链式STATCOM直流电压预测与专家控制

从功率平衡的角度分析了链式STATCOM直流侧电容电压波动,建立电容电压波动模型,基于该模型提出了一种积分复位预测方法,可准确预测直流侧电容电压波动.将电压波动预测结果从电容电压检测值中分离,得到电容电压的直流分量进行反馈控制,有效降低了有功电流指令中的三倍频谐波分量.为改善无功突变时系统的动态性能,对电压波动预测结果进行限幅,引入专家PI控制进行电容电压调节.在Powersim仿真环境下搭建了链式STATCOM仿真模型,验证了所提电压波动预测方法的准确性,对比了专家PI控制与传统PI控制的仿真结果,验证了所提控制方法对暂态电容过电压的抑制效果.     

一种混合双极直流输电线路保护新原理

应用故障网络分析方法,研究了混合双极直流输电线路可能发生的各种短路故障类型,并进行了故障特性分析。根据分析结果发现:当直流输电线路发生区内故障时,整流侧与逆变侧的暂态电压和暂态电流夹角的余弦值相同;当直流输电线路区外(整流侧或逆变侧)发生故障时,整流侧与逆变侧的暂态电压和暂态电流夹角的余弦值相反。根据该故障特征,可实现区内、外故障的识别。利用小波变换提取暂态电压、电流分量。另外,故障极的暂态电压和电流的积的变化量远远大于正常极。根据此特征,进行故障选极。最后,通过电磁暂态仿真软件搭建电压不对称的混合双极直流输电系统仿真模型,对其直流输电线路设置不同故障进行仿真,利用MATLAB进行算法的验证,结果表明该保护新原理的正确性及故障选极是可行的。     

新型直流输电系统改善谐波不稳定的机理分析

将三相不对称的交流电源用正序和负序电压表示,用傅里叶分析方法计算了正序和负序电压传递到直流侧的谐波电压的规律,将这一理论应用到基于感应滤波的直流输电系统,计算在交流系统故障时,直流侧电压谐波的数学表达式,比较在同样的交流系统故障条件下,基于感应滤波的直流输电系统在抑制直流侧谐波幅值方面优于传统的直流输电系统,最后参考实验室基于感应滤波的直流输电系统模型,对输电系统在交流系统故障下的直流电压谐波进行了动模实验.结果表明,由于在感应滤波换流变压器的第三绕组接入2,11,13次LC滤波器,使直流电压中含量高的低次谐波大大减少,直流输电系统谐波不稳定得到一定的抑制。     

配电网单相接地期间电压互感器直流偏磁机理及抑制措施分析

为解决单相接地期间中性点不接地配电网电压互感器直流偏磁,导致励磁电流畸变过电流,谐波、振动、损耗和发热增加等,造成电压互感器故障、一次侧熔断器频繁熔断和危害配电系统的问题。通过瞬时对称分量法求解了故障期间电压互感器励磁电流表达式,分析了电压互感器直流偏磁的产生机理,提出了一种考虑灭弧的直流偏磁抑制措施,基于PSCAD/EMTDC仿真软件搭建了中性点不接地配电网,针对单相接地引起电压互感器直流偏磁的影响因素及抑制措施的有效性进行仿真。结果表明,铁心饱和、故障相角是影响电压互感器直流偏磁的重要因素,所提措施能够有效抑制直流偏磁过电流的发生。     

交流滤波器断路器操作过电压防范措施

特高压直流输电系统中,交流侧产生12k±1的谐波分量,为限制谐波分量,进行无功功率补偿,需采用交流滤波器,以保证换流站交流母线电压的畸变率在允许的范围内。本文以奉贤换流站为例,根据交流滤波器断路器结构和现场配置,提出了交流滤波器断路器动作时操作过电压的产生原因,并提出针对性的改进措施。     

基于纵向阻抗的混合双极直流输电线路保护新原理

由于传统高压直流输电和柔性直流输电有各自的优缺点,为了充分发挥二者的优势,混合直流输电成为研究的热点。对由传统高压直流输电和柔性直流输电构成的混合双极直流输电线路的保护原理开展了研究,将阻抗的概念进行扩展延伸,提出了一种基于整流侧和逆变侧纵向阻抗的故障保护原理,利用PSCAD搭建仿真模型,利用MATLAB进行算法的仿真验证,该纵向阻抗是整流侧和逆变侧两端电压故障分量的差与电流故障分量的和的比值,利用纵向阻抗的幅值来区分区内外故障。区内故障时,纵向阻抗的幅值小于该极线路全长总阻抗;区外故障时,纵向阻抗的幅值大于该极线路全长总阻抗。该保护可以自行实现故障选极,故障极的纵向阻抗幅值小于整定值,非故障极的纵向阻抗幅值大于整定值。大量的仿真结果验证了所提保护原理的正确性,并可以实现故障选极。     

12脉波可控整流器的谐波抑制策略

提高12脉波可控整流器谐波抑制能力,提出基于12脉波可控整流器的直流侧谐波抑制策略。该控制策略通过在直流侧附加谐波抑制模块,改善整流器输入电流波形,满足不同负载工况下输入电流谐波抑制要求;根据12脉波整流器交、直流侧电流关系和直流侧理想电流波形,分析并给出谐波抑制模块的输出电压波形,并采用全桥逆变电路调节谐波抑制模块的输出电压。仿真结果表明,该策略能有效抑制整流器输入电流谐波。     

单相SAPF系统谐波电压检测与控制的仿真

为了改善用户侧电压质量与谐波问题,通过分析单相串联型有源电力滤波器(SAPF)的结构、原理及特点,提出了单相SAPF系统谐波检测的方法;同时借鉴单相SVPWM技术原理,将开关模式优化的SVPWM技术应用于单相SAPF系统中,提高了系统波形控制精度;利用Matlab软件,建立了基于上述谐波检测和系统波形控制的单相SAPF系统的仿真模型,并利用该模型对动态电压跌落与闪变等电压故障状态进行了动态补偿的仿真.仿真结果显示:本文提出的SAPF滤波系统不但具有良好的滤波性能,而且可以保障负载不受系统电压故障的影响,具有良好的工程应用前景.     

APF装置中直流侧电压和交流侧电感特性研究

并联型有源电力滤波器是目前常用的抑制谐波和补偿无功功率的电力电子装置。直流侧母线电容与交流侧进线电感是有源电力滤波器的关键元器件,合理的选择母线电容电压与交流侧电感电抗值,对系统补偿电流的产生有着较大的影响。文章理论分析直流侧电容电压和交流侧进线电感参数的选取原则,通过大量仿真验证比较不同参数对有源电力滤波器性能的影响,仿真结果对有源电力滤波器的系统设计有着积极的参考价值。     

静止无功发生器直流侧电压对无功补偿特性的影响研究

为设计静止无功发生器的直流侧电压,分析了直流侧电压的取值对补偿特性的影响,提出了直流侧电压的设计方法.该方法通过输出的无功电流设计完全补偿无功功率时所需的直流侧电压理论最小值,当直流侧电压小于理论最小值时,在正弦调制方法和非正弦调制方法下,分别通过功率因数和谐波电流设计直流侧电压,并且定量分析了在非正弦调制方法下保证电源基波功率因数为1时注入电网的谐波电流值.与工程应用中通过工程经验或者通过仿真来设计直流侧电压的方法相比,该方法可以定量地设计直流侧电压,减小了直流侧电压设计的盲目性.实验验证了所提出的设计方法的有效性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that