考虑粒子阻碍效应的再结晶元胞自动机模型

为了更合理地仿真第二相粒子材料的再结晶过程,在单相材料再结晶元胞自动机模型中引入Zener亚晶长大阻力和小粒子钉扎晶界的元胞取向转换规则,创建了细小的第二相粒子材料的再结晶元胞自动机模型,实现了铁素体钢板的再结晶退火过程仿真.结果表明:所建模型全面考虑了变温-回复、晶粒变形储能不均、亚晶异常长大形核机制和小粒子阻碍效应的综合影响,模拟的组织演变及其动力学分析揭示了与理论和实际相符的规律:小粒子尺寸越小、数量越多,再结晶抑制效应越强,再结晶的孕育期及过程越长.     

形变热处理对含铋Al-Li-Cu-Mg-Zr系合金再结晶的影响

采用形变热处理工艺对Al-1.98Li-1.90Cu-1.27Mg-0.18Zr合金的再结晶进行了研究。结果表明,再结晶前存在的第二相粒子的大小、分布对再结晶影响很大。时效温度越高,析出粒子直径越大,密度越低,再结晶程度就越高,晶粒也就越小,但再结晶晶粒大小不均。这与再结晶形核机制有关。电子探针分析表明,粗大的第二相粒子主要是富铜的θ或T_1相和富Cu,Mg的S相粒子。     

预析出对冷轧3003铝合金析出行为及再结晶晶粒尺寸的影响

通过电阻法、光学显微镜观察、扫描电子显微镜观察以及能谱分析, 研究预析出对冷轧3003铝合金析出行为及再结晶晶粒尺寸的影响. 研究结果表明： 3003铝合金经610 ℃/36 h均匀化接着经480 ℃/10 h预析出处理后, 晶粒内析出大量含Mn的第二相粒子, 降低了固溶体中的Mn含量, 从而降低了合金冷轧后再结晶退火时的析出驱动力, 其析出温度比未经预析出合金的温度提高了约50 ℃. 在最后的再结晶退火过程中, 在再结晶基体上第二次析出的弥散粒子与预析出的粒子共同阻碍了再结晶晶粒的长大, 从而获得了晶粒细小的再结晶组织.     

稀土元素La,Y对钨材显微组织和性能的影响

本文借助金相显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射技术等手段研究了稀土钨加工材的显微组织和性能、稀土第二相粒子在加工和退火过程中的变化规律及稀土钨材的再结晶行为特征。结果表明:稀土元素La,Y的存在强烈地抑制垂熔过程中钨晶粒的长大,而且Y的抑制作用更为显著;随着加工过程的进行,将发生大尺寸第二相粒子的变形和破裂而小尺寸粒子不变形的过程,这一过程将改变第二相粒子在钨基体中的弥散状态,最终影响到钨材的加工性能、再结晶行为及热电子发射性能;此外第二相粒子在高温下的稳定性也是影响材料高温性能、再结晶行为和热电子发射性能的关键因素。     

高强铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头粒子贫乏区的形成机理

采用搅拌摩擦焊技术对5mm厚的2024-T4高强铝合金进行对接焊试验.研究粒子贫乏区的微观组织特征、形成机理及其对力学性能的影响.结果表明:粒子贫乏区位于紧靠焊核区的前进侧热机影响区一侧,与前进侧热机影响区具有一致的方向性;和相邻区域相比,出现第二相粒子的显著贫乏,贫乏区宽度平均约30μm.粒子贫乏区的形成是由于前进侧热机影响区晶粒拉长、弯曲,而弯曲的晶界曲率引起界面能差,从而使得晶界发生迁移;晶界迁移的驱动力主要为搅拌针旋转所产生的剪应力.第二相粒子对晶界的钉扎能随着第二相体积分数的降低而降低,粒子贫乏区的存在减弱第二相粒子对晶界的钉扎作用,使得前进侧热机影响区在拉伸过程中易于断裂,成为接头的薄弱区.     

铝锂合金超塑性变形模型

透射电镜(TEM)观察表明 8090 和 CP276 铝锂合金在超塑性变形最佳条件下,除位错滑移、攀移和扩散蠕变外,还发生贯穿变形始终的动态回复和动态再结晶,研究指出,8090和 CP276 铝锂合金的超塑性变形是位错滑移、在晶界上的位错攀移、三角晶界处阻碍晶粒的动态再结晶及扩散蠕变共同协调晶界滑动的过程,其中,在晶界上的位错攀移及三角晶界处阻碍晶粒的动态再结晶是两个交替作用的速控过程。本文提出了有动态回复和动态再结晶参与协调晶界滑动的超塑性变形复合模型。由该模型解释了 8090 铝锂合金冷、热轧态及 CP276铝锂合金超塑性能的差异。     

轧制工艺对8090合金超塑变形的影响

研究了350℃热轧和室温冷轧对8090合金超塑性的影响。变形结果表明,热轧态的8090 合金的最佳延伸率为530％,而冷轧的达到630％。透射电镜观察及晶界角度测量结果表明,冷轧试样获得了较小尺寸的位错胞,在超塑变形初期冷轧试样中的应变诱发再结晶比热轧的快。在δ=25％时,冷轧试样的大角度晶界(≥10°)分数为0.67。而热轧的只有0.48。研究指出,应变诱发再结晶对细化晶粒和提高大角度晶界分数的作用明显地影响合金的超塑性能。     

钪对铝锂合金再结晶温度的影响

通过硬度测量和微观金相观察,研究了钪对铝锂合金再结晶过程的影响.结果表明,向铝锂合金加入微量的钪,可以在合金中形成尺寸细小、密集度高而且弥散分布的Al3Sc和Al3(Scx,Zr1-x)相粒子,能有效阻碍位错的移动和亚晶界的迁移与合并,稳定亚晶结构,对晶界有很强的钉扎作用,从而抑制了再结晶晶粒的形核与长大,提高了铝锂合金的再结晶温度.     

轧制工艺对8090合金超塑变形的影响

研究了350℃热轧和室温冷轧对8090合金超塑性的影响,变形结果表明,热轧态的8090合金的最佳延伸率为530％,而冷轧的达到630％,透射电镜观察及晶界角度测量结果表明,冷轧试样获得了较小尺寸的位错胞,在超塑变形初期冷轧试样中的应变诱发再结晶比热轧的快,在δ=25％时,冷轧试样的大角度晶界(≥10℃)分数为0.67,而热轧的只有0.48,研究指出,应变诱发再结晶细化晶粒和提高大角度晶界分数的作用明显地影响合金的超塑性能。     

01420铝锂合金的粒子激发再结晶形核

通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜及透射电镜观察,研究01420铝锂合金的第二相粒子对激发再结晶形核和晶粒大小的影响。研究结果表明:在300℃时随着时效时间的延长,基体析出直径大于0．80μm的第二相粒子的密度逐渐增大,在48 h时达到峰值;轧制变形时,在这些粒严周围形成的强烈变形区是再结晶晶粒的形核位置。时效后析出的大尺寸粒子为S(Al2MgLi)相和β(Mg2Al3)相,其中大多数为S相,而该质点脆性极大,在轧制时破碎成小粒子,很难起到粒子激发形核的作用,时效后析出的大尺寸质点(直径大于0．8μm)密度约为再结晶晶粒密度的20倍。01420铝锂合金经470℃／2h固溶处理、300℃／48 h时效、81％轧制变形及500℃／10 min再结晶退火后,得到的平均晶粒尺寸约为10μm。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the