迭代学习控制理论现状与展望

迭代学习控制(ILC)作为智能控制的一个分支，经历二十多年的发展，无论在理论研究，还是在实际应用上都取得了丰硕成果，在过程控制中逐渐显现出其独到之处。对ILC算法和理论研究现状作了较为详细的分析，并且指出ILC存在的问题和研究方向。     

基于行为运筹的生产调度干扰管理模型

针对生产调度过程中干扰事件导致初始方案无法继续实施这一难题,采用干扰管理思想,结合行为运筹中对人的行为与感知的研究方法与优化决策的研究手段,从客户、企业管理者和车间工人三个方面度量生产调度系统的扰动,提出基于前景理论的扰动度量方法,构建字典序的多目标干扰管理模型并采用改进的蚁群算法进行求解.数值算例中,通过与全局重调度和右移重调度的结果进行比较,得出本文方法更加科学——生成的干扰调整方案对系统的扰动更小.     

Validation for decision support systems: Recent developments and findings

This paper reviews earlier work on the validation of mathematical models and modeling within Decision Support Systems (DSS), in particular where the DSS were developed to support operations management. The authors found that little validation was carried out in practice. With this work as a base, reasons for the paucity of validation are advanced and comparisons with DSS developed to support marketing management are made. The case for a more appropriate methodology of validation is advanced.     

Intervention and the management process: An action-based research study

This paper develops the argument that all attempts at tackling ill-structured problems may be conceptualized as a process of Intervention into the contextual management processes of a situation. An appreciative theory of managing is developed and an operational framework, the conversations model, is presented as an aid to the management of Intervention. An action-based research methodology is used to investigate the practice of intervention, and a case study described in which the approach was used in relation to problems arising in a computer-based accounting information system.     

Systems thinking,systems practice,and practical philosophy: A program of research

IfSystems Practice is to serve the cause of socially rational decision making, its understanding of systems approach must open itself up to the communicative dimension of rational practice uncovered by contemporary practical philosophy. This programmatic paper argues that building the bridge between the two traditions of systems thinking and practical philosophy is a key challenge to be faced by the systems community. A three-level framework of rational systems practice is suggested as a point of departure for a program of research.     

基于综合集成方法的武器装备采办风险管理

针对武器装备系统本身结构的复杂性和武器装备采办所面临的风险越来越大的问题,对武器装备采办风险的特点进行了剖析,提出了基于综合集成方法为指导的武器装备全寿命动态风险管理的观点,建立了装备采办综合风险管理模型,探讨了风险规划、风险辨识、风险分析、风险处理、风险监控等问题。     

可持续运营管理研究趋势和展望

可持续运营管理正成为运营管理新的重要研究领域.根据可持续运营已有文献和企业实践,本文提出可持续运营管理研究的分析框架并对所选文献样本进行关键词和网络分析、聚类,总结出可持续运营管理研究领域中的子领域.在此基础上从研究边界,研究视角和研究主题三个角度,总结和梳理出可持续运营管理的研究发展历程,即:"从内部运营到外部运营","从正向供应链到逆向供应链","可持续运营研究主题的演变",并进一步探讨已有研究中仍未解决的问题.最后针对已有研究的发展提出三个未来的研究趋势,即:"从供应链到价值链","正-逆向供应链集成"和"经济、环境和社会协同发展".以期能为可持续运营管理研究提供启示.     

Interdisciplinarity: Potentials and Challenges

Interdisciplinarity, as a concept and practice, is reviewed and related to a recent article (Romm, 1998) in this journal. Authors advocating interdisciplinarity for social research and problem solving seem to have diverse, if often largely implicit, epistemological, and other assumptions informing their proposals. Romm (1998) develops and advocates a critical and reflexive orientation for tying interdisciplinarity to action research and related endeavors. For some academicians, however, interdisciplinarity appears to be considered a relatively unproblematic pursuit of merely selecting appropriate methods. Significant issues and questions concerning interdisciplinary pursuits, particularly in academic settings, exist and are briefly explored, based on the experiences and perceptions of the author. Basic structures and processes found in fields such as action research/science and management systems often seem neglected and very much needed for interdisciplinary inquiry and knowledge construction.     

关于大陆"社会网络"研究的iView分析及知识视图

相对于期刊文章需经历较长的评审过程, 学术会议报告和论文能反映领域研究的最新成果, 考察某领域的旗舰会议并对其跟踪有助于较快地把握研究脉络. 简要介绍iView分析这一定性综合集成技术基本原理后, 将 iView分析技术应用于中国社会网研究学会的年会"社会网与关系管理研讨会" 这一社会网领域在中国的代表性会议, 探测当前研究概况、主要议题、主要研究人员等, 进而考察系列研讨会所反映的该领域研究的地域特性、学科特性、时代特性及研究趋势. 如此展示支持快速准确勾画研究主题的知识视图的定性研究中智能信息技术的应用.     

EVA考核,研发费用管理与央企创新效率

以2009年实施EVA(economic value added)考核这一事件为契机,基于研发费用管理视角考察EVA考核对央企创新效率的影响路径.通过双重差分模型和超越对数面板随机前沿模型实证研究后发现,实施EVA考核显著提高央企的研发费用正向管理水平,且通过研发费用正向管理这一中间渠道能提高央企创新效率,意味着EVA考核能够在一定程度上缓解央企创新方面委托代理矛盾.在进一步研究中,以微利或微增央企为切入点,发现高管进行研发费用正向管理时会兼顾企业利润总额,其目的仅是为了获取更高考核值.因此,EVA考核的激励作用是有限的.     

Distance Education: A Reflective Action Research Project and Its Systemic Implications for Higher Education

This reflective action research study examines faculty experience with distance education. Distance education has become increasingly of interest in higher education and is seen by many as the opportunity for systemic change in higher education. This study is a reflective action research project which examined the author's experiences teaching a distance version of a basic instructional design course at the same time as teaching a residential version of that same course. The examination finds significant faculty issues that emerged during the experience and specifically found concerns with the distance education learner. In the end, the study finds that as a tool for systemic change of higher education, distance delivery will have to engage faculty with their concerns in more substantive ways than they have to date. In essence, this study asserts that the current demands on distance educators are not motivating for traditional faculty members because of increased time demands, lack of traditional rhythm, lack of personal contact with students, and less evident interest among distant students in the areas that faculty value.     

创新研究系统隐性知识生成转化反馈环特性仿真分析

隐性知识反馈环结构是创新研究系统的核心结构,运用组织管理系统动力学理论,进行科研创新系统隐性知识生产转化系统仿真研究,以南昌大学系统动力学创新团队研究系统为例,分析确定该系统的隐性知识量、显性知识量、创新投资量、团队人员数和创新成果量五个核心变量,运用新建的逐枝建模和逐树仿真技术建立五棵流率基本入树模型及其等价流图模型.运用枝向量行列式新增反馈环计算法,计算出系统包含创新成果流位作用于隐性知识流入率的第一类反馈环五条,团队成员数作用于隐性知识流入率第二类正反馈环十条.然后,结合模型的仿真曲线和仿真数据,对第一类反馈环进行极性转移仿真分析和主导反馈环转移仿真分析,对第二类正反馈环进行正反馈环的作用分析,以及原始创新度低对这十条正反馈环的制约分析,并基于上述十五条反馈环特性仿真分析结果提出四条创新研究系统发展对策.     

Rhetorics and Realities in Public Service Organizations: Systemic Practice and Organizational Learning as Critically Reflexive Action Research (CRAR)

This article sets out to develop an argument and theory-in-practice related to organizational learning and systemic practice as critically reflexive action research (CRAR). It explores principles and concepts associated with CRAR, in the context of different emphases in understandings of and approaches to managing or working with change. The notion of epistemologies of practice is developed, as the basis for introducing on-site and off-site CRAR as interweaving cycles of managerial and organizational learning. A multilayered illustration of an improvisational CRAR environment, using principles of dialectical enquiry and critical learning theater, is offered. A diagrammatic analysis provides the framework for describing and reflecting critically on key CRAR processes. This is expanded with a consideration of possibilities for documentation that can assist with the validation of quality in CRAR processes and outcomes. This has relevance in the context of postpositivist action research at postgraduate levels or within project-based CRAR partnerships. This leads to a further discussion of principles and concepts, in the context of other literature and pressures on public services.     

Implementing and Evaluating Performance Measurement Initiative in Public Leisure Facilities: An Action Research Project

This paper addresses issues when implementing and evaluating performance measurement initiative. Applying action research, the study began with designing an innovative performance measurement system and applied the system in three public leisure centres in England during 2005–2007. It was found that, for practitioners in the public leisure sector, inclusiveness and simplicity are the most important criteria of a good performance measurement system. That is, not only does performance data need to be inclusive, the analytical process also needs to be simple and understandable. In addition, facility managers’ analytical skills and motivations for benchmarking are two factors determining the practicability of the system developed. Finally, while conducting a long-term action research, there is a need to continually communicate the actual and potential benefits of the change with senior managers. If they are committed and enthusiastic, it is easier to gain the support of other levels of the organisation.     

xmlTRAM +:an XML-based tool for management of requirements and architectures

Information systems have been increasingly used in all aspects of organization's business activities. These systems will inevitably evolve over time. The system development knowledge is a key to the understanding and evolution of these systems. As such, the system development knowledge is a part of the corporate knowledge that needs to be properly managed. In particular, the system requirements and architecture design are the most important system development knowledge. An XML-based tool for managing system requirements and architectures is introduced. The use of the XML technology allows the system requirements and architectures to be easily shared across the organization. The issues discussed include a conceptual model, a logical model and a physical model for the management of system requirements and architectures. In fact, this three-step development process provides a typical methodology for the development of XMLbased systems.     

Making learning critical: Identity, emotion, and power in processes of management development

In recent years, a substantial volume of broadly critical knowledge of management and organization has been established, but comparatively little attention has been given to the question of how the insights of such knowledge might be communicated or applied pedagogically. The temptation or danger, arguably, is for critical knowledge to be substituted for the content of “traditional management education,” with minimal regard for its contribution to processes of personal, social, and organizational development. The chief purpose of this paper is to put some flesh on the claim that critical theory can make an important contribution to the principles and practice of management education. After summarizing some key differences between “traditional management education” and action learning (concerning learning and personal experience), these differences are illustrated by reference to a case study, which in turn, provides a basis for highlighting the relevance of critical thinking for addressing problems and issues thrown up through action learning for managers.     

A History of the Action Learning,Action Research,and Process Management Association (ALARPM): From Brisbane (Australia) to the World Through Inclusion and Networks

Action Learning, Action Research, and Process Management Association (ALARPM) is an organization of volunteers dedicated to the international expansion of action learning, action research, and process management, through world congresses. It has existed for over a dozen years now, despite significant stresses and strains, and has successfully conducted five world congresses with a sixth one in 2003. This history of ALARPM shows that a small group can set out to be international and inclusive from the beginning, so long as it also develops processes to sustain itself internally.     

The Role of Action Research (AR) in Environmental Research: Learning from a Local Organic Food and Farming Research Project

We expand on the FMA model of inquiry elucidated by Checkland and Holwell (Syst Pract Act Res 11:9, 1998) and identify three kinds of research: interactive Action Research (AR), extractive participatory research, and traditional science, that were integrated into an interdisciplinary agro-environmental research project involving researchers from eight countries around the Baltic Sea. The research project held the goal of creating scientific understanding of the ecological, economic and social effects of the sustainable development of local food systems, while also having the explicit goal of implementing change in the studied systems. Based on our experience working as action researchers in the project, we highlight the role that normative goals and facilitation process competence play in complex interdisciplinary research projects. Our reflections focus on project design, including the relation between AR and other kinds of research when employed in a single project, and includes reflections on preconditions for stakeholder participation in AR projects.     

Occupational Health and Safety Systems,Corporate Governance and Viable Systems Diagnosis: An Action Research Approach

This paper establishes a theoretical basis for the implementation of governance systems in Occupational Health and Safety (OHS). This arose when a complex government organization reviewed the usage of its OHS computer system. This review precipitated several cycles of Action Research (AR). The AR allowed the recognition that the organization needed to define its OHS strategy, clarify its commitment to OHS, and examine its OHS systems in order to provide an effective OHS management and corporate governance system. As part of the review, a Viable Systems Diagnosis was done on the OHS function. It was recognized that Stafford Beer provided valuable insights into the information needs and communication flows of OHS information throughout this complex organization. Action research appears to be a particularly useful method for examining and implementing OHS management systems.     

Afterword: Toward an Emery Model of Management: Implications and Prospects of Emery Open Systems Theory

The afterword considers some possible implications of the ideas raised in the four papers in this special issue. Implications for three questions of current debate in systemic thinking are discussed—system ontology, the system-environment relation and the meaning of adaptation, and the role of action research within social science practice. The concept of an Emery model of management as suggested by Fred Emery in the 1960s is revisited and its contemporary relevance discussed in the light of these new contributions and the current state of management, and the possible basis of Emery Open Systems Theory in C.S. Pierce's philosophy of pragmaticism is canvassed. Finally, some questions are posed concerning the future of OST.