聚丙烯的准静态热刺激电流与降温极化效应

用阶跃升温热刺激电流（ＴＳＣ）、束缚电荷和剩余电荷等一系列准静态的方法分析了聚丙烯的电荷储存与释放的温度关系，提出了降温极化和循环变温极化的ＴＳＣ方法以研究冷冻过程中极化电荷的变化，三种准静态的ＴＳＣ谱与２℃／ｍｉｎ升温的ＴＳＣ谱相比有－１５℃的温度移动，急速降浊经的电流显示出一个充电峰，其原因是聚合物在低温时保持了高温态的结构，引起了介电常数的突变，导致了聚合物存储较多的束缚电荷，循环变温极化的ＴＳＣ方法证实了在降温极化过程中束缚电荷进入了较的能级，上述循环变温极化的方法有利于制备聚合物驻极体，而急速降温不利于高直流电场或辐射条件下使用的聚合物。     

聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的冷冻介电谱

用冷冻介电谱方法将聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯在液氮温度下冷冻下来的驻极体效应的不同微观机构分开，得到１个快极化和３个偶极取向慢极化成份．     

电介质的结构级别和性质

用组合系综说明了慢效应中的剩余极化．从时域介电谱的慢分量可计算出驻极体中冷冻极化的理论曲线，其结果和实验一致．慢极化属于非马尔可夫过程，其历史记忆效应使电动力学中除麦克斯韦场方程之外还要补充源方程．证明了线性介电响应中存在复介电常数的充分和必要条件为极化过程是马尔可夫过程．在聚合物的β转变中，二级和三级结构运动的恢复力系数出现抛物线型软化．     

聚合物的时域介电谱

在１０４至１０－５Ｈｚ频段，聚合物的介电谱只能用时域参数描述．介质的极化响应可描述为Ａεｓｅｘｐ［－（ｔ／τ）类型的若干个项之和．实验证明在随机驰豫中α＝１，在自由驰豫中则α＝１／２．在低频段用频域方法测量εｓ时．样品中的慢响应极化机构的贡献表现为吸收电流；它使得εｓ没有确定值，时域参数是十分灵敏的方法，它可以检测出对εｓ的贡献只有１０－４的微量极化机构．对于同一种聚合物、慢极化响应的成份决定于材料的加工工艺和添加物．     

均匀极化介质的电势的简明公式及其应用

从介质极化后束缚电荷在空间激发电势的基本公式出发,建立了极化介质产生的电势与其极化强度之间的关系,并由此导出了均匀极化介质产生的电势的一个简明公式,且举例加以应用.     

均匀极化介质的电势的简明公式及其应用

从介质极化后束缚电荷在空间激发电势的基本公式出发,建立了极化介质产生的电势与其极化强度之间的关系,并由此导出均匀化介质产生的电势的一个简明公式,且举例加以应用。     

铌、铁、钛 B 位固溶 PMN 基铁电瓷弛豫特性

铌、铁、钛Ｂ位固溶ＰＭＮ基铁电瓷主晶相呈钙钛矿型结构，其εｔ特性曲线为单峰，介电频谱温度关系具有明显的弛豫特性。实验结果表明，铌、铁、钛Ｂ位固溶浓度增加，其弛豫程度增加，εｔ特性居里峰展宽。Ｂ位多元阳离子的无序排列，引起成分分布起伏，导致自发极化及偏聚微区的局域束缚电荷引起的综合极化效应很大，居里峰提高，并产生扩散相变（ＤＰＴ），居里峰略展宽。     

位移电流的热效应探讨

本文通过对电介质及其极化特性的讨论，分析了在电介质极化中产生位移电流的微观机制，肯定了位移电流中束缚电荷电流效应的存在，并探讨了其热效应的主要特征。     

超声波测定固相沉积点研究

目前国内外广泛采用激光刚定固相沉积点,只适用于较轻透明的油,对于较黑的油因为光无法穿透而无法测试,为适用于高含蜡及沥青的原油固相沉积点测试!,建立了超声波测试固相沉积点的方法,用柴油为溶剂,对石蜡在柴油中的析蜡点进行了研究,在将石蜡加热溶解于柴油后,测定其在不同浓度下石蜡在柴油中的析蜡点。通过实验发现,石蜡析出的温度随着石蜡浓度的增加而增加,超声波在油样中的传播速度随着石蜡浓度的增加而增加,随着温度的降低而增加。实验还发现,在出现石蜡沉积的后期,由于石蜡沉积是一个放热过程,所以在这期l’q,温度下降很缓慢,有时甚至不下降。超声波的传播时间曲线也会在这个时候出现一个水平段。     

电流变效应极化过程的光学特性研究

给出用非线性光学技术研究电流变效应建立的瞬态过程极化机制的方法测定了硅藻土电流变流体的ＳＨＧ信号及其时间响应，发现该信号主要源于流体的界面极化。认为粒子极化和界面极化在电流变效应建立的瞬态过程的不同时段有不同的贡献。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has