1979年5—6月南海及其邻近地区的垂直环流

本文分析1979年5—6月南海及其邻近地区的垂直环流,得到主要结果是:(1)沿110°E和120°E 5月平均经圈环流位置对称但强度不一致,沿110°E 的垂直环流比沿120°E 的强。反环流圈在15°N 至20°N,10—15°N 有Hadley 环流。沿110°E 较强的反环流圈与其相联系的上升气流,表明南海季风环流在5月已建立.(2)6月沿110°E 与120°E 的平均经圈环流在7—25°N 之间是对称的,反环流圈继5月向北移,位于20—25°E,其南侧的Hadley 环流也北移5个纬度。强度均比5月为弱。(3)5月的平均东西垂直环流,沿15°N 南海地区是下沉气流。沿20°N 和25°N 气流在110°E 的东侧上升,向西下沉。(4)与此相反,6月气流在115°E 以西上升,在115°E 以东下沉,形成东西垂直环流圈。这个东西垂直环流圈,促使南海西南季风加强。同时副热带反气旋东撤,西南季风不断向北推进。     

1982～1996年亚洲热带夏季风建立迟早的探讨(Ⅰ)热带季风环流的主要特征和季风建立指数

利用NCEP再分析的 1982～ 1996年的风场和高度场资料 ,分析讨论了亚洲热带夏季风环流的若干基本特征 ;从季风环流的主要特征出发 ,定义了一个季风建立指数 ;计算、确定和分析了东亚季风区和印度季风区 15年平均的季风建立时间 .结果表明 ,在 1982～ 1996年期间 ,平均而言 ,东亚热带季风 5月第 4候建立 ,维持到 10月第 2候 ;印度季风 6月第 2候建立 ,比南海热带季风晚约 4候 ,持续至 9月第 1候     

1982～1996年亚洲热带夏季风建立迟早的探讨 Ⅱ.热带季风建立迟早的年际变化

利用反映热带季风环流系统流场特征的季风建立指数IWH和NCEP再分析的 1982～1996年及 1998年SCSMEX试验期间的风场和高度场资料 ,计算、确定和分析了东亚季风区和印度季风区逐年热带季风的建立时间 .并与其他作者用不同指数所得结果进行了比较。结果表明 ,IWH是一个能够反映亚洲热带夏季风环流主要特征、适合用于确定季风建立迟早的指数 ;在 1982～ 1996年期间 ,在东亚季风区 ,热带季风建立较早 (比平均情况早 2候或以上 )的年份有 1984、 1994和 1996年 ,建立较迟的年份有 1982、 1985、 1987、 1991和 1993年 ;东亚热带季风建立时间的年际变化 (标准差为 2 3候 )比印度季风大 ,反映东亚季风区环流变化较印度季风区更为复杂 .     

冬春海温异常对东亚初夏季风环流的影响

用ＯＳＵ的两层大气环流模式进行了热带西太平洋冬春海温异常对东亚初夏（５月）季风环流影响的数值试验．结果表明：①海温的负距平引起西太平洋副热带高压脊南落和西伸，东亚热带季风环流减弱，我国西南和华南地区的降水增加；②海温的正距平引起西太平洋副热带高压明显减弱，西太平洋的赤道西风加强，我国西南和华南地区的降水减少     

南亚夏季西南季风成因的数值试验研究

本文利用一个有限区域的大气环流格点模式研究了南亚夏季西南季风形成的原因.一系列数值试验结果的对比分析表明:(1)大尺度地形的热力作用在西南季风的形成中起了决定性作用,而其动力作用的贡献甚小.3000米以上青藏高原的热力影响对高原附近1000公里以内西南季风形成的作用更为重要.(2)索马里急流对南亚15°N 以北西南季风的形成作用不大,且西南季风的强弱也与索马里急流的存在及强度无关.     

1982～1996年亚洲热带夏季风建立迟早的探讨

利用ＮＣＥＰ再分析的１９８２～１９９６年的风场和高度场资料,分析讨论了亚洲热带夏季风环流的若干基本特征;从季风环流的主要特征出发,定义了一个季风建立指数;计算、确定和分析了东亚季负区和印度季风区１５年平均的季风建立时间,结果表明,在１９８２～１９９６年期间,平均而言,东来热带季风５月第４侯建立,维持到１０月第２侯;印度季风６月第２侯建立,比南海热带季风晚约４侯,持续至９月第１候。     

四川主要森林植被地理学

四川省位于东经97°21′——110°12′,北纬26°03′——34°19′之间,应属于亚热带地区。由于本省境内地形的差异,川西为高原山地与高山峡谷(即横断山地的北部),川东为盆地,大气环流受到影响。西部高原山地成为季风高原山地气候,川东为亚热带湿润气候,川西南为干湿交替的西南季风气候。地貌与气候的复杂化,特别是植物区系非常丰富,约一万种,因而使森林的类型。结构和分布复杂化。四川是我国三大林区的一部分,森林资源丰富,研究本省的森林具有重要的意义。     

南海表层环流和热结构特征的数值模拟与影响因素分析

 采用普林斯顿海洋模式,在真实的地形数据、计算区域右边界上半部分设为开边界的条件下,对南中国海98°-126°E,3°S -26°N的范围进行了环流和温度结构的模拟。模拟从静止的海洋开始,以1月份的月平均温盐数据为初始场,在12个不同的月平均风场驱动下,模式稳定地模拟了4个模式年。从第3年开始进行数据分析。首先从数值模拟的角度给出了南海表层环流和热结构的时空演变过程,继而详细分析了气候和环境因素的影响。结果表明：冬季南海主要被一个大的气旋式环流占据,夏季主要呈大的反气旋式环流。春季和秋季是季风转换季节,南海环流在受到上一个季节影响的同时也向下一个季节的典型流态转换,并由多个涡旋组成。此外,气候和环境条件的设置,都会影响到南海的环流和热结构特征。     

2003年夏季江淮特大暴雨成因分析

利用全球NCEP／NCAR资料,采用诊断分析方法,对2003年夏季6月29日～7月4日发生在淮河流域的特大暴雨过程成因进行了分析,结果表明：暴雨出现与大气环流异常以及水汽输送、西南季风的异常偏强有关;暴雨区的水汽来源于阿拉伯海至孟加拉湾及北太平洋至中国南海地区。     

巴丹吉林沙漠更新世古风向变化及环境意义

古大气环流研究旨在揭示高大沙山形成发育过程中地表风系的变化和大气环流形式。通过对巴丹吉林沙漠的沙山形态、沙山地层测年、古沙丘层理结构以及区域风况等的综合研究 ,表明末次间冰期以前该区主要受西风环流控制 ,地表盛行风向为西风 ,次为西北风 ,河湖水系较发育 ;末次冰期以来该区主要受东亚季风环流影响 ,地表盛行风向为西北风 ,次为西风 ,风沙活动居主导地位。古风向变化可能是青藏高原隆升对西风环流的阻挡与对东亚季风环流强化的具体表现     

Interdecadal variations of the East Asian winter surface air temperature and possible causes

Using the NCEP/NCAR and JRA-25 monthly analysis data from 1979 to 2011, this paper analyzes the interdecadal variations of winter (Dec.–Feb.) mean surface air temperature (SAT) over East Asia by means of the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis method. Two dominant modes were extracted, with the leading mode basically depicting a sign consistent SAT variation and the second mode describing a meridional dipole structure between the northern and southern parts of East Asia. These two modes can explain more than 60% of the variance. The leading mode is closely related to the intensity of Siberian high and the East Asian winter monsoon. The second mode exhibits a notable interdecadal shift in the late 1990s, with a turning point around 1996/1997. Winter SAT in the northern (southern) part of East Asia tends to be cooler (warmer) since the late 1990. Winter sea level pressure (SLP) differences between 1997–2011 and 1979–1996 show negative (positive) anomalies over southern (northern) Eurasia. At 500-hPa, an anomalous blocking high occurs over northern Eurasia, while a cyclone anomaly appears over northern East Asia. In addition, the upper-level East Asian jet stream tends to shift northward and become stronger after the late 1990. Indeed, the interdecadal shift of winter SAT over East Asia is dynamical consistent with changes of the large-scale atmospheric circulation in the late 1990s. The result indicates that previous autumn sea surface temperature (SST) in the North Atlantic Ocean, the Northern Indian Ocean and the western North Pacific Ocean, as well as sea ice concentration (SIC) in the northern Eurasia marginal seas and the Beaufort Sea also experienced obvious changes in the late 1990s. In particular, the interdecadal shifts of both SST in the North Atlantic Ocean and SIC in the Arctic Ocean and its marginal seas are well coherent with that of the winter SAT over East Asia. The results indicate that the interdecadal shift of East Asian winter SAT may be related to changes in the North Atlantic SST and the Arctic SIC in the late 1990s.     

East Asian monsoon change for the 21st century: Results of CMIP3 and CMIP5 models

Forty-two climate models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phases 3 and 5 were first evaluated in terms of their ability to simulate the present climatology of the East Asian winter (December-February) and summer (June-August) monsoons. The East Asian winter and summer monsoon changes over the 21st century were then projected using the results of 31 and 29 reliable climate models under the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) mid-range A1B scenario or the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) mid-low-range RCP4.5 scenario, respectively. Results showed that the East Asian winter monsoon changes little over time as a whole relative to the reference period 1980-1999. Regionally, it weakens (strengthens) north (south) of about 25°N in East Asia, which results from atmospheric circulation changes over the western North Pacific and Northeast Asia owing to the weakening and northward shift of the Aleutian Low, and from decreased north- west-southeast thermal and sea level pressure differences across Northeast Asia. In summer, monsoon strengthens slightly in East China over the 21st century as a consequence of an increased land-sea thermal contrast between the East Asian continent and the adjacent western North Pacific and South China Sea.     

The East Asian summer monsoon circulation anomaly index and its interannual variations

Based on the concept of East Asia-Pacific (EAP) teleconnection which influences East Asian summer monsoon, an index for East Asian summer monsoon circulation anomaly was defined and it was pointed out that this index can describle the interannual variation character of summer climate in East Asia, especially in the Yangtze River and Huaihe River Valley.     

Southern Hemisphere mean zonal wind in upper troposphere and East Asian summer monsoon circulation

1 Introduction Variability of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) has been detected by considering roles of El Nino and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle, snow cover over Eurasia and Tibetan Plateau, and signals from the soil (namely, the soil temperatur…     

Multiscale characteristics of the rainy season rainfall and interdecadal decaying of summer monsoon in North China

This paper focuses on the rainfall spectrum and its evolution of North China in rainy season with summer monsoon decaying in interdecadal time scale. The interannual component of the rainfall is the dominant part, accounting for 85% of the total variance, and has been changed significantly during the last 30 years. According to wavelet analysis its 5a periodic spectrum suddenly disappeared in the late 1960s, and its biennial oscillation gradually become weaker and weaker since 1970, accompanied by the summer monsoon decaying. Contrarily, the interdecadal component is principal in the summer monsoon over North China and is very similar to the counterpart of the rainfall. Their interdecadal parts are significantly correlated, and the correlation coefficient is nearly equal to the one of the original sequences.Besides, the dry and wet climate alternated with the monsoon abrupt changes in the 1960s and the 1970s over East Asia, apart from North China, climate drifted from a light drought to a severe drought during the past 30 years.     

Regional integrated environmental model system and its simulation of East Asia summer monsoon

A continuous 22-year simulation in Asia for the period of 1 January 1979 to 31 December 2000 was conducted using the Regional Integrated Environmental Model System （RIEMS 2.0） with NCEP Reanalysis II data as the driving fields. The model processes include surface physics state package （BATS le）, a Grell cumulus parameterization, and a modified radiation package （CCM3） with the focus on the ability of the model to simulate the summer monsoon over East Asia. The analysis results show that （1） RIEMS reproduces well the spatial pattern and the seasonal cycle of surface temperature. When regionally averaged, the summer mean temperature biases are within 1-2℃（2） For precipitation, the model reproduces well the spatial pattern, and temporal evolution of the East Asia summer monsoon rain belt, with steady phases separated by more rapid transitions, is reproduced. The rain belt simulated by RIEMS 2.0 is closer to observation than by RIEMS 1.0. （3） RIEMS 2.0 can reasonably reproduce the large-scale circulation.     

亚欧大陆经向热力差异对亚洲季风的影响Ⅰ:与东亚冬季风的关系

 通过对亚欧大陆不同季节热力变化的对比分析,发现亚欧大陆冬、春季有明显的经向热力差异,夏、秋季存在准纬向的热力差异.进一步分析还发现大陆冬季经向热力差异与东亚冬季风有很好的正相关关系,即热力差异指数越大(小),则东亚冬季风越强(弱);在经向热力异常发生的同时,洋面热力状况也显著不同,从而导致东亚地区不同区域间海陆热力对比发生变化,引起降水分布的不同.     

华北夏季降水年代际变化与东亚夏季风、大气环流异常

利用华北夏季降水资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,对华北夏季降水、东亚夏季风年代际变化特征及大气环流异常进行研究,发现一些有意义的结果:华北夏季降水变化存在明显的8a、18a周期,东亚夏季风变化18a、28a周期性比较明显,二者年代际变化特征明显,但华北夏季降水变化和东亚夏季风变化的周期不完全一致.华北夏季降水量变化在60年代中期发生了突变,东亚夏季风变化在70年代中期发生了突变.华北夏季降水与东亚夏季风变化存在很好的相关关系,强夏季风年,华北夏季降水一般偏多,弱夏季风年,华北夏季降水一般偏少,但又不完全一致.东亚夏季风减弱是造成华北夏季降水减少的一个重要因素,但不是唯一因素,华北夏季降水减少还与环流异常密切相关.在地面上,青臧高原地区、华北地区气温下降造成华北低压系统活动减少,不利于降水.在850 hPa层上,东亚中纬度的西南季风和副热带高压南部的偏东风、西北部的西南风异常减弱,使得西南气流输送水汽很多难以到达30°N以北的地区,而副热带高压西部外围偏东南、偏南气流输送到华北地区的水汽也大量减少,水汽不足造成华北夏季降水偏少.在500 hPa高度场上,80年代欧亚遥相关型表现与50年代相反,变为欧洲( )、乌拉尔山(-)、中亚( )形势,这种环流使得乌拉尔山高压脊减弱,贝加尔湖至青藏高原高空槽变浅,纬向环流表现突出,不利于冷暖空气南北交换.同时在500 hPa气温场上,80年代,西伯利亚至青藏高原西北部的冷槽明显东移南压到蒙古至华北地区,锋区位于华北以东以南位置,使得华北地区冷暖空气交汇减少,降水也因此减少.华北夏季降水减少是由于东亚夏季风减弱和大气环流异常造成的.     

亚欧大陆经向热力差异对亚洲季风影响的研究 Ⅱ:对东亚夏季风的影响

 通过比较亚欧大陆经向热力异常年份冬季及后期热力场、海温和对流活动的变化特征后,初步得出如下结论:亚欧大陆南、北区域间的热力差异从冬季持续到春季,一般在4月份减弱消失.由于后期初夏和夏季的热带海温和东亚地区空间热力分布的不同,引起经向环流异常,从而导致东亚地区季风转换及降水分布的不同.