冷表面结霜的微细观可视化研究

为研究冷表面上结霜的微细观过程以及表面湿润性对该过程的影响,对空气中水蒸气在铜裸面及疏水性涂层上的结霜过程进行了微细观可视化研究。实验中冷面温度为-10℃。发现结霜过程并非单纯的凝华过程,而是经历了水珠生成、长大、冻结、初始霜晶生成以及霜晶成长(包括部分霜晶的倒伏)过程。与铜裸面相比,疏水面上水珠分布的较为稀疏,粒径较大,冻结较晚,初始霜晶较迟出现,霜晶高度较低。所有这些都说明疏水性表面可以延缓霜的形成及成长。     

液氮冻结盾尾密封加固温度场的数值分析

为解决在含水层跨江跨海盾构隧道施工中盾尾刷破坏后如何更换封水、更换盾尾刷等问题,结合杭州庆春路过江隧道盾尾刷更换工程,利用ADINA大型有限元软件建立三维数值模型,对液氮冻结盾尾密封加固温度场进行数值模拟,研究了温度空间分布及温度随时间变化规律,并对影响冻结温度场的因素进行敏感性分析。通过数值模拟和现场原位实测的对比分析,得出了液氮冻结温度场的变化规律:液氮冻结的时间随着土体导热系数的增大而呈衰减性缩短,随土体容积热容量的增大而呈线性减缓;到达冻结工作面的液氮温度越低,冻结完成的时间越呈衰减性缩短。     

地道与空气冬季换热特性的数值模拟与分析

目的研究地道工程与空气在冬季的换热特点,分析地道长度、空气流速以及地道埋深对地道与空气换热的影响,从而实现土壤中热量的有效利用.方法以沈阳地区的中德地道风项目为研究对象,采用Gambit软件建立三维仿真模型,利用Fluent软件对地道与空气的换热进行数值模拟,分别计算出不同因素下地道出口处空气的温度.结果当地道长度为100 m时,地道出口处温度为-10.564℃,当地道长度为250 m时,地道出口处温度可达-9.565℃,地道越长,出口空气温度越高;一定长度的地道内风速越低,出口空气温度越高;埋深分别为2 m、4 m、6 m、8 m时,150 m长地道出口处温度分别为-12.052℃、-10.469℃、-10.286℃、-10.093℃.结论其他参数相同时,地道与空气的换热效果随着地道长度的增大而增强;随着地道内风速的增大而减弱,当风速大于5 m/s时,地道出口的空气温度基本保持不变;随着地道埋深的增大而增强,深度达到6 m后,换热效果基本保持不变.     

热暴露对Al—Cu—Mg—Ag合金组织和性能的影响

研究了Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金经时效处理165℃×2 h(欠时效态)后,在不同温度(150~300℃)和不同时间(0~1000 h)热暴露后的显微组织和性能.结果表明:在150℃热暴露下,随时间延长,其剩余强度先上升后下降,强度峰值出现在100 h,在1000 h后合金力学性能相对欠时效态无明显下降;在200~300℃热暴露时,合金的强度随时间的延长而下降,延伸率随着时间的延长而增大;在300℃热暴露时,合金的强度明显下降,暴露10 h后其抗拉强度为272.5 MPa,100 h后其抗拉强度降至114.5 MPa.欠时效状态的合金组织主要为均匀细小分布Ω相;随着暴露温度的升高,Ω相长大并粗化,晶界无析出带(PFZ)变宽.     

单个水滴蒸发过冷过程的特性分析

为分析单个水滴在低温、低湿空气中的运动和蒸发特性,建立了描述整个传热传质及运动过程的数学模型,并通过对悬挂水滴的蒸发冷却实验验证了该模型的有效性.通过模拟计算获得了水滴温度、直径、速度和运动轨迹的变化规律,以及水滴初始参数和空气速度对制冰效率的影响.结果表明,水滴在某一喷射角度下,直径越小,同样的下落高度水滴水平飞行的距离越短,而相应的速度衰减则越快,同时水滴蒸发过冷所需的时间越短.另外,水滴初始温度越低和逆流空气速度越高,在很短的下落高度内,水滴就实现了过冷,而水滴直径的变化量随着初始水温和空气流速的增大而增大,因此对雾化水滴进行预冷却不仅可提高系统制冰效率,还能减少水滴的蒸发损失.     

铜表面液滴冻结的实验研究

为了研究液滴冻结过程中液滴内部固-液相界面的动态变化特性以及液滴形变的变化规律,基于液滴冻结可视化实验平台,对冷铜表面液滴冻结过程进行了可视化实验研究,分析了不同冷表面预设温度下液滴过冷度和液滴冻结时间的变化规律以及液滴体积对液滴冻结时间的影响。实验结果表明:在液滴冻结过程中,液滴内部固-液相界面呈现出凹界面特性;在表面张力和固-液相界面的凹面特性的共同作用下,液滴完全冻结后会在其顶部形成明显的乳状凸起;液滴冻结前期固-液相界面的推移速度较快,冻结速度较快,随着时间的推移,固-液相界面的推移速度逐渐减小,致使冻结速度减小;随着冷表面温度的降低,液滴冻结所需要的过冷度不断增加。研究发现了临界过冷度的存在,约为-12℃,适当增加液滴的临界过冷度可延缓其冻结过程。液滴冻结时间主要取决于液滴过冷时间,液滴过冷时间受冷表面温度的影响较大;液滴体积对液滴过冷时间的影响并不是单调的。     

石灰石闪速加热高温煅烧过程中的CO_2逸出行为

在大功率碳管炉内模拟利用转炉余热闪速加热高温煅烧石灰石的工艺过程,研究煅烧温度(1200~1500℃)和石灰石粒径(4~27.5mm)对石灰石颗粒在高温热分解过程中CO_2逸出行为的影响。结果表明,石灰石粒径一定时,煅烧温度越高,CaCO_3分解初期逸出CO_2的速率越大,达到CO_2逸出速率最大值的时间也越短;煅烧温度一定时,石灰石粒径越小,CO_2逸出速率曲线峰值越高,到达曲线峰值的时间也越短。煅烧温度不超过1300℃时,随着石灰石粒径的增大,试样转化率和CO_2逸出速率的变化明显放缓;而煅烧温度达到1350℃后,粒径对CO_2逸出速率的影响较小。在1500℃煅烧温度下,经过400~445s,不同粒径石灰石颗粒的分解转化率均已接近100%。     

Pd/C中Pd粒径调控及对多氯硝基苯的催化还原影响

为控制多氯硝基苯加氢制备多氯苯胺的深度脱氯,在Pd/C催化剂制备中,考察了硝酸浓度、催化剂还原温度和时间对催化剂上Pd粒径及催化加氢活性和选择性的影响。结果表明:Pd粒径的增大导致催化剂对多氯硝基苯的催化活性下降,但多氯苯胺的选择性上升;随着硝酸浓度的增加,Pd的分散性和粒径先增大后减少,而还原温度和时间的增加可增大Pd的粒径;采用15%硝酸处理、200~250℃下氢气还原4~5 h可获得较理想的Pd粒径为16~20 nm的Pd/C催化剂;对五氯硝基苯加氢还原呈现较高的加氢活性和选择性,转化率可达99%以上,五氯苯胺选择性可达96%以上。     

超声波影响初始霜晶生长的微观可视化研究

试验研究了超声波对平板表面结霜初始阶段霜晶生长的影响.对自然对流条件下施加20kHz频率的超声波和未施加超声波两种作用机制下平板表面结霜初始阶段冻结水珠的形态、分布以及水珠冻结后水珠表面霜晶的生长进行了微观可视化研究.对有无超声波作用的不同冷表面温度下水珠冻结粒径的大小以及水珠分布的疏密进行了对比分析.同时对有无超声波作用下水珠冻结后水珠表面霜晶的生长进行了对比观测.试验结果显示:施加超声波作用后,冻结水珠粒径显著减小,形态相对规整且接近圆形;分布相对规则且明显稀疏;水珠冻结后其表面霜晶几乎不生长.结果表明:超声波对结霜初期冻结水珠的形成以及水珠冻结后水珠表面霜晶的生长具有显著的抑制作用.     

多壁碳纳米管对水冻结过冷度影响的试验研究

无机相变材料在冻结相变过程中普遍存在着过冷现象,限制其应用和发展.针对水过冷问题,试验研究多壁碳纳米管对水冻结相变过冷度的影响,试验给出了纯水和多壁碳纳米管/水系统在水冻结过程中的温度变化特征,重点分析多壁碳纳米管的添加比对水冻结过冷度的影响.试验结果表明,多壁碳纳米管的加入可显著地降低水体冻结过冷度,并且随着添加比例的增加,水体冻结的过冷度将获得进一步的降低,有效地缩短了水冻结相变时间.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-