numerical results in terms of residence time distribution (RTD) curves. The results obtained from the present study confirm the strong role of choosing the right time for opening and closing the outlets to get improved characteristics for the fluid flow and mixing behavior of the tundish. The educational version of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software PHOENICS was used to solve the governing equations and interpret the results in different forms.