土壤水分运移温度效应的数值研究

分析了土壤水分运移温度效应的机理,基于“表面张力-粘滞流理论”对“六场-相变-扩散模型”中的土水势、非饱和水力传导系数和水分扩散系数三个参数进行了改进,即考虑了它们的温度效应,继而通过对0.2 m×0.2 m的二维砂土剖面的热湿耦合运移进行了为期60 d的数值计算,通过比较原模型和改进模型的计算结果,考察了土壤水分运移温度效应的大小.计算结果表明:第10 d,20 d,30 d,40 d,50 d和60 d时,温度效应对土壤水分含量的相对影响分别为4.98%,5.57%,6.23%,6.96%,7.78%和8.7%.同时发现,土壤水分运移的温度效应在土壤表层表现得最为明显.     

土壤中水、热、盐耦合运移的数值模拟

分析了盐分在土壤中的动态迁移特征及其影响因素,综合运用多孔介质热、质传递理论,考虑温度效应对土壤湿分迁移的影响以及不动水体与盐分吸附或解吸作用,建立了全面描述土壤中水、热、盐耦合运移的数学模型并进行相应的数值研究,获得土壤中水、热、盐的动态迁移特性,探讨了土壤质地对盐分运移的影响,以期为土壤次生盐渍的防治提供有效的理论指导.模拟结果表明:盐分运移受土壤质地与结构的影响较大,并与土壤水分运移密切相关.     

基于MATLAB的土壤水分运移数值模拟

土壤水分运移曲线是模拟水分在土壤中运移的关键.基于水分运移RICHARDS方程的二维数值模型,采用MATLAB对膜下滴灌的点源和线源土壤水分运移过程进行数值模拟,以砂壤土的膜下滴灌为试验和仿真的对象,利用MATLAB中的PDE工具,对土壤水分运移过程进行数值模拟,得到滴灌条件下土壤水分的水平运移和垂直运移曲线,并将实测曲线和拟合曲线进行了比较,结果表明偏差较小.     

热渗耦合的井抽灌系统对地温场的影响

针对水源热泵抽灌对地温场的影响,运用Comsol Multiphysics多物理场全耦合软件建立热渗耦合的数值计算三维模型。对比分析不同回灌量下地温场分布云图和不同回灌量下地温场的分布规律,得出单井回灌量越大热影响半径越大、同时热峰面向抽水井方向运移速度越快,达到热贯通时间越短;前期系统运行回灌井附近区域温度变化明显,后期系统运行对回灌井周边较远区域温度变化较影响明显;不同位置热运移规律均与渗流速度相关,影响半径基本与渗流速度呈正比。     

长春地区季节冻土水热迁移的分析与模拟

为了揭示季节性冻土中地下水的运移规律,在长春进行了为期5个月的现场冻深、含水量、地温观测,同时进行了室内试验研究,并建立模型分析水的运移规律。结果表明:导热系数随着温度的降低略有增大,但增率很小,当温度变化1℃,导热系数的变化在1%左右,所以计算中可忽略温度变化对导热系数的影响,并且需要加入一个过渡函数来防止数值模拟过程中的不收敛问题。改进后的数值模拟方法可以正确揭示冻土中水分迁移的规律,并进一步指导工程实践。     

变温条件下深部煤层瓦斯分布规律的数值模拟

深部煤层瓦斯运移过程及分布规律与温度场、瓦斯渗流场及应力场耦合密切相关.基于深部煤层瓦斯运移的热流固耦合模型,结合实际的煤层条件和实测数据,开展了煤层瓦斯赋存规律的数值模拟,研究了瓦斯压力和瓦斯含量分布规律的影响因素.结果表明:煤层渗透率是影响瓦斯压力分布的主要因素,其中煤体的有效应力系数、初始孔隙率、弹性模量以及吸附应变系数均对渗透率有着重要的影响;煤层瓦斯含量受瓦斯压力和煤层温度的共同影响,不考虑煤层温度预测得到的瓦斯含量结果偏大.     

温度效应对非饱和土壤中湿分迁移影响的实验

在多种条件下,对非饱和多孔土壤中温度和湿分分布的动态特性进行了实验研究,分析了温度效应对水分运移的影响.结果表明:温度对土壤水分含量的影响显著,随着温度升高,土壤持水性降低,水分含量明显降低;在周期性变化的土壤温度的作用下,土壤水分含量则呈周期性变化;土壤润湿度与温度变化幅度共同决定温度效应对土壤湿分迁移的影响程度,由温度和温度梯度引起的湿分迁移在含水量中等程度的土壤中作用明显.     

垃圾填埋场中土壤水分滞后效应的影响因素

为定量描述垃圾填埋场中土壤水分变化情况,必须考虑滞后效应的影响.对填埋场分层填土及封场后表层覆土的滞后效应进行了数值模拟,并对土壤水分特征曲线模型参数进行了灵敏度分析,结果表明:质地对滞后的影响明显,颗粒越细,曲线斜率越大;随着α的增大,土壤水分特征曲线右移,α越大,滞后现象越明显.通过滞后效应对垃圾土壤水分运移的影响规律的研究,可为室内试验和现场试验参数的选取和测定提供理论依据.     

CO_2化学刺激剂对增强地热系统热储层的改造作用

基于松辽盆地徐家围子地区大庆油田钻井的地球物理和地球化学参数,建立反应性溶质运移模型,模拟CO2化学刺激剂对热储层渗透性的改造作用,分析不同地层压力、温度下的刺激效果,并讨论注入水的化学成分对刺激效果的影响。研究结果表明:孔隙度的增加主要源于原生碳酸盐矿物的溶蚀;通过高温高压反应釜模拟不同温度、压力、水化学条件下CO2化学刺激剂与方解石(主要碳酸盐矿物)的化学反应,实验结果反映出的碳酸盐矿物溶蚀规律与数值模拟结果基本一致。     

共和盆地增强型地热系统开采过程数值模拟

 干热岩资源是未来重要的清洁型能源,增强型地热系统(EGS)能够实现干热岩资源的开发利用。青海共和盆地干热岩资源储量巨大,可以作为EGS 系统的靶区之一。水在热储层中的运移包含复杂的水-热耦合过程,不同的EGS 运行方案对电厂发电能力有重要影响。本文基于共和盆地深部地质条件,建立了表征EGS 系统水热特征的数值模型,研究了温度场、压力场的时空分布特征,并分析注入流体温度和循环流速两个可控因素对提热过程的影响。结果表明:在设计的运行方案(循环流速20 kg/s;注入温度60℃)下,最大提热速率可达11 MW,储层寿命为22 年。注入温度每降低10℃,系统最大提热速率约增加10%,且对储层寿命没有明显影响;增加循环流速可以得到更大的热提取速率,但会减少储层寿命。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the