仿鱼推进的实验研究

模仿金枪鱼的摆尾推进方式,制作了单尾仿生机器鱼.实验测量了机器鱼的航行速度、阻力和系泊状态时尾鳍摆动产生的推力.针对单尾鳍摆动存在的机器鱼的摇艏问题,进一步设计出双尾鳍仿鱼推进器,并将其应用于小水线面双体船,制作了仿生双尾推进的实验平台.在水池中进行了实验研究,结果表明:仿生双尾推进不仅解决了单尾机器鱼游动时的鱼体晃动问题,而且还具有优良的推进效率和操纵性能.作为一种新型的仿生推进器,仿生双尾推进具有广阔的工程应用前景.     

尾鳍形状对摆动尾鳍推进性能的影响

研究了尾鳍形状对摆动尾鳍推进性能的影响. 设计了一套摆尾仿生推进装置,实验分析了仿金枪鱼、仿海豚、仿白鲸3种尾鳍的推进性能. 同时采用数值方法对尾鳍的水动力性能进行了计算. 实验和数值结果表明,仿金枪鱼尾鳍的平均推力系数和输入功率系数最小,推进效率最高. 对尾涡的分析表明,仿金枪鱼尾鳍尾涡强度最弱,分布范围最小.     

基于锦鲤BCF摆动推进特性分析

以锦鲤为仿生对象,研究躯干和尾鳍的摆动推进特性。根据鱼体形态特征建立仿生鱼几何模型,并根据鱼体躯干和尾鳍的摆动姿态,分别建立不同的运动学模型,进而采用动网格技术并编写控制鱼体的UDF程序,对仿生鱼在被两种控制方程的驱动下的运动状态进行数值模拟,研究不同的运动频率、摆动幅度、来流速度对仿生鱼游动速度、加速度、位移及其压力分布的影响,揭示两种控制方程下仿生鱼摆动的推进性能特性。结果表明：在两种控制方程的驱动下,无论运动频率怎样变化,仿生鱼达到稳定状态时间相同,相同周期内游动距离相近;当摆动幅度为30°时,仿生鱼达到稳态时间最短,且波动相对较小,是最佳幅度;来流速度低于0.1时,可以在流场中稳定游动。且该模型在稳定游动状态下,高压低压分布在尾鳍两端,推动鱼体前进,与实际相符合。     

尾鳍柔性变形对仿金枪机器鱼自主游动的影响

以自由游动为基础,研究和探讨了尾鳍柔性对仿金枪鱼水下机器人自主加速及巡游运动的影响.首先应用计算流体动力学(CFD)技术建立自主游动的计算模型,然后对不同柔性变形参数下的仿金枪鱼的运动和水动力性能进行模拟和分析.结果表明:当仿金枪鱼自主加速到稳定巡游时,其阻力和推力达到平衡;尾涡对推力有增加作用.弦向柔性变形相位角、变形位置、变形幅度及拱度对自主游动的巡游速度和尾鳍水动力性能有重要影响.使弦长前半部分也发生变形可以提高推进效率;当柔性变形落后横移运动π/2相位或取适当的变形幅度和拱度时,仿金枪鱼自主游动的推进效率取得极大值.     

无缆微型仿鱼泳动机器人的设计与运动分析

根据鱼类的游动推进原理,提出一种基于螺线管线圈结构的外磁场驱动微型仿鱼机器人的设计方案,构建了其实验控制系统,分析了机器人在液体中的推进力和动力学模型,以及尾鳍对其推进性能的影响。实验结果表明,不同的尾鳍摆动频率和尾鳍长度对推进速度有很大影响,其运动速度随驱动频率的增大而逐步增大,但当驱动频率大于7 Hz时运动速度减慢。实验结果与理论分析相一致。     

拖式与推式吊舱推进器水动力性能数值仿真及对比

为研究吊舱推进器在直航和回转工况下的推进性能,通过RANS方法结合标准k-ε湍流模型对拖式与推式吊舱推进器在不同工况下的水动力性能进行对比分析.分别计算拖式与推式吊舱推进器直航与回转工况下的推力系数与转矩系数,并与试验结果进行对比以验证数值计算的准确性.直航工况推进特性曲线、回转工况的推力系数与转矩系数曲线对比结果表明,数值计算可以准确预报吊舱推进器的水动力性能.根据该模型计算了斜流工况时两种推进器的推力、转矩系数以及轴向力和侧向力系数随角度的变化规律.结果表明,本文提出的水动力模型可以准确预报不同工况下吊舱推进器的水动力性能.     

摆动频率影响扑翼推进水动力的数值仿真研究

通过建立简谐运动耦合的二自由度扑翼运动模型,基于动网格技术对水下扑翼推进水动力特性展开数值仿真研究。通过数值仿真发现：扑翼推进力和最大升力与扑翼摆动频率的平方近似成正比;摆动频率影响前沿涡和尾涡的产生和脱落,从而影响推力     

仿生扑翼型机器鱼驱动机构的设计

基于仿生学原理,模仿鸟类和昆虫飞行的翼和鱼的新月型尾鳍的推进机理,提出一种仿生扑翼型机器鱼的设计方案,利用机械、电子元器件或智能材料实现该机器鱼的水下复合推进,采用曲柄摇杆机构实现该机器鱼扑翼运动,具有运动形式简单、效率高、重量轻的特点;模仿鳢科加新月形尾鳍推进模式,使机器鱼的尾鳍简化为刚性的水翼,该水翼可做平动与绕自身轴摆动的复合运动;使用弹簧作为连接尾鳍与舵机的力传输元件,有效降低运动的能量损耗;在机器鱼尾部使用沉浮舵,由舵机旋转驱动拉杆产生倾覆力矩,在扑翼和尾鳍的推力作用下实现上浮和下沉。     

线驱动仿海豹尾部推进机构设计与运动学分析

仿生推进由于具有速度快、效率高、机动性好、噪声污染低等优势,在水下机器人领域备受青睐.基于对海豹尾部生物结构及运动特征的研究,提出并设计了一种基于线驱动原理并结合柔性铰链机构的仿海豹尾部摆动推进机构.该机构包括脊椎框架单元、骨盆单元、胫骨单元以及柔性尾鳍单元,其关节采用柔性铰链,并通过两侧弹性元件的对称布置,可实现由单一舵机驱动仿生推进机构实现周期性摆动动作.采用D-H参数法对推进机构进行运动学分析,确定了推进机构尾鳍末端点在世界坐标系中的坐标,研究了仿生推进机构等效连杆摆角参数(摆动角、摆动幅值、初始角)对推进机构摆动幅值的影响规律.根据运动学分析结果,采用序列二次规划法对设计的仿生推进机构等效连杆摆角参数进行了优化,获得了与海豹尾部摆动幅值一致的最佳运动参数;在与海豹相同的游动速度下,推进机构尾鳍末端点的摆动轨迹与生物海豹的摆动轨迹基本吻合,验证了优化分析的正确性.在空气中进行原理样机摆动实验,通过摄像机连续拍摄的运动序列图,获得了实验样机尾鳍的摆动轨迹拟合曲线,与优化后的理论曲线对比,进一步验证了仿海豹尾部推进机构设计与分析的正确性.     

机器海豚尾鳍运动模型的建立及仿真

以海豚背腹式摆动推进方程为基础,应用坐标变换的方法,建立了描述海豚尾鳍俯仰--沉浮运动的数学模型,同时建立了描述豚尾各运动参数之间关系的方程,随后运用Matlab的仿真功能再现了海豚在游动过程中尾鳍的运动规律.该模型可用于定性描述运动参数对海豚推进性能的影响,为进一步研究豚尾动力学提供了理论基础,同时也为机器海豚尾鳍的控制设计提供了理论依据.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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