Electron pockets in the Fermi surface of hole-doped high-Tc superconductors

High-temperature superconductivity in copper oxides occurs when the materials are chemically tuned to have a carrier concentration intermediate between their metallic state at high doping and their insulating state at zero doping. The underlying evolution of the electron system in the absence of superconductivity is still unclear, and a question of central importance is whether it involves any intermediate phase with broken symmetry. The Fermi surface of the electronic states in the underdoped 'YBCO' materials YBa2Cu3O(y) and YBa2Cu4O8 was recently shown to include small pockets, in contrast with the large cylinder that characterizes the overdoped regime, pointing to a topological change in the Fermi surface. Here we report the observation of a negative Hall resistance in the magnetic-field-induced normal state of YBa2Cu3O(y) and YBa2Cu4O8, which reveals that these pockets are electron-like rather than hole-like. We propose that these electron pockets most probably arise from a reconstruction of the Fermi surface caused by the onset of a density-wave phase, as is thought to occur in the electron-doped copper oxides near the onset of antiferromagnetic order. Comparison with materials of the La2CuO4 family that exhibit spin/charge density-wave order suggests that a Fermi surface reconstruction also occurs in those materials, pointing to a generic property of high-transition-temperature (T(c)) superconductors.     

Universal spin transport in a strongly interacting Fermi gas

Transport of fermions, particles with half-integer spin, is central to many fields of physics. Electron transport runs modern technology, defining states of matter such as superconductors and insulators, and electron spin is being explored as a new carrier of information. Neutrino transport energizes supernova explosions following the collapse of a dying star, and hydrodynamic transport of the quark-gluon plasma governed the expansion of the early Universe. However, our understanding of non-equilibrium dynamics in such strongly interacting fermionic matter is still limited. Ultracold gases of fermionic atoms realize a pristine model for such systems and can be studied in real time with the precision of atomic physics. Even above the superfluid transition, such gases flow as an almost perfect fluid with very low viscosity when interactions are tuned to a scattering resonance. In this hydrodynamic regime, collective density excitations are weakly damped. Here we experimentally investigate spin excitations in a Fermi gas of (6)Li atoms, finding that, in contrast, they are maximally damped. A spin current is induced by spatially separating two spin components and observing their evolution in an external trapping potential. We demonstrate that interactions can be strong enough to reverse spin currents, with components of opposite spin reflecting off each other. Near equilibrium, we obtain the spin drag coefficient, the spin diffusivity and the spin susceptibility as a function of temperature on resonance and show that they obey universal laws at high temperatures. In the degenerate regime, the spin diffusivity approaches a value set by [planck]/m, the quantum limit of diffusion, where [planck]/m is Planck's constant divided by 2π and m the atomic mass. For repulsive interactions, our measurements seem to exclude a metastable ferromagnetic state.     

Copper oxide superconductors: sharp-mode coupling in high-Tc superconductors

In conventional superconductivity, sharp phonon modes (oscillations in the crystal lattice) are exchanged between electrons within a Cooper pair, enabling superconductivity. A critical question in the study of copper oxides with high critical transition temperature (Tc) is whether such sharp modes (which may be more general, including, for example, magnetic oscillations) also play a critical role in the pairing and hence the superconductivity. Hwang et al. report evidence that sharp modes (either phononic or magnetic in origin) are not important for superconductivity in these materials, but we show here that their conclusions are undermined by the insensitivity of their experiment to a crucial physical effect.     

广义模糊双曲正切模型及其逼近性研究

提出一种广义模糊双曲正切模糊模型(GFHM),此模型可以看做是模糊双曲正切模型的扩展·采用广义变量的双曲正切函数和的形式表达了模糊化、模糊推理和反模糊化的运算过程·并采用Stone Weierstrass定理证明了此模型可以逼近定义在紧集上的任意连续实函数,具有全局逼近性,可以用于复杂系统的建模·     

NESP:一种可扩展的通用网络测量系统平台

建立一个可扩展的、通用的网络测量平台是全面了解大规模网络行为的基础。提出了网络测量系统平台NESP的体系结构,给出了NESP的功能流程及模块分类并讨论了关键实现技术。基于NESP,实现了一个大型网络监视测量系统MMS,该系统整合了多种流测量工具并运行了多种网络测量应用。实践表明,NESP是一个可扩展的、通用的网络测量平台。     

一种速度自适应的无线传感网络目标跟踪算法

提出了一种速度自适应的无线传感网络目标跟踪算法,在定位策略上,它利用历史信息对物体的运动趋势进行预测,从而动态调整传感节点的采样频率,达到节约能量的目的;在结果传送方面,引入了SGEAR(Simplified GEAR)路由机制,通过在路由选择的过程中同时考虑地理信息和能量信息来实现在较大范围的负载均衡.该算法实现了对速度大小和方向两个维度的自适应,因此可以在保证定位精确度的前提下有效地延长系统的生命周期.