蟋蟀（Scapsipedus micado saussure）雌性生殖系统结构和卵子发生

蟋蟀的雌性生殖系统主要由一对卵巢,一对输卵管,一个生殖腔和一个受精囊组成。卵巢黄色,由约50根卵巢管组成。卵巢管属无滋式,主要由原卵区和卵黄区组成。卵子发生的动态是：一龄期,卵巢管仅具一些卵原细胞;二－四龄期,卵母细胞的体积迅速增大,开始逐步沉积卵黄;五龄期,卵母细胞中卵黄沉积结束,胚泡膜破裂,其中的细胞核达成熟分裂期,成熟的卵子冲破卵管塞进入输卵管,残留的卵泡细胞则退化解体,不形成黄体。     

白蜡虫雌性生殖系统的形态和结构的研究

白蜡虫雌性生殖系统由卵巢,一、二级分枝输卵管,侧输卵管、中输卵管、副性腺和受精囊组成.卵巢管属端滋式,由二级输卵管分化形成.营养腔内有3个滋养细胞,卵室内一个卵母细胞,每条卵巢管只形成一个卵.受精囊一个,圆球形.副性腺两对.     

两种烟粉虱寄生蜂的雌性生殖系统结构与卵巢发育特点

 通过对烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci Gennadius 的两种优势寄生蜂浅黄恩蚜小蜂Encarsia sophia Girault & Dodd 和海氏桨角蚜小蜂Eretmocerus hayati Zolnerowich & Rose 的生殖系统结构与卵巢发育特点的研究,明确了影响两种寄生蜂不同寄主处理行为的生理机制。两种寄生蜂雌性生殖系统各包括1 对卵巢、1 对侧输卵管、中输卵管、受精囊、产卵管和产卵鞘。浅黄恩蚜小蜂的产卵器细长笔直较锋利,海氏桨角蚜小蜂产卵器扁平且尖端向上弯曲,这与两种寄生蜂不同的产卵机制相吻合。浅黄恩蚜小蜂和海氏桨角蚜小蜂雌蜂初羽化时体内成熟卵子数量存在明显差异,但随着时间的推移和营养的补充,两种寄生蜂卵巢内成熟卵子的数量都会显著增加。两种寄生蜂均为卵育型寄生蜂。     

罗氏沼虾雌性生殖系统的组织学研究

罗氏沼虾的雌性生殖系统由卵巢和输卵管两部分组成。卵巢包括卵巢壁和内生殖上皮两部分;卵巢壁由疏松结缔组织和薄层肌肉构成;内生殖上皮产生卵原细胞和滤泡细胞。卵子发生可分为五个时期;卵原细胞期;初级卵母细胞期,次级卵母细胞期,成熟前期,成熟期。输卵管由外膜和管壁上皮组成。     

塔形马蹄螺雌性生殖系统的显微结构研究

塔形马蹄螺为雌雄异体,其雌性生殖系统主要由卵巢和输卵管组成,没有受精囊、交合囊和子宫,也没有其他的附属腺体．卵巢小管内存在不同发育时期的卵原细胞、初级卵母细胞、次级卵母细胞、卵黄合成期卵母细胞和成熟卵母细胞．输卵管壁向管腔凸出8～9个皱褶,柱状上皮细胞游离缘具细长纤毛;卵巢的发育具季节性．     

白蛾黑基啮小蜂的生物学特性

白蛾黑基啮小蜂(Tetrastichus nigricoxae Yang)是我国杨树人工林主要食叶害虫——杨小舟蛾(Micromelalopha troglodyta Graeser)蛹期的一种内寄生性天敌。笔者对该蜂的形态、行为、发育、存活、繁殖等生物学特性进行观察。结果表明:白蛾黑基啮小蜂羽化1~2 d爬出蛹壳进行交配、产卵的时间分别为0.5~2 min、1~3 min。每头寄主蛹出蜂量平均为(70.2±34.2)头,雌雄比为(6.1±5.1)∶1。在温度(20±2)℃、相对湿度RH(75±10)%、光周期L∶D=12∶12时,发育一代需37.0 d;而在(28±2)℃、RH(75±10)%、L∶D=12∶12时,发育一代仅需19.5 d。雌成蜂每侧卵巢由10~12根卵巢管组成,每根卵巢管含卵3~8粒。蜂蜜、蔗糖、葡萄糖均能有效地延长其成蜂寿命,并能显著提高其怀卵量和寄生率,其中以取食蜂蜜的效果最好。     

原尾蜥虎(Hemidactylus bowringii)雌性生殖周期的研究

从原尾蜥虎的卵巢重量、输卵管重量、卵巢内最大卵泡的长径、输卵管上皮厚度及输卵管中含卵数的季节性变化,观察了雌性生殖周期,结果表明:卵巢的周期性变化开始于11月份,冬眠期间卵巢增重缓慢,出蛰后增重加快,到次年6、7月份卵巢重量达到最大值,此时最大卵泡已发育成熟、可以排卵,排卵后卵巢逐渐退化、缩小,到10月份其重量为最小值,一个周期至此结束.原尾蜥虎一年繁殖一次,每次产卵2枚(偶尔1枚),6、7月份为卵成熟及排卵的高峰期,而孕卵、产卵的高峰期是6～8月份.     

波纹巴非蛤雌性生殖腺的组织学研究

波纹巴非蛤雌性生殖腺中的卵巢由生殖管和输卵管构成．生殖管反复分枝形成生卵小管和其末端膨大的生殖泡囊状结构．卵巢壁薄,由外膜和内生殖上皮组成．外膜主要由结缔组织、单层上皮和薄层肌肉组成,它有许多延伸物伸入卵巢中把卵巢分成一个个不规则小区（即分枝的管状结构,或卵巢小管）．内生殖上皮不断增殖产生生殖带,其中含有卵原细胞等各阶段雌性生殖细胞．卵子的发生可根据卵细胞、细胞核及核仁的大小形态和卵黄积累情况分为：１．卵原细胞期;２．初级卵母细胞期;３．次级卵母细胞期;４．卵黄合成初期卵母细胞;５．卵黄合成中期的卵母细胞;６．卵黄合成后期卵母细胞;７．卵母细胞成熟期．发育早期卵母细胞的核仁出现核仁排出物,较晚期的卵母细胞和成熟卵子的核仁变成双质核仁．本文还报道了波纹巴非蛤卵巢中独特的卵子退化现象．卵巢的发育有季节性的变化．     

原尾蜥虎雌性生殖周期的研究

从原尾蜥虎的卵巢重量，输卵管重量，卵巢内最大卵泡的长径，输卵管上皮厚度及输卵管中含卵数的季节性变化，观察了雌性生殖周期，结果表明：卵巢的周期性变化开始于１１月份，冬眠期间卵巢增重缓慢，出蛰后增重加快，到次年６，７月份其重要为最小值，一个周期至此结束。原尾蜥虎一年繁殖一次，每次产卵２枚（偶尔１枚），６，７月份为卵成熟及排卵的高峰期，而孕卵、产卵的高峰期是６￣８月份。     

粗糙沼虾雌性生殖系统的组织学研究

本文首次对粗糙沼虾雌性生殖系统的组织学进行了研究,结果表明：卵巢壁由外膜和内生殖上皮组成．输卵管壁由外膜和管壁上皮组成．根据卵细胞及其细胞核、核仁的形态以及卵黄发育情况,将卵子发生划分为五个时期,即：卵原细胞期;初级卵母细胞期;次级卵母细胞期;成熟前期;成熟期.并对不同时期的输卵管壁结构进行了探讨.     

云斑天牛生殖系统的研究

研究了云斑天牛生殖系统的解剖形态、超微结构及内、外生殖器结构的功能和组织来源。     

甘蔗条螟性外激素分泌腺研究

本文通过扫描电镜及光学显微镜观察了甘蔗条螟性外激素分泌腺的形态及组织的结构.甘蔗条螟性外激素腺十分发达,位于腹部第8—9节背面的节间膜上,是由该处节间膜部分细胞特化而成,属褶叠型腺体。外翻后,腺体的切面呈半球形.同时还观察描述了腺体各部份的形态结构.     

马尾松毛虫幼虫生殖系统的形态学初报

<正> 马尾松毛虫(Dendrolimns punctatus Walker)属鳞翅目、枯叶蛾科(Lepidoptera Lasiocam-pidae),它繁殖力强,迁移扩散快,经常猖獗成灾,是我国危害森林的最严重的历史性大害虫。为了防治马尾松毛虫,必须建立准确、可靠、方便的预测预报方法,掌握其种群数量动态;而昆虫的性比则是种群结构的重要特征,它对种群的数量动态有重要影响。故研究马尾松毛虫雌雄区分问题对建立上述预测、预报方法具有重要实践意义。目前尚未见到关于马尾松毛虫幼虫生殖系统的研究报道。 自1982年起,我们开始对马尾松毛虫的生殖系统进行研究。本文报道此项研究的部分结果。     

几种鱼类畸形及致畸原因的分析

作者自1977年以来,收集和研究了6种畸形鱼类。它们包括:仅长有左腹鳍的鲫;长有多余的第二背鳍的鲶;后半身短小的鳙;后半身上下弯曲的蒙古红鲌;性腺发育不健全的翘嘴红鲌和侧线中断、错位、分枝的细鳞斜颌鲴等。经过分析,认为致畸原因主要取决于遗传物质和环境因素的影响。     

蝇类卵巢染色体制备的新方法

以羽化后未交尾的雌性麻蝇为活体材料,通过“Feulgan预染——显微解剖悬液铺片——Giemsa复染法”获得形态良好、分散适中、着色清晰的卵泡细胞有丝分裂中期染色体标本。本法材料性别来源明确,对蝇类性染色体鉴定的准确性有重要意义。     

扬子鳄胚胎背部皮肤及鳞甲的发生

本文观察了１６例不同时间的扬子鳄（Ａｌｌｉｇａｔｏｒ ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）胚胎背部皮肤及鳞甲的形态和组织发生过程，孵化第２０天，来自胚胎中胚层生皮节的间充质细胞开始向有皮下迁移，表皮仅具周皮层与生发层两层细胞，第２８天背部鳞片开始明显，左右鳞片之间出现很浅的鳞间沟，前后鳞片交界处的原始表皮，真皮层开始向外突出形成鳞甲原基，第３４天鳞甲原基突出伸长，第４０天背鳞的纵嵴明显，第３４－５０天中，鳞甲后级基     

Maternal regulation of zerknüllt: a homoeobox gene controlling differentiation of dorsal tissues in Drosophila

The homoeobox gene zerknüllt (zen) plays an important role in the differentiation of dorsal tissues during Drosophila development. zen- embryos show transformations in the dorsal-most regions of the fate map, and lack several tissues that normally derive from these regions, including the amnioserosa and optic lobe. zen displays a simple dorsal on/ventral off pattern as early as cleavage cycle 10-11 (ref. 2). We have prepared a polyclonal antibody against a full-length zen protein, and used this to examine its pattern of expression in mutants that disrupt dorsal-ventral polarity. Most or all of the maternally expressed genes that are involved in this process have been previously identified and fall into two classes, so called 'dorsalizers' and 'ventralizers' (see refs 4-7, reviewed in ref. 8). On the basis of our analysis of zen expression in each of these maternal mutants we propose that one or more of the dorsalizing genes encodes a repressor which inhibits the expression of zen in ventral regions of developing embryos. The ventralizing gene cactus might play an important role in restricting the activity of this repressor to ventral regions, thereby permitting the activation of zen in those dorsal tissues where its function is critically required.     

Requirement for integrins during Drosophila wing development

The position-specific (PS) integrins of Drosophila are highly homologous to vertebrate integrins, most of which are cell-surface receptors for extracellular matrix components. Integrins are heterodimers, each consisting of noncovalently associated alpha- and beta-subunits. As for the subfamilies of vertebrate integrins, the same beta-subunit is found in both Drosophila PS integrins, combined with a specific alpha-subunit to generate either a complete functional PS1 or PS2 integrin. Both alpha- and beta-subunits are large transmembrane proteins (relative molecular masses greater than 100,000). Either one or both of these two PS integrins are expressed in most fly tissues during development. A particularly intriguing pattern of expression is found in the mature wing imaginal disc, where the PS1 integrin is expressed primarily on the presumptive dorsal wing epithelium, and the PS2 integrin is found almost exclusively on the ventral epithelium. Immediately after pupariation, the central wing pouch evaginates, folding along its centre to appose the epithelia that will secret the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the adult wing blade. Here we report the results of a genetic analysis indicating that both of the PS integrins are required to maintain the close apposition of the dorsal and ventral wing epithelia during morphogenesis. Also, we conclude that the integrins are not necessary for the maintenance of the cell lineage restriction between the two presumptive wing surfaces in the developing imaginal disc.     

Topography of acoustic response characteristics in the midbrain inferior colliculus of Kunming mouse

Topography of acoustic response characteristics of the midbrain inferior colliculus(IC)of the Kunming mouse was studied by using extracellular recording techniques.The characteristic frequency(CF)range represented in the different divisions of the IC differed markedly:4-15 kHz in the dorsal cortex(DC),10-70 kHz in the central nucleus(CN),and 4-35kHz in the external cortex(EC).The CF in the CN increased from dorsal and lateral to ventral and medial,higher CFs represented at its ventromedial part and lower CFs at its dorsal part.The isofrequency contours of CFs were incurvate.Minimum thresholds(MT)of the auditory neurons in DC and the central part of CN were lower(about 10dB SPL),but considerably higher in the dorsal and ventral region of EC.Results suggest that each of the divisions in the mouse IC may have different auditory functions.