水合氧化钛固定化胰蛋白酶的特性

用简便的水合氧化钛螫合法固定化胰蛋白酶,其残活力可达99.2%,载体可以回收。固定化酶的最适pH为10.3比自然酶高两个pH单位。它的最适温度为55℃比自然酶高0.5℃,自然酶在90℃已完全失去活力,而固定化酶在100℃仍具有20%的活力。稳定性试验显示,自然酶在13小时内活力直线下降到零,而固定化酶在5小时之内活力下降55%,5小时以后下降缓慢,250小时仍具20%活力。     

魔芋花粉短期储藏技术及其活力特性研究

魔芋花粉保存对于杂交育种克服花期不遇具有重要的意义.以离体收集的魔芋新鲜花粉,通过萌发检测活力,研究了室温4℃、-20℃、-80℃、液氮(-196℃)条件下保存效果.结果表明:适宜魔芋花粉发芽的培养基为5%(w/v)蔗糖、200 mg/L H_3BO_3、400 mg/L CaCl_2和0.7%(w/v)琼脂,0.5%(v/v)甘油可防止花粉管干缩,稀释2000倍的有机硅有利于花粉颗粒在培养基上均匀分布.室温下花粉存活时间为10 h,4℃保存4 d活力变化不大;-20℃保存2d内活力急剧下降;-80℃在5d内下降较快,以后趋于平缓;-196℃保存具有"冷适应"现象,前期下降,后期上升,保存1个月以上仍有较高的活力.91个单株花粉(其中花魔芋26份,白魔芋15份,杂交魔芋42份,西盟魔芋4份,东京魔芋1份,勐海魔芋3份)在4℃、-20℃、-80℃、液氮(-196℃)保存(33.8±0.4) d,花粉平均发芽率为0. 6%、2.5%、11.1%、34.1%.因此,4℃是魔芋新鲜花粉储存1～4 d较好的方法,-80℃和-196℃储存30 d效果较好,珍贵的遗传材料以液氮保存更加安全,-20℃不适宜魔芋花粉储存.本研究为魔芋定向杂交育种实践奠定了基础.     

重组粘质沙雷氏菌几丁质酶C的纯化及酶学性质

为从已构建的重组大肠杆菌pET-22b-chiC获得高纯的几丁质酶C,通过降低培养温度,提高粘质沙雷氏菌几丁质酶C的可溶性表达.表达产物经镍柱亲和层析(IMAC)和Phenyl-Sepharose疏水层析(HIC)分离纯化后,得到电泳纯的几丁质酶.酶学性质研究表明,纯化的几丁质酶C为单体蛋白,相对分子质量为51.8ku;最适pH值为5.0,最适温度为55℃,在55℃的条件下保温4 h后仍有90%以上的酶活力.研究结果还表明,Cu2+,Hg2+,Co2+,Mg2+对酶活力均有明显抑制作用,而Fe2+,Zn2+,Sn2+,Ba2+对酶活力有一定促进作用,Mn2+对酶活力明显促进作用.     

鄂尔多斯高原碱湖钝顶螺旋藻SOD的纯化与性质研究

以鄂尔多斯高原碱湖特有的钝顶螺旋藻为材料,经超声破碎、硫酸铵分步盐析、离子交换层析及凝胶过滤,纯化得到SOD酶,经PAGE检测为1条带,所得酶液平均比活为2078U/mg,(总活力)回收率为19.9%.对SOD酶的PAGE电泳条带进行活性染色,亮斑清晰整齐; H2O2处理对照显示该酶活性明显受到抑制,KCN处理对照显示酶活性不受影响,初步判断为Fe-SOD; 又经金属元素分析,确认为Fe-SOD.经SDS-PAGE测定,亚基相对分子量为20kD,经PG-PAGE测定,全酶分子量为54kD,据分子量推断全酶应为三聚体分子.该酶在紫外区275.5nm有最大光吸收.在磷酸缓冲液中酶活力的最适pH为8.1,最适温度为25℃; 酶活性的pH稳定范围为5～10,40℃以上酶活力开始明显下降.酶在室温下存放9d后活力仍保持不变.     

重组耐高温α-淀粉酶的分离纯化及其性质研究

基因工程菌所产生的重组耐高温α-淀粉酶,通过超滤浓缩、脱盐和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳进行纯化,得到电泳纯的耐高温α-淀粉酶.并测得该酶的分子量为63 KD,等电点pI(室温)为5.5,最适pH为6.0~6.5,稳定pH范围为4~11.5.耐高温α-淀粉酶的最适作用温度为90℃,95℃以上活力下降明显,100℃保温30 min仍保留22%的酶活力;金属离子Cu2 、Fe2 、Fe3 、Zn2 及金属鏊合剂EDTA和柠檬酸盐离子对酶活有显著抑制作用,Mn2 、Mg2 有微弱的抑制作用,K 、Ca2 和表面活性剂SDS有微弱的激活作用,而其他一些离子如Na 、Li 则对酶活影响不大.     

红曲霉固态发酵产糖化酶及酸性蛋白酶条件的优化

从8株红曲霉中筛选出红曲霉MQ7作为高产糖化酶和酸性蛋白酶的供试菌株,采用固态发酵方法测定在不同发酵温度、底物料液比、大米和麸皮比例条件下的产酶情况.利用正交实验优化固态发酵产酶过程,确定该菌株产酶最佳发酵条件为:发酵温度30,℃,底物料液比(g∶mL)20∶25,大米麸皮比例(g∶g)17∶3.在此条件下,糖化酶活力达1,641.69,U/g,酸性蛋白酶活力达151.09,U/g.同时研究了NaCl含量对红曲霉酶活力的抑制作用,当NaCl质量分数达到18.92%时,红曲霉MQ7产糖化酶活力下降64.8%,酸性蛋白酶活力下降85.6%.     

假丝酵母(Candida sp. Jw4)的产脂肪酶条件及脱脂能力

从采集的家庭污水样品中,分离筛选出一株暂定名为假丝酵母(Candida sp.Jw4)的菌株.该菌株在含油的筛选琼脂平皿上生长良好,具有丰满的假菌丝.最佳产酶条件是:发酵培养基(g/L)为菜籽油30,玉米浆30,酵母粉2,K2HPO4 5,MgSO4*7H2O 1和CaCl2 0.2,pH 6.5,28 ℃.Jw4脂肪酶活力最适温度为42 ℃、最适pH 8.2.Jw4既可利用植物油也可降解动物油.在菜籽油(皂化值174.74)为250 g/L或猪油(皂化值185.10)为250 g/L的反应液中,加入粗酶液,分别使反应液酶浓度为10 u/mL和20 u/mL,pH 8.0～8.2,40 ℃通气振荡120 h,菜籽油和猪油分别脱脂达80%和73%.     

功能基化聚丙烯酸甲酯固定青霉素G酰化酶的性质

采用肽键法将青霉素G酰化酶固定在功能化的聚丙烯酸甲酯上得固定化酶 ,其最适pH为8.2,最适反应温度为70℃ ,该固定化酶在pH6～10和40℃以下非常稳定 ,表观米氏常数为1.48×10-2mol/L,最大反应速度为5.09mmol/s.33℃下水解质量分数为5 %的青霉素G,使用63次,酶活力保留79.4 %.在4℃的湿润状态下贮藏25d,酶活力保留97.6 %.     

羊心肌乳酸脱氢酶的纯化及性质研究

建立了一种较为简单、高效的羊心肌乳酸脱氢酶的纯化工艺,经硫酸铵分级沉淀及DEAE-Sepharose离子交换层析纯化,可以得到纯度较高的乳酸脱氢酶,酶的比活力达106.67 U/mg,纯化倍数达54.7,酶活力总回收率为48.6%.酶学性质的研究表明:其最适反应温度为50℃,最适反应pH值为7.8,在25~45℃条件下能够保持较高的酶活力,60℃后酶活力下降较快.1.0 mmol/L的Mg2 、Fe2 、Ca2 ,0.5 mmol/L的Ca2 对酶活力有促进作用;1.0 mmol/L和0.5 mmol/L的Cu2 和Fe3 ,1.0mmol/L的Ni2 ,0.5 mmol/L的Mg2 和Fe2 对酶活力有抑制作用;Co2 的作用不太明显.     

3种杜鹃属植物原生质体制备纯化条件的研究

以云锦杜鹃、西洋杜鹃、锦绣杜鹃的组培苗叶片为试验材料,研究了酶液组成、酶解时间、酶液pH值、材料生理状态对其原生质体分离效果的影响以及离心速度和离心时间对原生质体收集纯化的影响,实验结果表明:杜鹃组培苗叶原生质体分离最佳条件是酶液组成为2%纤维素酶+1%果胶酶,酶解总时间为14 h,酶液pH值为6.0;杜鹃原生质体收集纯化的离心适宜条件为1 000 r/min转速下离心6 min,能收集到大量有活力的原生质体,有活力的原生质体达79.27%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.