Experimental Study on Noise Reduction of Punch Press

To reduce the noise of punch press during the punching process, the polyurethane elastomer is used as the damping material. The experiments of reducing noise were made by means of adding the polyurethane elastomer at different positions of 100 kN and 1 000 kN punch press. The better effect of reducing the noise was obtained. With the research and analysis of a large number of test data, the ＂equivalent damping hypothesis＂ is put forward. The hypothesis makes the experiment of reducing noise be more simple and cost effective. This method would be exploited in area of vibration control and reducing noise.     

Reaction Sintering of Fe-Al Powder Mechanically Activated

The mixture of Fe and Al powder was mechanically activated and sintered to study a non-melting method of producing the intermetallics Fe₃Al. High-energy ball milling was used as an activation method, X-ray diffraction and SEM were chosen to analyze the materials variation before and after activation and sintering, and hot press of Fe-Al powder was inveshgated to compare mechanical activation with sintering. The results show that combining mechanical activation with reaction sintering can complete the transformation from pure Fe and Al powder to intermetallics. It is difficult to do the transformation by either mechanical activation or hot press.     

Inauguration Ceremony for Newly Named Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University

The newly re-named Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University was officially introduced to the press and the public at the Great Hall of the People on September 5, 2006. The government of China in recent years has pursued aggressively a policy to d…     

The test device for heat friction coefficient of high strength steel

Using high strength steel and ultra-high strength steel in hot stamping and automobile parts is one of the most important ways of the automobile lightweight,which is the development trend of automobiles currently.In this paper, the development of test device for heat friction coefficient by high strength steel can provide important technical parameters for hot stamping process,making the right selection of equipment types,mold design,technology optimization,and research and development of lubrication medium of press forming.At the same time,the experiments indicate that the instrument has not only accurate test result but also good repeatability.     

Application of Acid Dyestuffs with Different Molecule Structure in Combined Dyeing and Finishing of Cotton Fabric

Simultaneous dyeing and durable press finishing of cotton fabrics with acid dyes bearing the different molecule structure and durable press finishing agent （DP agent abbr. ） based on modified DMDHEU were investigated by using the pad-dry-cure process. Some factors affecting the process, such as structure of acid dyes, DP agent, catalysts and curing temperature were discussed. The dyed and finished fabrics were evaluated with respect to color strength, fixation, crease recovery angle, breaking strength and fastness properties. The results indicate that structure of acid dyes has a striking effect on the color strength of dyed and finished cotton fabric. The color strength and dry crease recovery angle of dyed and finished cotton fabric increases, whereas breaking strength decreases with increasing concentration of DP agent. It is necessary for ammonium nitrate to serve as catalyst. It is found that relatively satisfactory properties of dyed and finished cotton fabric can be obtained with appropriate adjustment of treating conditions.     

Analysis of the Reliability of the Dissected Frame of Heavy Equipment

<正>Introduction The large-scale frame has many industrial applications. It is one of the most important components used in rolling, die forging, extrusion, and free forging. How-ever, once the frame can no longer perform its function, the whole press must be discarded[1]. The conversion of immense force and energy is accomplished within     

Light weight replacement and the optimization design of bumper beam based on crash safety

Bumper beam is one of the key structural parts, which plays an important role in the frontal crashes of automobile. With the global trend of light-weighted automotive parts, the light weight of bumper beam attracts extensive attention of automobile manufacturers, and hot stamping technology with significant weight advantage has become one of the main light weight measures for bumper beam. The quasi-static press, low speed crash and frontal crash simulation models of bumper beam were established according to its actual working con- ditions in the automobile crashes. The feasibility of replacing normal steel bumper beam with hot stamping bumper beam was analyzed. Meanwhile, the stiffeners in the front face of hot stamping bumper beam were optimized with topography optimization in order to further improve its performances.     

Small Cell Layouts Based on Accounting Product Demand and Operating Sequences

Most current cell layout methods do not take into account the product demand and operating sequences, and may be too sophisticated for facilities with a relatively small number of products. A specific method for designing small manufacturing cells was developed especially for the press production lines,which is computationally simple, and yet considers product demand and the operating sequences. A simulated application illustrates the robustness of the layouts to demand changes. The method uses simple rules and database tools, so it is accessible to a wide range of facilities.     

Fatigue behavior of press hardened Al-Si coated high strength steel

The fatigue behavior of press hardened Al-Si coated high strength steel has been investigated, and the fatigue strength turns out to be about 1 000 MPa. Surface morphology of fractured and non-fractured specimen has been observed, and the coating shows significant influence on the fatigue behavior. The difference of elastic modulus between coating and substrate led to the main cracks perpendicular to the loading direction. The coating close to fracture exfoliated thinly, while the coating far away from the fracture kept integrated. Though the specimen was polished to obtain high surface quality, 3 types of cracks occurred during the fatigue test. What＇ s more, inclusion particles were proved to play a crucial role in causing these cracks.     

Measurement of the Average Molecular Weight of Cotton Cellulose Crosslinked by a Polycarboxylic Acid at Different pH Using Multiple Angle Light Scattering Photometer in a DMAc/LiCl Solvent System

Durable press finishing of cotton fabrics with polycarboxylic acid increases fabric wrinkle-resistance at the expense of its mechanical strength. Severe tensile strength loss is the major disadvantage for wrinkle resistant cotton fabrics. Tensile strength loss of cotton fabric crosslinked by a polycarboxylic acid can be attributed to depolymerization and crosslink of cellulose molecules. Measurement of the molecular weight of cotton fabric before and after crosslinked by polycarboxylic acids can offer a possibility of direct understanding of the depolymerization. In this research, a multiple angle laser light scattering photometer was used to determine the absolute molecular weight of cotton fabric treated with BTCA at different pH and then hydrolyzed with 0.5 M NaOH solution at 50℃ for 144 h. The results indicate that average molecular weights of cotton fabric treated with polycarboxylic acids at different pH are almost the same.     

The effect of laser surface texturing on the tribological performance of different Sialon ceramic phases

A tribological performance was carried out on different types of hot press Sialon ceramics regarding the phases, i.e., the α-Sialon phase, the β-Sialon phase, and the α/β-Sialon composite phase. The different phases of Sialon ceramics were analyzed by XRD patterns. For the tribological performance, the Sialon ceramics were laser textured and the starved lubrication method was applied with different dimple pitches under a load of 10 N at room temperature. The material having a dimple pitch of 200 mm shows the lowest coefficient of friction. The α/β-Sialon composite phase shows the least coefficient of friction i.e. 0.04 and 0.1 for the textured and polished(without being textured) samples, respectively. The Sialon ceramics show mild wear and therefore, the wear rate of the steel ball(mating partner) was taken into account for the wear analysis. The α-Sialon phase having a higher hardness shows the least wear in comparison to the α/β-Sialon composite phase and the β-Sialon phase.     

Mechanism of Citric Acid Crosslinking in Cotton Fabrics

Citric acid (CA), which is cheap and nontoxicity, was regarded as the most likely formaldehyde - free durable press finishing reagent to be commercialized. To improve the drawbacks of CA finishs such as yellowing and less durability to home laundering, further research should be done. In this paper, a method had been found to differentiate ester crosslinkings from ester attachments on CA treated fabric and the variations of both ester crosslinkings and ester attachments under different curing conditions were also studied.     

Semisolid die forging process,microstructures and properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy mobile telephone shells

A semisolid slurry of AZ31 magnesium alloy was prepared by vibrating wavelike sloping plate process, and the semisolid die forging process, microstructures, and properties of the magnesium alloy mobile telephone shell were investigated. The semisolid forging process was performed on a YA32-315 four-column universal hydraulic press. The microstructures were observed by optical microscopy, the hardness was analyzed with a model 450SVD Vickers hardometer, the mechanical properties was measured with a CMT5105 tensile test machine, and the fractograph of elongated specimens was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results reveal that with the increase of die forging force, the microstructures of the product become fine and dense. A lower preheating temperature and a longer dwell time are favorable to the formation of fine and dense microstructures. The optimum process conditions of preparing mobile telephone shells with excellent surface quality and microstructures are a die forging force of 2000 kN, a die preheating temperature of 250℃, and a dwell time of 240 s. After solution treatment at 430℃ and aging at 220℃ for 8 h, the Vickers hardness is 61.7 and the ultimate tensile strength of the product is 193 MPa. Tensile fractographs show the mixing mechanisms of quasi-cleavage fracture and ductile fracture.     

Synthesis of novel superhard materials under ultrahigh pressure

Superhard materials are solids whose Vickers hardness is beyond 40 GPa. They have wide applications in industry such as cutting and polishing tools, wear-resistant coatings. Most preparations of superhard materials are conducted under extreme pressure and temperature conditions, not only for scientific investigations, but also for the practical applications. In this paper, we would introduce the recent progress on the design and preparations of novel superhard materials, mainly on nanopolycrystalline diamond, B–C–N superhard solid solutions, and cubic-Si3N4/diamond nanocomposites prepared under ultrahigh pressure and high temperature（HPHT）, using multi-anvil apparatus based on the hinged-type cubic press. Bulk materials of all these superhard phases have been successfully synthesized and are systematically tested. We emphasize that ultra-HPHT method plays an important role in the scientific research and industrial production of superhard materials. It provides the driving forces for the light elements forming novel superhard phases as well as the way for sintering high-density nanosuperhard materials.     

Analysis on the Feminine Psychological Need in the Marriage from Susan＇s Tragic Fate

Doris Lessing is a famous British female writer.Her short fiction to room 19 depicts the heroine Susan Rawing＇s tragic fate.The article makes an analysis on the feminine psychological need in the marriage from four aspects：Spiritual Freedom,Financially independent,interpersonal communication,mutual faith.     

SURFACE SIZING AND LOW SOLIDS CONTENT COATING TO IMPROVE QUALITY OF PAPER

INTRODUCTIONIn the past two years, several factories have built pro-duction lines to produce light weight coated (LWC) paper, the metering size press (MSP) coater has e-merged as the dominant choice on these new LWC production lines[1][2]. Lower capital and operating costs for MSP coaters and the ability to use weaker furnishes provide advantages over traditional blade coaters. In china, some factories do not adopt surface sizing, Quality index of the paper such as physical property,…     

East Asian monsoon change for the 21st century: Results of CMIP3 and CMIP5 models

Forty-two climate models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phases 3 and 5 were first evaluated in terms of their ability to simulate the present climatology of the East Asian winter (December-February) and summer (June-August) monsoons. The East Asian winter and summer monsoon changes over the 21st century were then projected using the results of 31 and 29 reliable climate models under the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) mid-range A1B scenario or the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) mid-low-range RCP4.5 scenario, respectively. Results showed that the East Asian winter monsoon changes little over time as a whole relative to the reference period 1980-1999. Regionally, it weakens (strengthens) north (south) of about 25°N in East Asia, which results from atmospheric circulation changes over the western North Pacific and Northeast Asia owing to the weakening and northward shift of the Aleutian Low, and from decreased north- west-southeast thermal and sea level pressure differences across Northeast Asia. In summer, monsoon strengthens slightly in East China over the 21st century as a consequence of an increased land-sea thermal contrast between the East Asian continent and the adjacent western North Pacific and South China Sea.     

Microstructure investigation and multicolor upconversion in Yb~(3+)/Ln~(3+)(Ln=Er/Tm/Ho) ions doped α-Sialon

Yb~(3+)/Ln~(3+)(Ln=Er/Tm/Ho)-α-sialon ceramics were fabricated by hot press sintering technique.Their microstructure and luminescent properties were studied by XRD,EDS,HRTEM and photoluminescence measurements.The results showed that the sintered ceramics consisted ofα-Sialon with a trace amount ofβ-Sialon phase.The frequency upconversion and downconversion properties of Yb~(3+)/Ln~(3+)(Ln=Er/Tm/Ho)-α-Sialon ceramics were investigated under 980 nm low-power excitation.The different concentrations of Yb~(3+)/Ln~(3+)(Ln=Er/Tm/Ho)produced multicolor emissions characteristics of each Ln~(3+)ion as a result of the energy transfer from Yb~(3+)to Er~(3+),Tm~(3+)and Ho~(3+)ions.The EDS spectra measurements and mappings showed that the Ln~(3+)ions were well incorporated in theα-Sialon matrix.Temporal evolution of the emission decay behavior has been investigated to understand the energy transfer mechanism.     

Atomic force microscope study of WC-10Co cemented carbide sintered from nanocrystalline composite powders

In order to compare the spark plasma sintering (SPS) process plus hot isostatic press (HIP) with vacuum sintering plus HIP, an investigation was carried out on the topography, microstructure and gain size distribution of nanocrystalline WC-l0Co composite powder and the sintered specimens prepared by SPS plus HIP and by vacuum sintering plus HIP by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM). The mechanical properties of the sintered specimens were also investigated. It is very easy to find cobalt lakes in the specimen prepared by vacuum sintering plus HIP process. But the microstructure of the specimen prepared by SPS plus HIP is more homogeneous, and the grain size is smaller than that prepared by vacuum sintering plus HIP. The WC-10Co ultrafine cemented carbide consolidated by SPS plus HIP can reach a relative density of 99.4%, and the transverse rupture strength (TRS) is higher than 3540 MPa, the Rockwell A hardness (HRA) is higher than 92.8, the average grain size is smaller than 300 nm, and the WC-10Co ultrafine cemented carbide with excellent properties is achieved. The specimen prepared by SPS with HIP has better properties and microstructure than that prepared by vacuum sintering with HIP.     

Synthesis and forming behavior of aluminium-based hybrid powder metallurgic composites

Aluminium-based metal matrix composites were synthesized from Al-TiO₂-Gr powder mixtures using the powder metallurgy technique and their forming characteristics were studied during cold upsetting. Green cylindrical compacts of pure Al, Al-5wt%TiO₂, Al-5wt%TiO₂-2wt%Gr, and Al-5wt%TiO₂-4wt%Gr were made using a 400-kN hydraulic press equipped with suitable punch and die and by sintering at (590 ± 10)℃ for 3 h. Cold upset forging tests were carried out, the true axial stress (σ_z), the true hoop stress (σ_θ), and the true hydrostatic stress (σ_m) were evaluated and, their behavior against the true axial strain (?_z) was also analyzed. It is observed that the addition of 5wt% TiO₂ into the Al matrix increases σ_z, σ_θ, and σ_m. The addition of both TiO₂ and Gr reinforcements reduces the densification and deformation characteristics of the sintered preforms during cold upsetting. Microstructure analyses of the as-sintered and cold upset forged specimens also were carried out to substantiate the experimental results.