Nurse plant theory and its application in ecological restoration in lower subtropics of China

urse plants are those that facilitate the growth and development of other plant species (target species) beneath their canopy because they offer benign microhabitats that are more favorable for seed germination and/or seedling recruitment than their surrounding environment. Nurse plants have been mainly used to restore vegetation in arid and sub-arid zones in recent years. Based on summarizing the definition of nurse plant and target plant, we review the nursing effect mechanisms, ecological factors that influence nursing effect, relationships between nurse plant and ecological restoration. This review also brings forward possible pairs of nurse and target species at lower subtropical areas. Furthermore, we provide the potential tendency in nurse plant research and application.     

恢复生态学研究进展及在中国热带亚热带的实践

进行生态恢复是保证经济可持续发展的需要,更是人类生态的需要,作者从恢复生态学的产生及学科发展,退化生态系统的类型,退化生态系统植被恢复与重建技术,热带亚热带恢复生态学研究实践４个方面阐述了恢复生态学的研究进展及其在中国热带亚热带的实践问题。     

高速公路边坡植被恢复过程中植物群落特征

分析了高速公路建成后不同恢复年限边坡植物群落特征,结果表明:在不同恢复年限及原生植被中共有61种植物,分属18个科.不同恢复年限的植物群落在物种组成、群落结构、群落物种多样性及群落演替等方面变化明显.随着恢复年限的增加,植物群落物种组成逐渐丰富,物种丰富度指数、Shannon-weine多样性指数及Simpson多样性指数增加显著,群落层次向成层的方向发展,群落向进展演替方向发展.     

生物操控技术在景观水体生态修复中的应用

城市景观水体通常与外源水体隔绝;因缺乏流动性以及外源污染物的不断积累,导致水体生态系统失去平衡,逐渐散失景观价值.本试验应用循环增氧技术加速水体的混合,促进浮游藻类的生长及其对水体污染物的吸收,有望成为景观水体生态修复提供了一个新的组合手段.     

生长调节剂对边坡生态修复植物萌发生长的影响

利用不同浓度的赤霉素(GA_3)和根太阳药剂分别对披碱草和木豆种子进行处理,研究浸种对边坡生态修复植物种子萌发、幼苗生长及抗旱性的调控作用.结果表明:适宜浓度的赤霉素(GA_3)对提前披碱草种子的萌发时间、提高种子萌发率有明显作用,可显著增加茎长、缩短根长,明显使披碱草幼苗的抗旱性降低.适宜浓度的根太阳药剂提高了木豆种子的发芽势和发芽指数,对降低木豆幼苗的株高提高根系长度、增加分根数有明显作用.     

长春市街路园林植物生态效益的研究

通过样地调查得出:长春市街路树木折算为森林的面积为592.7 1hm2:街路树木的总叶面积为14112024 m2;花灌木的总叶面积为1249200.8m2;草坪的面积为860130 m2。根据以上数据对长春市街路园林植物生态效益评估的结果为:街路园林植物每年可吸收二氧化碳15750.1 t,放出氧气455.6 t,吸滞灰尘10815.7 t,吸收二氧化硫77.8。t     

我国石质困难地植被恢复与重建

对石质困难地进行植被恢复与重建是我国现代化林业发展战略目标的一个重要任务,是提高我国森林面积和森林蓄积量的重要途径,也是提高我国林业在生态环境建设、应对气候变化及生态文明建设中的地位与作用的重要手段。笔者总结了我国石质困难地的植被恢复与重建技术,指出了植被恢复与重建过程中存在的问题,并对我国石质困难地植被恢复与重建后的效益进行了深入分析。     

Vegetation Restoration Technique System and Its Ecological Functions of the Degraded Ecosystem in the Arid-Hot Valleys —— Taking the Example of Typical Mode in Small Watershed of Yuanmou

This paper concluded the vegetation restoration technique system in the arid-hot valleys and studied the anti-erosion function, environmental function and biological diversity effects of vegetation restoration on the ecosystem in the arid-hot valleys. The results showed that the soil erodibility decreased significantly after the vegetation restoration. The climate environment of the small watershed had a great improvement after the vegetation restoration, of which the temperature decreased, the humidity increased, the harsh environment of dry and hot in this region changed. The studies of the ecosystem biodiversity were mainly on the analysis of the relations between biodiversity and ecological function of the artificial ecological forest pattern and the natural enclosed treatment mode on the severely of degraded land. It could conclude that the natural enclosed treatment mode is helpful to the biodiversity of the ecosystem and the improvement and stability of the ecosystem, and Leucaena artificial forest restoration pattern reduced the species diversity but optimized the ecological function. Therefore, as to the severely and extremely severely degraded ecosystem in the arid-hot valleys, Leucaena pattern of gully control and natural enclosed treatment mode are the relatively optimal choices.     

植物群体边缘效应递减律及其意义

通过调查和试验 ,研究了 15种植物群体的边缘效应。结果表明 :在同一条件下 ,植物群体边缘效应的绝对值随水平边距递增而递减。这一规律应用于植物生产能够提高经济效益和生态效益 ,并将充实植物生态学的理论和指导植物生态工程的组建 ,具有重要的实用价值和理论意义。     

丽娃河受损退化生态系统的近自然恢复工程及效果分析

以丽娃河为例,针对其富营养化现状及河道特征,在传统环境工程治理基础上,构建立体植物群落和动物群落,实施近自然恢复工程,通过比较丽娃河在工程前后的水质和动植物群落的变化来验证近自然恢复工程的效果.研究表明,近自然恢复工程实施一年后,总氮和总磷分别降至0.41mg/L和0.03mg/L;叶绿素a降至7.86μg/L,水质从原来的Ⅴ类降至Ⅱ类标准(GB3838-2002),水质在很大程度上得以改善.除此之外,近自然恢复工程通过直接引入滤食藻类的底栖动物和鲢鱼鳙鱼,在调控藻类生物量的同时也在一定程度上增加了动物群落的生物多样性.实践证明,近自然恢复工程在丽娃河案例中是行之有效的,且耗资少,可以在城市生态系统近自然恢复实践中推广.     

功能性微生物在废弃矿山生态修复中的应用

采矿业是经济发展的重要推动力,但采矿活动后遗留了大量废弃矿山,极大地影响着生态环境。笔者基于矿山生态修复背景总结了目前废弃矿山存在的环境问题及常见生态修复技术,并根据矿山修复过程中微生物对土壤和植物的影响,将应用于矿山生态修复的功能性微生物划分为植物根际促生细菌、矿物质溶解微生物、固氮菌、根瘤菌和菌根真菌等5个类别,阐述了功能性微生物在土壤重构与植被重建中的重要作用。目前认为:微生物矿山生态修复过程中功能性微生物接种剂一直存在是最理想的状态,可以长期对生态系统起到积极作用,延长微生物接种剂的存活时间以及其作用发挥时间对废弃矿山的生态修复至关重要;针对不同类型废弃矿山生态系统的特殊性,开展废弃矿山微生物原位应用的相关研究,生产适合不同类型废弃矿山生态修复的功能性微生物,是废弃矿山生态修复亟待解决的问题;进一步揭示微生物溶解矿物的长效作用机制,保障植物的养分供给是功能性微生物在废弃矿山生态修复应用领域面临的挑战。     

吉林大学前卫南校区园林植物生态效益的研究

通过校园普查得出:吉林大学前卫南校区共有园林树木7879株;校园木本植物的总叶面积为427136.8m2;草坪的面积为200000m2。根据以上数据对吉林大学前卫南校区园林植物生态效益评估的结果为:校园园林植物每年可吸收二氧化碳1982t,放出氧气1444.5t,吸滞灰尘253.3t,吸收二氧化硫22.2t。     

固原市红庄林场生态恢复中存在的问题及对策

2004年至2006年,在进行"宁夏南部退耕还林(草)区鼠害综合防治技术研究"项目期间,通过对宁夏固原市红庄林场生态恢复中存在的问题进行综合分析,提出采用上层灌木和下层草本植物模式栽植地带性本土品种沙棘、冰草等,老龄化林适时做好更新复壮,协同采用灭鼠方法等综合对策.     

RACE理论研究及其在植物基因工程中的应用

cDNA末端快速扩增—RACE(rapid amplification of cDNA ends),是近年发展起来的快速有效的获得全长cDNA的途径之一。本文阐述了RACE的历史、技术原理、局限性以及新型的RACE技术,并且讨论了RACE技术在植物基因研究中的技术优势、应用现状和发展前景。     

甘肃省东南部植物分布新纪录

报道了甘肃东南部植物分布新纪录4种,即五叶鸡爪茶(Rubus playfairianus Hemsl.ex Focke)、三裂飞蛾槭(Acer oblongum var.trilobum Henry)、西南假毛蕨(Pseudocyclosorus esquirolii(Christ)Ching)和华中铁角蕨(Asplenium sarelii Hook.),并对其特征进行了描述。     

Characteristics of wetland functional degradation and its ecological water requirement for restoration in Yilong Lake of Yunnan Plateau

The wetland functional degradation can be described as the weakening or unbalance of the wetland functions under natural interference or active jamming, which makes the wetland unable to perform its unique functions or causes the weakening of these functions. By using fuzzing mathematics, this paper studied the grades the wetland functions and calculated their index values. By this quantitative method and based on the function index values, we analyzed the wetland function degradation and calculated the water quantity required to meet different functional needs in each season... Here we put forth three graded restoration schemes by integrating the ecological water requirement of different grades with the ecological restoration including water replenishing, water consumption and water pollution. According to the calculated model, the water level and water quantity for the low scheme are 1414.53 m and 1.30×10^8 m^3 respectively; 1415.38 m and 1.78×10^8 m^3 for the middle sheme, and 416.87 m and 2.14×10^8 m^3 for the high scheme.     

校园植物信息的数字化采集与教学应用

校园植物作为重要的教学资源一直在植物学、园林植物、树木学等教学中广泛应用．但由于植物生长内在规律性的限制,使其很难与教学过程同步,而观察校园植物的蜡叶标本在使用上也有一些局限,对教学影响很大．因此,我们采集校园植物的信息并数字化处理加工,形成了教学网站资源,在教学中取得了很好的应用效果．     

Functions of the Nurse in Romeo and Juliet

In this play, the author focuses on the significant functions of the nurse in William Shakespeare’sRomeo and Juliet. By making careful analysis of the characteristics of role, exploring deeply into the relationships between the Nurse and Juliet,the author has summarized the important functions of the Nurse as the following:the Nurse is essential to the development of the plot;she tells us the hint of the events either belongs to the past or will happen in the future;she also serves as a foil to Juliet and her determination to her lover;she is a comic character thus has played the function of enlivening the atmosphere.     

顺直河道低水生态修复理念与方法

顺直河道存在形态单一、生态退化等问题,修复河道的蜿蜒性是改善其生态环境的重要措施。针对多数顺直河道具有河宽受限、短期防洪为主等特点,提出在低水期通过设置生态修复建筑物以营造低水蜿蜒流动形态的理念;根据水动力和生态要求,提出蜿蜒河槽设计参数的确定方法,布置合适的生态修复建筑物以构建低水蜿蜒流动形态;结合顺直河道特点与修复目标要求,对低水蜿蜒河槽构建的应用前景作了展望。     

结合新疆天池泥石流防治模式的风景区生态景观修复对策研究

中国有众多风景名胜区位于小流域泥石流、滑坡、崩塌等灾害非常发育的山区,泥石流灾害对景观资源和游人的生命安全有极大威胁。在分析新疆天山天池自然保护区的泥石流灾害特点、总结前人泥石流防治模式的基础上,结合河流生态景观修复的理念,综合利用地质灾害遗迹景观资源,提出风景区泥石流灾害源区以保护自然生态景观为目的的生态景观修复对策,泥石流灾害区以防治工程防护泥石流手段和泥石流下游区以人工景观干预与自然景观相协调的综合治理模式,使风景区中的泥石流灾害得到有效防治并与景区景观资源有效整合。