耐低温稠油乳化降粘剂及其O/W型乳状液流变性研究

依据稠油乳化降粘机理和表面活性剂配伍技术 ,开发出适于大庆黑帝庙稠油的耐低温乳化降粘剂 ,对其O/W型乳状液流变性进行了研究 ,室内实验结果表明 ,低温 (15℃ )下 ,降粘剂浓度为0.5 %时 ,对黑帝庙稠油降粘率达94 %以上 ,在剪切速率为10～1000s -1范围内 ,不同油水比条件下形成的乳状液均显示剪切变稀型的假塑性流体特征     

新滩油包水型稠油加剂降粘效果及微观分析

胜利新滩油田的油包水(W/0)型稠油的常温粘度高、流动性差、集输能耗大,必须对其进行降粘处理,否则难以集输基于新滩从70型稠油加剂后的降粘效果与稳定性,采用复配技术研制其反相降粘剂VRKD18该剂为两种非离子表面活性剂的复合体系,其使用与储存方便,对新滩w/0型稠油的降粘效果显著,可使其50℃51s^-1下的表观粘度由7000~11000mPa·S降到100mPa·S以下.采用影像分析技术,观测与分析新滩W/0型稠油的加剂反相过程、微观结构及液滴粒径分布,进而探讨其降粘机理结果表明,新滩W/O型稠油在VRKD18剂作用下可自发反相,其粘度降低主要是由于VRKD18剂改变了其内外相结构、分散液滴相互作用的大小及方式,这为其集输工艺的更新莫定了基础     

一种稠油降粘剂的研制与应用

利用自制的丙烯酸高级酯单体与其它单体共聚合成了一种新型油溶性聚合物降粘剂马来酸酐 苯乙烯 丙烯酸高级酯三元共聚物 .研究了该共聚物的合成工艺以及单体配比、加入量、相对分子量、加入温度等因素对降粘剂的降粘效果的影响 ,获得了最佳合成工艺 .将该降粘剂用于吐玉克稠油泵上掺稀举升工艺 ,加入量为 1 0 0～ 2 0 0mg/ 1 ,在稀油掺入量比原来降低 50 %以上时仍能维持正常生产 ,对该稠油具有明显降粘效果 .     

一种高效降粘添加剂研制成功

利用褐煤(油页岩)制取稠油掺水降粘添加剂的开发研究于1990年2月21日在我校(华东)通过专家鉴定。专家们认为,这种新型高效降粘添加剂在国内外尚属首创,并且已经实践证实降粘效果和经济效益都十分显著。 这项研究成果是炼制系杨秋水、曹重远教授领导的科研组取得的。他们自1984年开始经过了几年的实验室大量工作,此后在山东省龙口矿务局等有关单位的协助下,终于建成一套中试装置,加工出的产品在胜利油田单家寺稠油热采矿进行单井地面管输的现场应用试验,这种命名为“GY-1型添加剂”在一定的油水比时,添加量若为0.27%左右,管输压力降就可减少50%以上,这一明显的效果令人振奋。由于实验开发的转化技术和产品应用效果,中试     

一种稠油降粘剂的研制与应用

利用自制的丙烯酸高级酯单体与其它单体共聚合成了一种新型油溶性聚合物降粘剂马来酸酐－苯乙烯－丙烯酸高级酯三元共聚物。研究了该共聚物的合成工艺以及单体配比、加入量、相对分子量、加入温度等因素对降粘剂的降粘效果的影响，获得了最佳合成工艺。将该降粘剂用于吐玉克稠油泵上掺稀举升工艺，加入量为１００～２００ｍｇ／ｌ，在稀油掺入量比原来降低５０％以上时仍能维持正常生产，对该稠油具有明显降粘效果。     

稠油油溶性降粘剂的合成与分析

分析油溶性降粘剂的降粘机理,研究不同单体(丙烯酸十八酯、苯乙烯、马来酸酐)对降粘效果的影响,并通过控制单体比例,设计并合成多种三元共聚物型油溶性降粘剂.测试结果表明：当单体比例不同时,效果差距明显;当单体比例为6∶2∶1时,可以得到效果较好的产品;当降粘剂浓度在0.01%时,降粘率达到40%以上,并在较长的一段时间内效果稳定.     

稠油油溶性降粘剂的合成与评价

本文采用丙烯酸十八酯(SA)、苯乙烯(S)、顺丁烯二酸酐(MAH)、丙烯酰胺衍生物(AA)作为聚合反应的单体,通过溶液聚合的方法合成一种油溶性四元聚合物SSAM。本文在实验中探讨温度、时间和反应物的配比等因素对降粘效果的影响。结果表明：降粘剂加入量为700μg.g-1时,在50℃使春晖稠油的表观粘度下降70%以上,净降粘率到达了40%,有良好的降粘效果。     

超稠原油降粘剂的合成及其应用性能

从超稠原油内部复杂的结构组成出发．针对高含量氮化物是造成辽河超稠油粘度大的原因,合成了含氮聚合物型降粘剂,并采用红外光谱仪和核磁共振波谱仪对其进行了表征。结果表明,该降粘剂对超稠原油降粘效果显著．降粘率达到65％以上。结合两种超稠原油不同剪切速率下粘度与温度的关系．对不同稠油体系的流动模型进行预测,通过对辽河超稠油粘温预测模型的应用性能验证．证实了预测模型的相关性达到0．987。并将粘度、剪切速率和温度3参数关系进行三维模拟分析．得到了更全面、更直观的体现不同剪切状态下的粘温关系图。     

河南特稠油降黏剂及其性能研究

针对河南特稠油开采难题研制出耐高温复合降黏剂WP,其既可随高温蒸汽注入井下实现蒸汽吞吐、蒸汽驱采油,也可随热水注入井下达到热水驱采油,能有效降低油水界面张力,其所形成的特稠油乳状液在高温和常温下均能保持低黏度和均匀稳定性,为实现特稠油乳化降黏低温开采和常温输送提供了依据.实验结果表明:WP加入量为0.128 mg(以每克特稠油计)时,30 ℃时可使2#河南特稠油的黏度由252.0 Pa·s降至其乳状液时的9.6 mPa·s,降黏率达99.99%;考察了WP的耐高温性能以及影响WP表面性能和降黏性能的因素,并初步探讨了其表面性能和降黏性能的关系,对WP的降黏机理及其所形成特稠油乳状液的稳定机理也进行了探讨.     

新型耐温稠油降黏剂的制备与评价

为研制耐温稠油降粘剂,以丙酮作溶剂,采用氯乙酸法合成了氧乙烯链节数分别为4、6、8、10、15的5种壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚乙酸盐（以OPC-n表示,其中n表示氧乙烯链节数）,评价了这些表面活性剂对取自胜利油田、辽河油田的7种稠油的乳化降粘性能。结果表明,OPC-8的降粘能力最好,当质量分数为0.03%~0.1%时, 7种稠油的降粘率均高于90%。该降粘剂具有较高的耐温能力,在300℃下加热3h,其浓度没有发生明显变化。对特稠油和超稠油的开采具有指导意义。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has