水环境中新型污染物糖精的臭氧降解研究

从反应动力学及影响因素角度系统地探讨臭氧对糖精(SAC)的降解效果.结果表明:SAC的臭氧氧化降解反应符合拟一级动力学模型,温度为20℃,pH为7,SAC初始质量浓度为20 mg/L,臭氧投加量为7.9 mg/L条件下,60 min后SAC完全降解,总有机碳(TOC)去除率为82.34%.臭氧投加量增加有利于SAC的降解,但臭氧的利用效率降低;SAC初始质量浓度越高,反应速率越慢,但降解效果受臭氧投加量的限制;pH值由酸性升高至微碱性,反应速率大幅上升;反应温度由10℃升至30℃,降解速率提高164%;水中常见阴离子对SAC降解有一定抑制作用,其中HCO_3~-的抑制作用最明显,随后是Cl-和SO_4~(2-),且随着HCO_3~-浓度的增加而增加.SAC的臭氧氧化降解遵循·OH氧化的机理.     

Ce-MCM-41分子筛催化臭氧氧化水中腐殖酸

采用水热法合成铈掺杂MCM-41（Ce-MCM-41）介孔分子筛,并将其用于臭氧氧化水中腐殖酸.本文研究了催化剂投加量、铈掺杂量、反应温度和初始pH对腐殖酸降解及矿化的影响. 结果表明,腐殖酸在Ce-MCM-41/O3体系内可实现有效降解. 与单独臭氧氧化相比,Ce-MCM-41催化剂的加入可提高臭氧氧化腐殖酸的矿化效果. 催化剂投加量为100 mg/L时,催化剂具有较好的催化活性,反应60min,DOC去除率为70.58%（Si/Ce=80）;三种铈掺杂量催化剂的添加均能提高腐殖酸矿化效果. 在278 ~308 K实验范围内,腐殖酸溶液的DOC去除率和UV254去除率均随反应温度升高而提高.溶液初始pH为6.0~8.5时,DOC去除率随碱性增强而略微下降. 表明温度和溶液初始pH影响催化臭氧氧化去除腐殖酸的效果. 此外,还考察了添加Ce-MCM-41对含溴水臭氧氧化过程中溴酸盐生成的影响,与单独臭氧相比,1.00 g Ce-MCM-41分子筛的加入减少了46.94%溴酸盐生成. 结果表明添加Ce-MCM-41分子筛可抑制溴酸盐的生成. 因此Ce-MCM-41分子筛可用于提高臭氧氧化腐殖酸效果和减少含溴水臭氧氧化过程中溴酸盐的生成.     

微气泡臭氧氧化处理酸性大红3R废水的影响因素

为了研究微气泡臭氧氧化技术处理废水的影响因素,采用微气泡臭氧氧化技术处理酸性大红3R废水,考察臭氧投加量、酸性大红3R废水初始浓度和投加活性炭对微气泡臭氧氧化过程中脱色率、TOC去除率、pH值以及臭氧利用率的影响。结果表明,提高臭氧投加量或降低酸性大红3R废水的初始浓度,酸性大红3R废水的脱色速率和TOC去除速率均有所上升,但臭氧利用率下降。煤质活性炭对微气泡臭氧氧化具有较强的催化活性,能够显著提高酸性大红3R废水的脱色速率和TOC去除速率。臭氧投加量为48.3 mg/min、酸性大红3R废水的初始质量浓度为100mg/L时,处理效果较好。此条件下,处理30min时脱色率达到100%,处理120min时TOC去除率达到78.0%,TOC去除表观反应速率常数为0.015min~(-1),臭氧利用率始终高于99%。而投加5g/L煤质活性炭后,处理15 min后脱色率达到100%,处理120 min时TOC去除率可达到91.2%,TOC去除表观反应速率常数提高至0.037min~(-1)。处理过程中出现中间产物小分子有机酸的积累并继续氧化降解,使得废水的pH值呈现先下降后升高的趋势。可见,对微气泡臭氧氧化影响因素进行优化,可提高污染物去除速率及臭氧利用率,显著改善处理性能。     

MnO_2催化臭氧氧化模拟草酸废水

比较了单独臭氧氧化、MnO_2催化剂吸附和MnO_2催化臭氧氧化3个体系对模拟草酸废水COD的去除效果,考察催化剂投加量对COD去除率的影响,并建立和验证了草酸氧化降解中的独立反应式.实验结果表明:单独臭氧氧化、MnO_2催化剂吸附和MnO_2催化臭氧氧化3个体系对模拟草酸废水COD的去除率分别为4.94%、20.83%和44.44%.MnO_2催化剂最佳投加量为0.500 g/L时,COD(草酸初始质量浓度500 mg/L,初始COD质量浓度89 mg/L,反应时间1 h)的去除率高达85.87%,由于MnO_2催化O_3产生·OH,MnO_2/O_3体系对模拟草酸废水COD的去除率明显提高.依据化学计量矩阵方法,验证并确立了草酸氧化降解过程的独立反应式.动力学理论计算和实验结果均表明,MnO_2催化臭氧氧化模拟草酸废水COD的降解过程符合准一级动力学方程(R~20.9).     

活性炭负载铈催化臭氧氧化去除水中邻苯二甲酸二甲酯的研究

用浸渍法在活性炭上负载铈制备催化剂（Ce/AC）,并用XRD和SEM对其进行了表征．考察了Ce负载量、催化剂投加量对Ce/AC催化臭氧氧化降解邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMP）的影响．结果表明,Ce/AC催化臭氧氧化降解DMP的优化参数是催化剂投加量1.5 g/L,Ce的负载量0.2 %．在优化条件下,Ce/AC加入有利于催化臭氧氧化DMP过程中TOC的去除．质量浓度30 mg/L（pH=5.0）DMP反应60 min后的TOC去除率由以AC为催化剂的48 %提高到68 %,而单独臭氧氧化过程中TOC去除率仅有22 %．     

碳酸氢盐碱度对低温厌氧消化及微生物群落的影响

15℃条件下,通过投加不同浓度碳酸氢钠来控制厌氧体系的碱度,采用间歇实验进行厌氧消化研究。结果显示,碳酸氢钠投加量为0.10mol/L时,体系能维持厌氧微生物适宜生长的pH值,48h内COD去除率达到75.43%。继续增大投加量,COD去除率没有明显升高;随着碳酸氢盐碱度的增加,VFA浓度峰值升高,但积累的VFA降解速度减慢;高浓度的碳酸氢盐碱度可以缩短产甲烷的滞后时间,但最终累积甲烷产量受其影响较小;碳酸氢盐碱度的适量投加可促进低温厌氧消化过程中微生物的生长代谢,提高微生物群落的丰富度以及多样性。     

用高锰酸钠氧化法去除水中的苯胺

研究了高锰酸钠对水中苯胺的去除作用·实验结果表明,随着高锰酸钠投加量的增加,水中苯胺的去除率增加,在苯胺初始质量浓度为10mg/L,温度为18℃,pH值为6 8,反应时间为30min的条件下,高锰酸钠质量浓度为30mg/L时,苯胺的去除率达92 12%·水样的pH值对苯胺去除效果有较大影响,在强酸性及强碱性条件下苯胺去除效果高于中性条件,pH值为3时,苯胺去除率为97 55%;pH值为11时,苯胺去除率为96 33%·升高温度或延长反应时间对苯胺的去除均有正的影响·苯胺是通过高锰酸根和新生态的氧将其氧化成苯醌而去除的·     

强化混凝去除腐殖酸的试验研究(英文)

选用Al2(SO4)3、FeCl3混凝剂对腐殖酸的强化混凝试验表明,强化混凝对腐殖酸有很好的去除效果。pH值和混凝剂投加量是影响腐殖酸处理效率的主要因素,其中调整pH值更有效。Al2(SO4)3混凝的最佳pH值在5左右,FeCl3在4左右。Al2(SO4)3投加量为4mg/L时,DOC、CODMn及UV254去除率可分别达到69.7%、84.8%和96.9%。FeCl3投加量为5mg/L时,DOC、CODMn及UV254去除率可分别达到78.1%、89.3%和97.8%。     

活性炭纤维、二氧化氯及其联用工艺去除 2-MIB

采用液液萃取与气相色谱-质谱联用技术研究二氧化氯、活性炭纤维及二氧化氯与活性炭纤维联用3种方法对2-MIB的去除效果,考察二氧化氯和活性炭纤维投加量、溶液pH和底物初始质量浓度对目标物去除效果的影响。研究结果表明:ClO2单独去除的最佳投加量为8 mg/L,pH7时效果较好。ACF最佳投加量和最佳pH分别为20 mg/L和6.14。2-MIB的去除率都随其初始质量浓度增大而降低。ACF与ClO2联用工艺中二者投加量分别为1 mg/L和14 mg/L时,2-MIB的去除率可达88.2%,比单独吸附去除效果提高4.6%,同时降低30%的ACF投加量,此外,联用工艺对于处理低质量浓度的2-MIB更为有效。ACF吸附2-MIB符合伪二级反应动力学模型,粒子内部扩散是吸附过程的主要控制步骤,吸附可能是个复杂的非均相固液反应。     

复配混凝剂去除地下水中溶解性硅酸盐的试验研究

为有效去除水中的溶解性硅酸盐,以某溶解性硅酸盐含量高达50~60mg/L的地下水为对象,开展复配混凝剂去除水中溶解性硅酸盐的试验研究.结果表明:当Ca(OH)_2投加量为450 mg/L时,对水中溶解性硅酸盐和浑浊度的去除率分别为51.16%和74.8%;进一步增加Ca(OH)_2投加量可进一步强化溶解性硅酸盐的去除,但会引起出水pH值的大幅升高;FeCl_3对水中溶解性硅酸盐的去除率低于12.55%,但其对出水浑浊度具有明显的控制优势;MgO对水中溶解性硅酸盐的最优投加量为400 mg/L,此时去除率为14.53%,处理后出水浑浊度较高;FeCl_3复配Ca(OH)_2时,对水中溶解性硅酸盐的去除率超过60%,并且出水浑浊度低于0.65 NTU;FeCl_3复配MgO时,对水中溶解性硅酸盐的去除率可达75%以上;Ca(OH)_2复配MgO时,对水中溶解性硅酸盐的去除率最高达73.76%,较单独使用Ca(OH)_2除硅时(81.41%)有所下降.3种复配方案中,以FeCl_3复配MgO的方案为佳,在此方案下,当Fe~(3+)质量浓度为16.8 mg/L、MgO质量浓度为500 mg/L时,硅的去除率达76.67%,滤后浑浊度为0.83 NTU,同时出水pH值最低,可节省后续调整pH时的酸用量.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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