Connection between interannual variability of the western Pacific and eastern Indian Oceans in the 1997 - 1998 El Nino event

In this paper, the sea surface height and the heat content of the upper ocean are analyzed to retrieve the relationship of interannual variabilities between the tropical western Pacific and eastern Indian Oceans during the 1997 - 1998 El Nino event. In the prophase of this El Nino, the negative sea level anomalies (SLA) occurred in the tropical western Pacific (TWP) firstly, and then appeared in the tropical eastern Indian Ocean (TEI). The negative heat content anomalies (HCA) emerged in the TWP before this El Nino burst while the SLA signals developed over there. During the mature stage of this El Nino, two kinds of signals in the TWP and TEI turned to be the maximum negative sequently. Due to the connected interannual adjustment between the TEI and TWP, we adopted a method to estimate the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) transport by calculating the HCA budget in the TEI. The indirect estimation of the ITF was comparable to the observation values. Therefore, the anomalies in the TEI had been proved as adv     

Indonesian Throughflow in an eddy-resolving ocean model

The performance of the eddy-resolving LICOM2.0 in simulating the Indonesian Throughflow has been evaluated against the INSTANT data in the present study. The mean vertical structures of the along strait velocities are simulated well in LICOM2.0, but the large velocities at the bottom of the Lifamatola Passage and the Timor Passage cannot be reproduced by LICOM2.0. The causes are considered to be both the errors in the topography and the tidal mixing at the bottom. Despite several biases in the mean velocities, the mean inflow and outflow volume transports in LICOM2.0 are almost identical to the INSTANT data. Com- pared with the lower resolution LICOM, the most significant improvement is the better simulation of the partitions of the inflow and outflow transports in individual straits. The outflow for low-resolution LICOM is mainly through the Ombai and Lombok Strait, whereas that for LICOM2.0 is mainly through the Timor Passage. The variability of the vertical structure of velocities and the volume transport are also investigated, LICOM2.0 overestimates the magnitude of the upper-layer currents and the amplitude of the variation. We also found that the largest correlation coefficient occurs in the shallowest strait, the Lombok, whereas the lowest occurs in the Timor Passage, especially in the upper layer. The latter may be caused by the unrealistic transport through the Torres Strait in LICOM2.0.     

Connection between interannual variability of the western Pacific and eastern Indian Oceans in the 1997～1998 El Niño event

In this paper,the sea surface height and the heat content of the upper ocean are analyzed to retrieve the relationship of interannual variabilities between the tropical western Pacific and eastern Indian Oceans during the 1997～1998 El Ni(n)o event.In the prophase of this El Ni(n)o,the negative sea level anomalies (SLA) occurred in the tropical western Pacific (TWP) firstly,and then appeared in the tropical eastern Indian Ocean (TEI).The negative heat content anomalies (HCA) emerged in the TWP before this El Ni?o burst while the SLA signals developed over there.During the mature stage of this El Ni(n)o,two kinds of signals in the TWP and TEI turned to be the maximum negative sequently.Due to the connected interannual adjustment between the TEI and TWP,we adopted a method to estimate the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) transport by calculating the HCA budget in the TEI.The indirect estimation of the ITF was comparable to the observation values.Therefore,the anomalies in the TEI had been proved as advecting from the TWP through the ITF during the 1997～1998 El Ni(n)o.     

奇异增长曲线模型中回归系数阵的最优估计

讨论了协差阵可能奇异情形下回归系数阵的最优估计，作为特例给出了协差阵非奇异时回归系数阵的最优估计，同时给出了最小二乘估计与最优估计相等的条件．     

印尼语视听说教学中影视教材的选用

对于印尼语学习者而言,模拟的语言环境对语言综合运用能力非常关键,影视教材在其中起着不可替代的作用。授课教师应当从语言、内容和价值观等方面合理选择影视材料,并在利用过程中充分发挥学生的主动性。     

在整体色对称模型下的夸克囚禁势

在整体色对称模型框架下,基于已经确定好的双定域场,推导了等效的夸克夸克相互作用势．结果表明除了通常的单π及单σ交换项外,自动出现了带有屏蔽因子的囚禁势．     

河北省海洋资源及海洋产业匹配分析

从提高资源利用和生产效率的角度,比较,分析了河北省在环渤海地区的海洋资源现状、海洋资源与海洋产业的匹配情况,揭示出河北省在海洋资源开发和经济发展中的优势与问题。     

印度尼西亚地区南岛语民族的形成初探

南岛语民族是一个重要的民族群体,这个民族群体主要分布在东南亚的海岛地区,是海岛地区的主体民族。但研究表明,这个民族群体并不是当地的土著,而是后来才迁徙过来的。在南岛语民族先民迁徙的过程中,他们也来到了今天的印度尼西亚地区。先后迁徙到印度尼西亚群岛的南岛语民族的先民,在以后的发展过程中,由于地理隔绝,形成了诸多新的民族集团或支系。     

Influence of the Indonesian Throughflow on the upwelling off the east coast of South Java

A wave-tide-circulation coupled model is used to simulate upwelling off the south coast of Java, Indone- sia. The results show that the vertical velocity off East Java is stronger than other parts in this area. The strongest vertical velocity is located approximately at 80 m depth. The annual averaged values of upwelling are 2.3 × 10-6 and 1.06 × 10-5 m/s for south of West Java and south of East Java, respectively. The vertical velocity from the model shows that upwelling off West Java has seasonal variability, while it is quite steady and strong off East Java. Additional numerical experiments show that the wind is not the dominant factor for the steady upwelling off the southern part of East Java. It is then hypothesized that the Indonesian Throughflow （ITF） may be responsible for the upwelling. To test this hypothesis, two scenarios are implemented, both of which block the outflow of the ITF. Sensitive study shows that the ITF plays a key role in the formation of East Java upwelling. The effect of the ITF can account for about 55 %-65 % of the upwelling.     

印尼煤的煤质特征及与国内炼焦煤配伍性研究

对某焦化公司进口的印尼焦煤、肥煤、1/3焦煤以及国内同牌号的田庄焦煤、两渡肥煤和枣庄1/3焦煤进行煤质及单种煤结焦性对比分析,并以生产常用配比为基础进行20kg实验焦炉配煤炼焦实验,探讨印尼煤与国内炼焦煤的配伍性能。结果表明,印尼煤均是低灰、低硫、强黏结性、高膨胀性、低流动性的单一煤,其活性高,活惰比均不低于24,而国内炼焦煤有一定的混配,其活惰比为1～2,活性组分和惰性组分含量较为均衡;印尼单种煤所制焦炭的强度和热性能较差;印尼煤替代国内同牌号煤进行配煤炼焦,所制焦炭质量明显下降,并且替代量越大,焦炭质量下降越多。     

An adaptive push-styled command and control mechanism in mobile botnets

The mobile botnet, developed from the traditional PC-based botnets, has become a practical underlying trend. In this paper, we design a mobile botnet, which exploits a novel command and control (C&C) strategy named Push-Styled C&C. It utilizes Google cloud messaging (GCM) service as the botnet channel. Compared with traditional botnet, Push-Styled C&C avoids direct communications between botmasters and bots, which makes mobile botnets more stealthy and resilient. Since mobile devices users are sensitive to battery power and traffic consumption, Push- Styled botnet also applies adaptive network connection strategy to reduce traffic consumption and cost. To prove the efficacy of our design, we implemented the prototype of Push-Style C&C in Android. The experiment results show that botnet traffic can be concealed in legal GCM traffic with low traffic cost.     

加强广西海洋环境保护工作迫在眉睫

阐述广西海洋环境的现状,认为人为因素造成海洋环境污染出现了负面效应;无序开发造成海岸自然环境侵蚀严重;海洋环境保护管理体制出现权属不明、各自为政、互不渗透、法规不全的情况,建议广西海洋环境保护工作走以块为主,条块结合的路子。     

红树林区经济动物及生态养殖模式

对红树林区发展生态养殖的必要性,途径和效益进行了分析,红树林区经济价值较高的海洋动物主要有鱼,虾,蟹,贝和星虫５大类,基围养殖,围网养殖和封滩轮育等是红树林区生态养殖的主要模式。     

铁山港海洋环境资源的保护与利用建议

分析铁山港海洋环境的基本状况,认为人为因素造成港湾海域出现了负面效应;无序开发造成海岸自然环境侵蚀严重;过渡的浅海捕捞造成渔业资源种类和数量衰退。建议港湾环境资源保护工作首先要制定经济开发和资源利用总体规划,其次是加强法规实施力度。     

深海泥的矿物组成及其物化性能研究

采用化学分析、X射线衍射、差热和热重分析、粒度与比表面积分析等技术、方法对5个我国南海深海泥样品进行了研究.结果表明,不同区域的深海泥中,其矿物组成有显著的差异,其中粘土矿物、石英、碳酸盐为主要的结晶相矿物;同时,非晶质粘土矿物广泛发育.深海泥中的矿物质具有粒径小、比表面积大、粘土矿物结晶程度差等特点,因此具有较好的活性.深海泥将是一种巨大的潜在非金属矿产资源.     

基于BCSD降尺度方法的黄河源区气候变化预测

采用BCSD降尺度方法,根据黄河源区16个气象站基准期(1961—1990年)的逐日降水量、气温,最高气温和最低气温资料,对IPCCAR4 中的20个GCM模式在A1B情景下的气象资料进行降尺度研究,并简单论证了BCSD的降尺度效果及其结果的可信性。基于降尺度分析结果,预测在A1B情景下,黄河源区温度普遍升高,增幅约为0.032 ℃／a,降水量呈现波动状微弱上升趋势,增幅约为0.50 mm／a,同时从流域空间分布上看,东南部降水和气温的增加效果显著,一定程度上可认为黄河源区东南部有暖湿化的演变趋势。