蜘蛛丝应力—应变行为的分子结构机理

利用激光拉曼光谱技术研究了大腹园蛛牵引丝、蛛网框丝和内层包卵丝的分子构象,分析了蜘蛛丝的分子构象差异对其应力-应变行为的影响,探索了蜘蛛丝优异力学性能的分子结构机理。     

大腹园蛛丝腺蛋白二级结构的圆二色性研究

用圆二色光谱研究了大腹园蛛各丝腺蛋白的分子构象、大、小囊状腺体蛋白的分子构象以无规卷曲和β-折替结构为主;而其管状腺、集合状腺、鞭毛状腺蛋白的 CD 谱均显示出有α-螺旋结构的特征。用计算法所得这五种丝腺体蛋白的二级结构中含有6.2%～13.9%不等的β-转角,这对蛛丝蛋白形成独特的结构起着重要作用。还研究了放置时间对这五种丝腺体蛋白构象的影响。     

蜘蛛丝拉伸变形行为的力学模型

根据大腹园蛛牵引丝力学性能的结构机理及其聚集态结构和形态结构特征，初步建立了以皮芯层结构为基础的蜘蛛丝拉伸力学模型，分析了皮芯层比例及结构对蜘蛛丝纤维力学性能的影响。以层状复合材料的拉伸变形为依据，分析了蜘蛛丝纤维的拉伸断裂过程与皮芯层性能间的关系。     

大腹园蛛对小鼠的急毒和亚急毒作用

按我国《食品安全性毒理学评价程序和方法》的要求,采用健康昆明小鼠,以灌胃染毒方法进行了大腹园蛛急性毒性、最大耐受剂量和亚急性毒性实验.结果表明:大腹园蛛粉对小鼠的半数致死量大于15g/kg.根据国际卫生组织的标准判定,该大腹园蛛的毒性分级为无毒.亚急毒实验显示,大腹园蛛组与对照组相比,体重和脏器系数变化及血液和生化指标均无明显差异,表明大腹园蛛粉属于无毒物质,这为大腹园蛛的活性开发奠定了基础.     

锦纶卷绕丝可纺性的研究

本文首先提出了锦纶卷绕丝的可纺性主要是由其自身结构一即结晶结构和取向结构所决定的观点，并进一步分析了纺丝卷绕速度、冷却条件。聚合物分子量．聚合物中的低分子含量等因素对结晶结构和取向结构的影响，最后提出了获得具有良好可纺性卷绕丝的方法。     

大腹圆蛛包卵丝的化学组成与物理机械性能

分析了大腹圆蛛包卵丝的氨基酸组成，包卵丝中极性氨基酸含量较高，小侧基氨基酸含量较少，利用SEM及计算机图像处理技术分析了大腹圆蛛包卵丝的形态结构特征，包卵丝的断面形状基本为圆形，包层包卵丝的细度约为内层包卵丝的2倍，并且外层包卵丝的纤维断面内有许多无规分布的纳米级孔隙，经冷冻干燥后，孔隙率增加了2倍左右，在此基础上，研究了大腹圆蛛包卵丝的拉伸机械性能，光泽和热性能，初步探索了性能的形成机理，大腹圆蛛内层包卵丝具有比其他功能蜘蛛丝和丝素纤维好得多的力学性能，其强度高，伸长率大，韧性好，包卵丝在光泽和热性能方面与蚕丝丝素纤维有一定的差异。     

大直径聚乳酸单丝初生丝的形态分析

研究目的:分析在大直径单丝喷丝口纺丝时初生丝的微观形态。研究方法:通过扫描电镜进行微观形态分析及热行为分析。研究结果:大直径聚乳酸单丝初生丝的形态具有明显的皮芯形结构,同时由于没有经过拉伸,对应的晶区部分没有充分结晶,在初生丝表面可以看出片状结构所占比例较多。结论与讨论:聚乳酸初生丝的形态结构符合液体冷却大直径单丝的结构特点。     

大腹圆珠牵引丝的结构与性能分析

以大腹圆珠牵引丝为研究对象,分析了蜘蛛丝的聚集态结构特征和形态结构特征。在结构研究的基础上,探索和分析了蜘蛛丝高强度和超收缩性能的形成机理。     

大腹圆蛛拖丝蛋白基因3'端克隆和序列分析

用PCR(Polymerase Chain Reaction)技术从大腹圆蛛主壶腹腺组织的基因组DNA和RNA中分别扩增获得编码拖丝蛋白基因的3'端基因序列,克隆PCR产物到pDrive载体,经PCR、限制性酶切筛选和序列分析后证明获得了蜘蛛拖丝蛋白基因两个克隆AvDS1和AvRS2.基因序列和氨基酸序列分析表明AvDS1和AvRS2具有拖丝蛋白基因序列和蛋白质氨基酸序列特有的结构特征,氨基酸序列中存在4个motifs-(A)n(GA)n(GFGX)n以及(GGX)n.AvDS1与基因库中已报道的蜘蛛拖丝蛋白基因序列同源性较低,而AvRS2与已经报道的Nephila clavipes拖丝蛋白基因组分-1的同源性可达91%,推测AvRS2是编码大腹圆蛛拖丝蛋白基因组分-1基因片段.比较这两个克隆的核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列,发现它们之间没有同源性.推测它们是同一基因的不同片段,或是编码大腹圆珠拖丝蛋白的两个基因组分. 明AvDS1和AvRS2具有拖丝蛋白基因序列和蛋白质氨基酸序列特有的结构特征,氨基酸序列中存在4个motifs-(A)n(GA)n(GFGX)n以及(GGX)n.AvDS1与基因库中已报道的蜘蛛拖丝蛋 基因序列同源性较低,而AvRS2与已经报道的Nephila clavipes拖丝蛋白基因组分-1的同源性可达91%,推测AvRS2是编码大腹圆蛛拖丝蛋白基因组分-1基因片段.比较这两个克隆的核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列,发现它们之间没有同源性.推测它们是同一基因的不同片段,或是编码大腹圆珠拖丝蛋白的两个基因组分. 明AvD     

丝胶蛋白膜的制备及其物理性能

以环氧树脂作为交联剂制备具有一定力学性能的丝胶蛋白膜。用X-射线衍射法研究丝胶蛋白膜的聚集态结构；对丝胶蛋白膜的热水溶失率和力学性能进行测定；并探讨了交联剂种类、比例对丝胶蛋白膜性能和结构的影响。结果表明，交联剂对丝胶蛋白膜的交联作用明显，引起了丝胶结晶形态的变化；并改善了丝胶蛋白膜的物理性能，交联剂PEGO10加入30％左右所制得的丝胶蛋白膜拉伸断裂强度和断裂伸长率较好。     

Molecular Fundaments of Mechanical Properties of Spider Silk

Dragline, framework and cocoon silk fibers of Araneus Ventricosus were used for this study. To investigate the microstructure mechanisms of stress-strain behavior of spider silk, firstly, amino acid compositions were analyzed and molecular conformations and crystallinity were measured with Raman spectra and X-ray diffraction respectively. The results showed that there were more amino acids with large side groups and polar ones in spider silk than those of Bombyx silk, and the amino acid distribution varied with different spider silk. The molecular structures were mainlyα-helix and β-sheet, and random coil andβ-turn existed as well. The proportions and arrangement of these conformations of dragline silk were different from framework and cocoon silk fibers. Microstructure was one of important factors of excellent mechanical properties of spider silk. Crystallinity of spider silk was very low, which implied that the roles of crystal on spider silk were not as great as other protein fibers.     

Nanoscale control of silks for regular hydroxyapatite formation

The control of nanoparticle shape is still a challenge for different hydroxyapatite (HA) preparation ways.In the present study,silk fibroin with regular nanostructures was firstly prepared and then emp...     

结晶法精制玉米须中植物甾醇

植物甾醇具有重要的食用和药用价值,研究了农业废弃物玉米须中植物甾醇的提取结晶工艺.玉米须经过皂化处理后,通过超声波辅助提取,得到的粗品经氯仿萃取后,通过正交试验确定最佳结晶工艺条件:粗品和乙酸乙酯以1mL∶1g的料液比在0℃处理12h,可得到植物甾醇的结晶,再滴加甲醇抽滤后得到植物甾醇重结晶,纯度为92.36%±0.33%(w/w).     

热处理对桑蚕丝纤维结构与性能的影响

文章以普通桑蚕丝纤维和经壳聚糖处理的桑蚕丝纤维为研究对象,对其进行热处理,研究热作用对其结构与性能的影响.研究结果表明,两种真丝纤维经热处理后均产生失重与泛黄现象,且壳聚糖处理真丝纤维较普通桑蚕丝更明显.热处理后,普通桑蚕丝纤维结晶度提高,壳聚糖处理真丝纤维结晶度下降,同时其纤维表面出现皱缩条纹.经壳聚糖处理的真丝纤维更易老化.     

Structure and Properties of Silk Fibers Grafted with Vinyl Siloxane Monomer

IntroductionSilk are used extensively in textile field because of itsexcellent characteristics , but silk crease and yellow easily .Grafting of silk fibers with vinyl monomers is considered asan effective method to substantially i mprove its intrinsicproperties . The most popular vinyl monomers currently usedare methyl methacrylate[1 ,2], hydroxypropyl methacrylate[3]and methacrylamide[4]etc .. The properties of silk fibersgrafted with these monomers were i mproved . But thephysical propertie…     

丝素包埋SPA成膜的理化性能和生物效应研究

研究将丝素溶液包埋金黄色葡萄球菌A蛋白(staphylococcal protein A)(简称A蛋白或SPA ),制成不溶性SPA丝素膜.用粘附生长因子RGD(序列为GLY-ARG-GLY-ASP-SER-PRO-L YS)的抗体IgG结合IgG到该丝素膜的表面,再将RGD结合到不溶性SPA丝素膜表面RGD抗体IgG 上,制备成RGD-IgG-SPA丝素膜.用酶联免疫吸附试验(简称ELISA)方法,证明RGD-IgG -SPA丝素膜是稳定的.种植培养血管内皮细胞(vascular endothelial cell,简称EC细胞) 于该改性丝素膜的表面,用四甲基偶氮唑盐比色方法(简称MTT法)检测细胞的生长,证明改性丝素膜能有效地促进EC细胞的生长.     

Examination of Subunit Composition of Bombyx Mori Silk Fibroin

Main subunits of the silk fibroin were separated by GFC(gel filtration chromatography)technigue.The nativesilk fibroin and α,c subunits were measured by gel elec-trophoresis.The aminoacid compositions of the nativesilk fibroin and α,c subunits were analyzed by means ofaminoacid measurement.Some properties of silk was inter-preted in view of subunit composition of silk fibroin.     

Fine Structure of Regenerated Silk Fibroin Solids

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The Mechanism of Negative-ion Generation of Natural Fiber Fabrics

Generally there are three kinds of substances used as negative-ion generator in textiles, natural silicate minerals （ceramic/tourmaline）, natural rare-earth minerals and natural sediment with ultra-fine pores. Based on different additive, the mechanism of negative-ion generation is largely divided into three kinds, the piezoelectricity and pyroelectricity of tourmaline crystal, air ionization caused by low-level radiation and breaking up of the clusters of moisture in air when going through the ultra-free pores of natural sediment. In this paper, the negative-ion generating properties of natural fiber fabrics-cctton, wool, silk and linen were first proposed. By some kind of physical stimulation, rubbing or vibrating, natural fiber fabrics without any additive could also emit negative ions. Considering that the piezoelectric effect was observed in wool fibers, silk fibers and cellulose fibers, the piezoelectricity was studied as a mechanism of negative-ion generation of natural fiber fabrics. Another possible mechanism was the tribeelectricity produced by the sense of ntbbtng or vibrating and tip discharge of hairiness. The Final experiment results verified that the latter would be the main reason, and the electrolytic dissociation of moisture was also contributing to negative-ion generation.     

成丝的速度与方式和蜘蛛丝力学性能的关系

为了分析蜘蛛丝的力学性能和成丝条件间的关系,研究了不同速度下人工卷取的蜘蛛牵引丝以及蜘蛛垂直下落时分泌的牵引丝的力学性能.研究结果表明,随着卷取速度的增大,蜘蛛丝的断裂强度有一极大值,在高速卷取时强度的变化较低速时平缓.垂直下落时蜘蛛分泌的牵引丝的综合力学性能优异,但断裂强度不一定大于人工卷取的丝.成丝速度和成丝方式都对蜘蛛丝的性能有很大影响.