多指欠驱动机械手接触力建模及抓取方式分析①

欠驱动机械手具有操作简单,结构紧凑等特点被广泛应用在工业机器人以及航天机器人等领域。建立了欠驱动机械手抓取接触的静力学模型,得到抓取接触力与输入力矩的关系。针对欠驱动机械手包络分析了抓取位置偏差对手指各关节角度的变化影响。通过Matlab编程方式进行了包络抓取方式的数值仿真,验证了抓取模型的正确性。     

机器人抓取工件时手部夹持器驱动力的分析

本文研究的是机器人爪操作器手部突持器抓取工件时，与“手爪开闭自由度”有关的问题．例如：相对这个自由度，必须配备一个驱动系统，因此如何确定该系统的驱动力成了机器人手部夹持器设计中一个至关重要的问题．本文以ＲＲＰＲＲ操作器抓取圆柱齿轮为例，分析如何确定机器人手部夹持器的驱动力．     

多臂抓取工件的受力分析

基于机械臂与工件的硬点和软指两种接触方式,对工件的受力进行分析,建立臂与工件保持接触应满足的约束条件;通过臂动力学方程和关节广义驱动力约束,给出多臂协调抓持力不等式约束,并对抓持力的分配进行初步讨论。     

冗余驱动过约束并联机构受力分析

含有驱动冗余的过约束并联机构具有承载能力大、各向同性良好等特点,但其同时含有主动过约束和被动过约束,受力分析相当复杂。本文以4-PRRR冗余驱动过约束并联机构为对象对该类机构受力的超静定问题进行研究。首先针对主动过约束问题,基于特定的优化目标求解出各驱动力大小。然后针对被动过约束问题,建立各分支过约束力螺旋系的刚度矩阵和机构整体刚度矩阵,分析驱动力在过约束力螺旋系轴线方向产生的耦合变形,采用加权广义逆方法求解得到过约束力螺旋系幅值。联合Solid Works、ANSYS和ADAMS软件建立机构的刚柔混合模型并进行受力仿真分析,仿真结果与理论值基本一致,验证了理论分析结果的合理性。     

滚珠丝杠传动系统的刚度模型

传动链刚度是机床中滚珠丝杠驱动进给系统建模和辨识的关键。该文基于静力学平衡方程和变形协调条件,建立了新的丝杠传动链静刚度模型;结合丝杠两端边界条件,求解其集中载荷过程激励的二阶波动方程频域Fourier变换,建立了分离参数动刚度模型,统一了2种模型。静刚度模型、动刚度模型低频特性与静刚度模型的一致性、动刚度模型的高频特...     

工-夹系统刚度计算及变形加工误差模型

研究切削加工过程中工件-夹具系统的刚度计算方法及变形加工误差.运用经典Hertz接触理论和有限元方法,基于切削加工中工件的准静态受力分析,提出工件-夹具系统刚度计算的新方法,建立了基于工件-夹具系统刚度的工件加工误差预报模型.该方法避免了有限元计算中接触分析的使用,无需多次非线性迭代计算,减少了计算时间.     

机器人多指手的多目标优化抓取规划

针对有摩擦点接触条件下的多指抓取模型,借鉴人手抓取经验,提出了接触安全裕度概念.通过修正摩擦锥约束条件,建立了具有一定接触安全裕度的非线性内力优化模型,用于求解合适的接触力.为获取最优的抓取位形,将物体位姿参数作为变量,确定接触力与多指手关节力矩的关系,基于多指手关节空间内的转角位置度和相对承载能力性能指标,建立了多指抓取的多目标优化模型.最后,以三指手抓取系统为例进行了分析求解,并利用多目标粒子群优化算法进行物体位姿规划,获取了规划模型的非劣解前沿.结果表明,该方法能在保证安全抓取条件下,有效改善多指抓取的综合性能.     

飞网捕获机构中受约束绳索的建模方法研究

针对飞网捕获系统中大量非光滑接触以及刚柔耦合造成的动力学建模困难问题,提出一个简化模型。该模型将收口绳索与收口环和分离体之间的接触视为滑移关节,并采用约束方法开展动力学研究。考虑到滑移关节的碰撞,引入接触刚度,建立滑移关节的接触动力学方程。利用绝对节点坐标法描述绳索单元,采用虚功原理建立绳索单元动力学模型;对于分离体等刚体,采用四元数描述,建立刚体含约束动力学方程。对收口系统的收口过程建模仿真,得到绳索和牵引质量块的运动规律,并对比不同收口环数目下的收口时间和收口程度。研究结果表明,收口环的数目增加可以使边线绳收缩得更加紧凑,但较多的收口环会延长收口时间,降低收口效率。     

多手指机器人动力学建模方法

为了获得多手指机器人动力学解析模型,解决(建模过程)由于系统质量矩阵奇异造成的系统运动方程无解问题,应用Udwadia-Kalaba建模理论,提出了一种新的针对手指机器人的扩展层级建模方法,获得了系统动力学解析模型,解决了手指机器人系统质量矩阵奇异时运动方程无解的问题;以二维三手指机器人为实例,应用扩展层级建模方法,建立了手指机器人和抓取对象组成的多刚体系统动力学解析模型;将三手指机器人的动力学模型进行数值仿真,仿真结果连续、收敛。研究结果表明:提出的建模方法可行、有效,可以快速、高效地建立多手指机器人的动力学模型,可以获得抓取力模型和手指关节力矩模型的解析形式,为进一步实现多手指机器人的力/位混合控制奠定了理论基础。     

多指手自主抓取控制的研究

研究了时间-事件混合驱动的多指手自主抓取控制.在预抓取阶段,采用具有摩擦力补偿的比例-积分-微分(PID)位置控制算法实现手指的精确轨迹跟踪,该算法在传统比例-微分(PD)控制器的基础上,引入变速积分(RVI)提高系统的轨迹跟踪能力,引入平滑非线性反馈(SRNF)进行摩擦力补偿.在抓取阶段,采用基于事件的并行位置/力矩控制算法实现自由运动和约束运动之间的稳定过渡以及约束空间中的力矩控制.该算法采用基于事件的切换器实现控制模式的可靠切换,基于改进的纯积分力控制算法实现系统的稳定过渡和力控制.实验验证了该抓取控制方法的有效性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with