具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

《老妇谭》中的人格三结构

弗洛伊德认为人格是包括了本我、自我和超我的一个整体。这三个部分互相影响,在不同的时间内,对个体行为产生不同的支配作用。《老妇谭》里康斯登斯一家,即:儿子、母亲、父亲,就代表着传统父权制社会一个家庭结构的三个层次。正是由于父亲这个"超我"角色对儿子"本我"这个角色的强权压制与左右,才让儿子满怀"厌父"情绪。母亲充当着"自我"的角色,她的调和很重要,但有时又显得软弱无力。     

基于QFD的工程机械维修性设计要求分析

 维修性设计是工程机械研究阶段必须开展的一项重要工程活动,而维修性设计要求的提出与确定又是后续各项维修性工作的前提与基础。简要介绍了质量功能展开(QFD)方法,重点论述了质量屋(HoQ)的基本构成;探讨了基于QFD的工程机械维修性设计要求分析过程,主要包括提出客户维修需求、确定维修需求权重、提出维修性设计指标、构造设计指标关系矩阵、构造设计指标——维修需求关系矩阵和得出维修性设计指标权重矩阵6个步骤。最后,通过运用该方法对某型推土机维修性设计要求进行了分析,得出了其维修性设计指标重要度排序依次为拆装性、模块化、标准化、简易化、可达性和易识别性。结果表明,引入QFD方法对工程机械维修性设计要求进行分析,在分析过程中将定性分析与定量研究有机结合起来,能够解决工程机械维修性设计要求分析过程中的复杂性与不确定性问题,并得出对维修性设计要求的有效评价,具有很高的实用价值。     

福州双杭传统商业街区特色与保护研究

在史料研究和实地调查的基础上,从街道与单体建筑两个方面具体阐述福州双杭商业街区特色.街道特色包括地理位置优越、文化底蕴深厚和街道形态独特三方面.对单体建筑,从平面布局、立面风格和细部处理等方面论述其中西合璧的风格特征.提出应从历史的延续性上提高对传统街区保护的认识,以及整体性、特色性、协调性和可持续性等保护原则.     

论法官审判的倾听与回应义务

要保证当事人富有影响地参与审判,倾听当事人的诉辩主张并对之作出回应,必须成为法官的审判义务。法官的倾听与回应义务具有公开性、平等性、亲历性、集中性、及时性等特点,其履行有利于当事人服判息诉、促进司法公正高效、维护司法权威、提高法官职业技能。受职业理念、职业能力、权能保障、职业道德、约束惩戒等因素影响,法官不履行该义务的现象并不鲜见,应通过理念塑造、素质培养、保障权能、监督查纠等措施解决这一问题。     

关于钢琴演奏技巧的探讨

钢琴演奏技巧是手指技术与音乐内涵的中介,是一种藏于心、显于行,只可意会的专业技术。因此,对于这方面的研究具有特殊的价值。要掌握这种技巧,演奏者必须对五指位置、手腕技术、八度练习、波音、装饰音、连奏断奏、手指的灵活、均匀、速度等进行有意识的特殊训练。     

几何机器人的研究与发展

 阐述了几何机器人的基本概念、数学构型、力学机制、工程应用、艺术设计及哲学思考。以几何机器人的科学研究为基础,提出以几何机器人为载体的MSEAP 研究与教育理念,即将数学、科学、工程、艺术和哲学融合于几何机器人的学习、研究以及应用,旨在修养形成数学家的逻辑思维、科学家的创新精神、工程师的实践能力、艺术家的美学视野、哲学家的普世情怀。     

汉语是卫星框架化语言吗?

Talmy在认知语言学的框架理论之下,对事件框架进行了描述,在对运动事件框架进行了分析的基础上,基于类型学的考察,他认为汉语属于卫星框架化语言,其主要依据是在汉语的在运动事件中,方式或原因内化在运动当中,而路径则由其他词担任,Talmy把这个过程称之为词汇化模式,国内严辰松也对这一过程作了比较分析;但笔者在对表路径的趋向词进行历史的考察后发现,在古代汉语中路径是内化在运动当中的,而这一特点正是另一个分类——动词框架化语言的主要特点。笔者认为造成这一现象的主要原因在于语言的语法化。文章将就这一现象作出了分析,探讨了汉语归属于卫星框架化语言的合适性。     

举例说明关于冲压模设计制造及应注意的问题

模具以其加工精度稳定,所加工零件形状复杂而著称,在国民经济各工业部门中,几乎都有冲压加工或冲压产品的生产,如汽车、飞机、拖拉机、电机、电器、仪表、铁道、电信、化工以及轻工日用产品中均占有相当大的比重。冲压模具种类繁多,归纳一下,主要有以下几种:冲裁模,弯曲模,拉深模,成形模,复合模等。     

癌症的精准医疗

 随着基因组学、生物芯片、下一代测序、大数据云计算、人工智能、生物制药等新技术的综合运用及普及,精准医疗尤其是应用于癌症领域的精准医疗,正步入快速发展阶段。获取、分析和利用个性化的癌症基因组学数据,将成为癌症临床研究,尤其是新药研发的关键,这也同时突显出可靠的分子诊断检测平台的重要性。本文综述癌症精准医疗的定义与意义、发展历史与现状、关键技术、挑战与展望等,并举例说明脑胶质瘤和结直肠癌领域精准医疗的发展现状。     

走向信息时代的信息工作

讨论了以Internet为代表的信息革命对信息工作的影响,探讨了信息机构进行业务机构、技术结构、人才结构、组织结构调整的必要性和迫切性,并就相关问题提出了一些见解,指出在走向信息时代的今天,信息机构应作战略调整,将网络化、数字化作为信息基础设施建设的方向,加强信息资源的建设,增强信息开发能力并使之产品化、市场化,形成知识为基础的信息咨询服务业。信息工作者必须加强学习,不断提高业务素质和技术技能,迎接信息时代的挑战。