压缩感知信号重构的快速光滑L0范数法

光滑l0范数法(SL0)用带参数的高斯光滑函数序列逼近l0范数,可以有效地用于压缩感知信号重构。针对SL0算法在最优解附近收敛速度较慢的问题,由高斯光滑函数梯度及Hesse矩阵的特点,根据牛顿法的基本原理,提出了快速光滑l0范数法-FSL0算法。算法的迭代公式十分简洁。仿真结果表明,该算法与已有同类算法的重构精度相当,但重构速度得到了很大地提高。     

迭代去噪收缩阈值算法重构压缩全息

为了解决全息图像数据在传输过程中占用大量内存并在一定程度上增加设计成本的问题,在数字全息成像技术中,应用压缩感知理论,提出了一种基于迭代去噪收缩阈值算法(IDNST)的数字全息重构方法.IDNST算法引入了去噪迭代因子和正则化收缩因子,利用前2次迭代的值、不断更新的迭代参数以及不断收缩的正则化参数来获得新的迭代值,加快了收敛速度,提高了全息图像的重构精度.仿真结果表明,所提出方法能够高概率地恢复出原始图像.     

新的加速Bregman迭代方法在稀疏最小二乘问题中的应用

结合残量Bregman迭代方法以及不动点迭代方法提出一种迭代算法,对预测校正算法应用Nesterov技巧进行加速,并且作用于最小二乘问题。理论上证明了新算法得到的解收敛到目标函数的最优解,并将新算法应用到稀疏信号恢复问题上,数值试验表明新算法能够快速有效地恢复信号。     

基于改进 FastICA 的冲击波工频干扰消除算法

在火炮冲击波信号测试领域中, 为解决陷波算法消除工频干扰损失有效信号成分的问题, 提出了一种改 进的 FastICA 算法消除工频干扰。 采用五阶收敛的牛顿迭代形式改进基于负熵的 FastICA 算法, 使其不仅具备 负熵算法的高精准度, 而且收敛速度快, 迭代次数少。 仿真结果表明, 该算法的相似系数和信噪比达到 0. 999 99和 45 dB, 较传统陷波算法的 0. 996 和 21 dB 有明显的优势。 相比于基于负熵的 FastICA 算法, 改进算 法与其精准度相同, 但迭代次数减少了 26. 7%; 与收敛速度较快的峭度算法相比, 改进算法迭代次数更少, 收 敛速度更快, 稳定性更高。 该算法具备精准度高、 收敛速度快和迭代次数少等优势, 因此适用于实时处理冲击 波的测试场合。     

稀疏信息处理中的迭代分式阈值算法

在稀疏信息处理中, l₀范数优化问题通常转化为l₁范数优化问题来求解。 但l₁ 范数优化问题存在一些不足。 为寻找一种更有效的求稀疏解的算法, 首先构造一个新的收缩算子, 其次证明该收缩算子是某非凸函数的邻近算子。 然后用该非凸函数替代l₀-范数, 对新的优化问题用向前-向后分裂方法得到对应的迭代阈值算法-迭代分式阈值算法(IFTA)。 仿真实验表明该算法(IFTA)在稀疏信号重构和高维变量选择中均有良好的表现。     

基于精细积分思想的反演简单迭代算法

为了提高走时层析成像中反演算法的性能,采用一种基于精细积分的简单迭代算法。反演计算归结为一个简单的迭代求解过程,对过程中出现的逆矩阵求解利用精细积分思想,确保迭代收敛且能收敛到方程的真解,同时具备较高的迭代速度。检测板模型恢复测试以及实际资料反演结果表明:该方法计算过程简单,在迭代次数较少时即能得到分辨率较高的波速剖面图;与目前常用的一些方法相比,本文方法在反演图像分辨率和迭代效率上都具有一定的优势。     

基于FPGA的除法器算法研究

介绍了实现除法器的恢复余数法、不恢复余数法、倒数除法以及牛顿迭代方法,并针对牛顿迭代方法的缺点,介绍了一种优化算法,此优化算法可以在满足很高精度的前提下,具有很快的收敛速度。最后,基于现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)对各种算法进行了比较。     

基于混合优化的平滑l0压缩感知重构算法

研究压缩感知的重构算法,分析了平滑l0（smoothed l0,SL0）的理论基础．SLO算法通过利用平滑的高斯函数去逼近l0范数,将重构中的l0范数最小化问题转化为求解光滑函数最小值的最优化问题．针对算法中最速下降法存在“锯齿现象”和收敛速度慢等缺点,引入数值最优化理论中的混合优化算法,提出了一种基于混合优化的SL0重构算法（HOSL0）．该算法结合了最速下降法和修正牛顿法的优点,提高了算法的重构精度和速度．仿真实验表明,HOSL0算法与同类算法相比性能有明显提高,同时在重构速度上比BP算法快了2个数量级．     

关节水平的“共驱动”研究

本文以主动肌和拮抗肌的协同作用机理为依据,从表面肌电(EMG)信号的频率参数和肌肉平均传导速度两个方面,对近年来提出的正常人体神经肌肉系统控制的新理论——“共驱动”概念,在关节水平上进行了探讨和研究,实验结果表明:膝关节的主动肌和拮抗肌在持续恒力收缩下,其表面EMG信号功率谱的归一化中值频率随着时间的增加而同时下降;两路EMG信号的归一化中值频率之间的互相关系数随着收缩力的减小而减小,肘关节的肱二头肌不论是作为主动肌还是拮抗肌,在持续恒力收缩下,由表面EMG信号估计得到的肌肉的平均传导速度均随着收缩时间的增加而下降;肱二头肌作为拮抗肌时,平均传导速度明显高于其作为主动肌时的平均传导速度。     

基于优化最小化的加强稀疏性的稀疏信号恢复算法

针对稀疏信号恢复算法对稀疏性约束不强的问题,提出了一种基于加强稀疏性非凸函数的稀疏信号恢复算法.通过分析收缩函数和惩罚函数的关系,提出一种新的具有加强稀疏性的非凸的惩罚函数,利用优化最小化(majorization-minimization,MM)方法构造非凸函数的凸上界,并对目标函数的凸部分和凸上界进行迭代求解,实现了对稀疏信号的加强恢复.相较于现存的基于非凸惩罚函数的稀疏信号恢复算法,本算法具有不受参数干扰和梯度方向包含目标函数非凸部分的优势.将提出的算法应用于稀疏无线信道的估计,仿真结果表明,该算法在噪声环境下可以使用更少的导频,取得更准确的信道估计结果.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to