干细胞研究进展及意义

干细胞研究是目前生物医学研究的前沿领域,本文以美国国家卫生研究院为对象介绍了干细胞研究的历史、最新进展,干细胞的应用和由此带来的伦理问题,以为我国干细胞研究提供参考。     

后基因组时代的结构生物学及蛋白质和药物分子设计

人类基因组计划完成之后分子生物的重点将从基因组转到蛋白质组。在后基因组时代结构生物学将十分重要它既要回答生命过程中的重大基础理论问题,又与重要疾病治疗,蛋白质工程,药物设计,抗体设计,疫苗设计密切相关。     

生物能量在生命体中传递的新理论及实验证实

我们从蛋白质的分子结构和ATP水解所放出能量的特征出发,提出了一个新的生物能量传递理论。并用新的哈密顿函数和波函数代替了原来旧的函数,用解析的方法求出了传递生物能量的孤子在其生理温度和它的寿命时间内能够传递过上千个氨基酸分子,于是它可能是传递生物能量的真正载流子。用解析和数值模拟的方法研究了这种传递生物能量孤子的特性和在生理温度300K时的热力学稳定性,证明了这种孤子在生理温度时是十分稳定的,它的寿命能达到300ps,可能是生物能量的传递者。再通过实验测定了在胶原蛋白和牛血清蛋白等(-螺旋蛋白的光谱特性及其在27-95℃范围内其谱线分布和谱线强度随温度的变化,把所检测的三个结果与能量传递的理论预示的结果相比较,发现它们完全一致,从而从实验上证明了在蛋白质分子中建立的生物能量传递理论是正确的。而理论预示的孤子是蛋白质当中生物能量传递的真正载流子。     

生物医学工程世纪之交新进展

本文介绍生物医学工程在世纪之交的新进展和发展趋向。     

生物医学材料及其产业发展前景分析

生物医学材料以其独有的医学应用特性推动了一个新产业的发展,成为经济的新的增长点。通过对生物材料特性的分析,把握生物医学材料产业的现状和动态,有助于制定相关的措施形成我国生物医学材料产业的核心竞争力。     

The human genome and understanding of common disease: present and future technologies

The study of candidate genes over the past three decades has yielded notable successes in common-disease genetics. During this time, however, interpretation of genetic association studies has been hampered by the use of clinical cohorts of inadequate power and insufficient information on genetic variation in candidate genes. The unavailability of highthroughput and low-cost genotyping technologies has also limited the scope of complex-disease genetic studies. More recently, however, the sequencing and characterization of variation within the human genome has revolutionized genetic studies and enabled full genome-wide scans for genes associated with disease. The identification of disease-associated (causative) genes has illuminated disease mechanisms. The translation of this knowledge into direct clinical benefit in diagnosis, prognosis and therapy for an individual’s disease still remains a challenge. Received 11 September 2006; received after revision 17 December 2006; accepted 18 January 2007     

The molecular role of the Rothmund-Thomson-, RAPADILINO- and Baller-Gerold-gene product, RECQL4: recent progress

The RecQ family of DNA helicases is highly conserved throughout evolution and plays an important role in the maintenance of genomic stability in all organisms. Mutations in three of the five known family members in humans, BLM, WRN and RECQL4, give rise to disorders that are characterized by predisposition to cancer and premature aging, emphasizing the importance of studying the RecQ proteins and their cellular activities. Interestingly, three autosomal recessive disorders have been associated with mutations in the RECQL4 gene: Rothmund-Thomson, RAPADILINO, and Baller-Gerold syndromes, thus making RECQL4 unique within the RecQ family of DNA helicases. To date, however, the molecular function of RECQL4 and the possible cellular pathways in which it is involved remain poorly understood. Here, we present an overview of recent findings in connection with RECQL4 and try to highlight different directions the field could head, helping to clarify the role of RECQL4 in preventing tumorigenesis and maintenance of genome integrity in humans. Received 31 October 2006; received after revision 4 January 2007; accepted 5 February 2007     

黄土与红褐色古土壤中粘土胶膜的形成及其意义

本文根据腐化植物体、黄土、古土壤等样品的Ｘ－射线衍射和化学分析等资料。初步认识到植物腐化能够形成多种粘土矿物,腐化过程越长,形成的粘土矿物越多;生物成因的粘土矿物主要以粘粒胶膜的形式存在,在镜下表现的是光性定向粘土;黄土中古土壤粘粒胶膜与生物胶膜类似,应属同一成因;生物胶胶膜形成在一定的植被和气候条件下,它可以作为重建古环境的追踪线索。     

E-cadherin和MMP-2在大肠癌中的表达及其意义

目的 探讨大肠癌组织中E-钙粘素(E-cadherin)和基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)的表达及意义.方法 应用免疫组织化学技术检测92例大肠癌及20例正常大肠组织中E-cadherin和MMP-2的表达,同时结合患者的临床病理资料进行分析.结果 E-cadherin在正常大肠组织中的阳性表达率为85％ (17/20),高于大肠癌组织中52.2％ (48/92)的表达率,两者具有显著差异性(p＜0.01).MMP-2在大肠癌组织中的表达率为71.7％ (70/92),显著高于正常肠组织中35％ (7/20)的表达率(p＜0.01).E-cadherin 和MMP-2的表达都与大肠癌患者性别、年龄无明显相关,但与肿瘤浸润深度、临床分期、淋巴结转移密切相关(P＜0.05);两者的表达具有负相关(r=-0.316,P ＜0.05).结论 E-cadherin和MMP-2与大肠癌的发生发展密切相关.E-cadhein的正常表达将显著降低大肠癌的浸润和转移能力.而MMP-2蛋白阳性表达则促进大肠癌浸润和转移.E-cadherin和MMP-2的检测可以成为临床判断大肠癌的生物学行为的重要参考指标.     

Cell-to-cell coupling assayed by means of electrical measurements

Summary The importance of electrical measurements in the evaluation of cell-to-cell coupling in heart muscle was discussed. The presence of gap junctions in heart and smooth muscle, and the implications of this for electrical synchronization and healing-over, was emphasized. Moreover, the modulation of junctional resistance by Ca, protons and cAMP was reviewed.Nur allein der Mensch Vermag das Unmögliche, Er unterscheidet, Wählet und richtet; Er kann dem Augenblick Dauer verleihen. Goethe     

eIF4E和 VEGF C在大肠癌中的表达及其意义

目的探讨大肠癌组织中真核细胞翻译起始因子4E(eIF4E)和血管内皮生长因子 C(VEGF C)的表达及意义.方法应用免疫组织化学技术检测46例大肠癌及20例正常大肠组织中 eIF4E和 VEGF C的表达,同时结合患者的临床病理资料进行分析.结果46例大肠癌组织中的 elF4E和 VEGF C的表达阳性率分别为91.3和76.1%.而正常大肠组织中 elF4E和 VEGF C的表达阳性率分别为10%和20%.eIF4E和 VEGF的表达都与大肠癌患者性别、年龄、肿瘤病理分化程度无明显相关,但与肿瘤浸润深度、临床分期、有无淋巴结转移有关(P<0.05);两者的表达具有正相关(r=0.347,P<0.05).结论 eIF4E和 VEGF C与大肠癌的发生发展密切相关,可作为判断大肠癌侵袭转移及预后的重要指标