Fibrillins突变体对拟南芥开花时间影响

植物的开花受到多条途径的控制,包括春化途径、赤霉素途径、自主途径和光周期途径。以拟南芥Columbia（Col.）生态型和拟南芥Fibrillins突变体(本研究所使用突变体为fbn8和fbn1a)为研究对象,以杂交的方法获得fbn1a /fbn8双重突变体。文章对Fibrillins突变体在不同的环境下FBN1a、 FBN8对开花时间调节的可能机制进行初步探究。本研究发现,Fibrillins突变体在长日照、短日照条件下均为早花,并且fbn1a /fbn8双重突变体早花现象更为明显。说明FBN1a、FBN8有可能共同在开花途径中起到作用。通过连续对突变体开花基因的检测发现,和单突变体相比,fbn1a /fbn8双重突变体中的FT、SOC1、CO的基因表达量都大幅度增加,其中FT增加的更为明显,FLC减少也更为明显。而与野生型相比较,这种现象单突变体fbn1a又要比fbn8更为明显。最后,通过检测了植株体内H2O2含量的变化发现,与野生型比较fbn8、fbn1a和 fbn1a /fbn8体内H2O2含量升高程度为20%、30%、50%。由实验结果推测Fibrillins可能通过影响体内H2O2含量变化来参与开花时间的改变。     

CONSTANS mediates between the circadian clock and the control of flowering in Arabidopsis

Flowering is often triggered by exposing plants to appropriate day lengths. This response requires an endogenous timer called the circadian clock to measure the duration of the day or night. This timer also controls daily rhythms in gene expression and behavioural patterns such as leaf movements. Several Arabidopsis mutations affect both circadian processes and flowering time; but how the effect of these mutations on the circadian clock is related to their influence on flowering remains unknown. Here we show that expression of CONSTANS (CO), a gene that accelerates flowering in response to long days, is modulated by the circadian clock and day length. Expression of a CO target gene, called FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), is restricted to a similar time of day as expression of CO. Three mutations that affect circadian rhythms and flowering time alter CO and FT expression in ways that are consistent with their effects on flowering. In addition, the late flowering phenotype of such mutants is corrected by overexpressing CO. Thus, CO acts between the circadian clock and the control of flowering, suggesting mechanisms by which day length regulates flowering time.     

Analysis of the genome sequence of the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana

The flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana is an important model system for identifying genes and determining their functions. Here we report the analysis of the genomic sequence of Arabidopsis. The sequenced regions cover 115.4 megabases of the 125-megabase genome and extend into centromeric regions. The evolution of Arabidopsis involved a whole-genome duplication, followed by subsequent gene loss and extensive local gene duplications, giving rise to a dynamic genome enriched by lateral gene transfer from a cyanobacterial-like ancestor of the plastid. The genome contains 25,498 genes encoding proteins from 11,000 families, similar to the functional diversity of Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans--the other sequenced multicellular eukaryotes. Arabidopsis has many families of new proteins but also lacks several common protein families, indicating that the sets of common proteins have undergone differential expansion and contraction in the three multicellular eukaryotes. This is the first complete genome sequence of a plant and provides the foundations for more comprehensive comparison of conserved processes in all eukaryotes, identifying a wide range of plant-specific gene functions and establishing rapid systematic ways to identify genes for crop improvement.     

拟南芥CARK4与RCAR12相互作用的研究

本研究采用酵母双杂交(Y2H)、GST-融合蛋白沉降技术(GST-pull-down)及双分子荧光互补实验(BiFC)实验方法研究蛋白质激酶CARK4与脱落酸受体RCAR12之间的相互作用.酵母双杂交(Y2H)试验显示,缺失氮端的CARK4(CARK4ΔN)与RCAR12具有明显的相互作用.体外GST-融合蛋白沉降技术试验进一步得出CARK4能拉下RCAR12,而不能结合负对照GST,这证明CARK4可以直接与RCAR12相互作用.为了确定CARK4与RCAR12在植物体内是否也存在相互作用,利用农杆菌介导的烟草叶片瞬时表达来进行BiFC实验,结果表明在烟草中共注射CARK4与RCAR12能发激发荧光,而负对照却没有,这说明CARK4与RCAR12在植物体内存在相互作用.研究结果表明,CARK4与RCAR12在植物体内、体外均具有相互作用.     

拟南芥雄性不育突变体EC2-157基因的精细定位

通过背景纯化与遗传分析,从拟南芥雄性不育突变体中筛选到一株隐性单基因控制的雄性不育株EC2—157．细胞学观察表明,突变体的花药中不形成花粉粒．利用图位克隆的方法对不育基因ms157进行了定位,结果表明ms157位于第四条染色体上分子标记CIW7和T13K14之间285kb的区间内．目前尚未见到该区间雄性不育基因的报道,因此ms157是一个新的雄性不育基因．     

The ELF3 zeitnehmer regulates light signalling to the circadian clock

The circadian system regulates 24-hour biological rhythms and seasonal rhythms, such as flowering. Long-day flowering plants like Arabidopsis thaliana, measure day length with a rhythm that is not reset at lights-off, whereas short-day plants measure night length on the basis of circadian rhythm of light sensitivity that is set from dusk, early flowering 3 (elf3) mutants of Arabidopsis are aphotoperiodic and exhibit light-conditional arrhythmias. Here we show that the elf3-7 mutant retains oscillator function in the light but blunts circadian gating of CAB gene activation, indicating that deregulated phototransduction may mask rhythmicity. Furthermore, elf3 mutations confer the resetting pattern of short-day photoperiodism, indicating that gating of phototransduction may control resetting. Temperature entrainment can bypass the requirement for normal ELF3 function for the oscillator and partially restore rhythmic CAB expression. Therefore, ELF3 specifically affects light input to the oscillator, similar to its function in gating CAB activation, allowing oscillator progression past a light-sensitive phase in the subjective evening. ELF3 provides experimental demonstration of the zeitnehmer ('time-taker') concept.     

Hypothalamic regulation of sleep and circadian rhythms

A series of findings over the past decade has begun to identify the brain circuitry and neurotransmitters that regulate our daily cycles of sleep and wakefulness. The latter depends on a network of cell groups that activate the thalamus and the cerebral cortex. A key switch in the hypothalamus shuts off this arousal system during sleep. Other hypothalamic neurons stabilize the switch, and their absence results in inappropriate switching of behavioural states, such as occurs in narcolepsy. These findings explain how various drugs affect sleep and wakefulness, and provide the basis for a wide range of environmental influences to shape wake-sleep cycles into the optimal pattern for survival.     

拟南芥雄性不育突变体nps的基因定位

nps是经EMS诱变筛选得到的一拟南芥雄性不育突变体．通过背景纯化与遗传分析,发现nps突变体是受隐性单基因控制．形态学观察表明,突变体的花缺失花瓣和雄蕊,主要由两轮萼片和一轮肥大的雌蕊组成．利用图位克隆的方法对不育基因NPs进行了定位,结果表明NPS位于第五条染色体上分子标记F15L12和MHJ24之间1378kb的区间内．数据库预测该区间内包含10个与花发育ABC模型相关的基因,因此,对NPS基因的研究有助于深入了解拟南芥的花发育过程与花器官形成．     

盐胁迫下拟南芥去乙酰化酶基因的转录组分析

为了探究盐胁迫下拟南芥HD2去乙酰化酶调控的下游基因,本研究以拟南芥野生型WT和四突(hd2q,HD2四个基因的突变体)为材料,采用RNA-seq技术和生物信息学方法,对生长10d的幼苗在高盐(150mmol/LNaCl)处理前和后进行比较转录组分析,并结合实时荧光定量PCR验证转录组数据的可靠性.结果显示:在高盐处理...     

Post-transcriptional gene silencing signal could move rapidly and bidirectionally in grafted Arabidopsis thaliana

RNA-MEDIATED GENE SILENCING IS A UNIVERSAL GENE- REGULATION SYSTEM FUNDAMENTAL IN BIOLOGICAL PROCESSESAND PHENOMENA OF THE DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA (DSRNA) TRIGGERED SEQUENCE-SPECIFIC MRNA DEGRADATION[1―3]. RNA SILENCING OCCURS IN A BROAD RANGE OF EUKARYOTIC …     

Sequence and analysis of chromosome 4 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana

The higher plant Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) is an important model for identifying plant genes and determining their function. To assist biological investigations and to define chromosome structure, a coordinated effort to sequence the Arabidopsis genome was initiated in late 1996. Here we report one of the first milestones of this project, the sequence of chromosome 4. Analysis of 17.38 megabases of unique sequence, representing about 17% of the genome, reveals 3,744 protein coding genes, 81 transfer RNAs and numerous repeat elements. Heterochromatic regions surrounding the putative centromere, which has not yet been completely sequenced, are characterized by an increased frequency of a variety of repeats, new repeats, reduced recombination, lowered gene density and lowered gene expression. Roughly 60% of the predicted protein-coding genes have been functionally characterized on the basis of their homology to known genes. Many genes encode predicted proteins that are homologous to human and Caenorhabditis elegans proteins.     

拟南芥 AtMYB61基因的克隆及表达载体构建

文章以拟南芥幼苗提取的总RNA为模板,利用RT-PCR技术扩增获得AtMYB61基因的全长cDNA片段,再克隆到pUCm-T载体上,菌落PCR、酶切鉴定和cDNA测序结果表明成功克隆了拟南芥AtMYB61基因.从AtMYB61-pUCm-T载体上,用BstEⅡ和BglⅡ全双酶切切下目的基因片段,将此基因片段连接到植物表...     

拟南芥雄性不育突变体ms1521的基因定位

ms1521是经EMS诱变筛选得到的一拟南芥雄性不育突变体,通过背景纯化与遗传分析,发现ms1521突变体是受隐性单基因控制,形态学观察表明：突变体的花缺失部分花瓣,雄蕊比较短,花药肥大,部分雄蕊的花药成丝状,利用图位克隆的方法对不育基因MS1521进行了定位,结果表明：MS1521位于第一条染色体分子标记F17F8Alu1和T19E23之间161kb的区间内,数据库预测,其中有11个与花发育有关的基因,试验将有助于对目的基因的克隆,控制花器官研究和雄性不育分子机制的研究。     

拟南芥叶色突变体ems3的基因定位

ems3是经甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)诱变筛选得到的一拟南芥叶色突变体.通过背景纯化与遗传分析,发现ems3突变体是单基因隐性控制.利用图位克隆的方法对叶色基因EMS3进行了定位,结果表明:EMS3位于第5条染色体分子标记MHF15和MHF152之间55kb的区间内.生物信息预测,该区间包括有16个基因.这些结果为该基因的克隆及叶绿体发育过程中的功能研究奠定了基础.