新型类肝素物质的研究：水溶性磺化羟丙基壳聚糖的研制

以片状壳聚糖为原料,先制成羟丙基壳聚糖,再以氯磺酸－甲酰胺为磺化试剂,在适当条例下进行磺化,获得了水溶性良好的磺化羟丙基壳聚糖。硫含量ｗｓ为０．０８８￣０．１２７。考察了磺化反应条件对硫含量的影响,确立了较优的反应条件。红外光谱分析表明,该衍生物具有类肝素结构,是一种非常有潜力的新型类肝素物质,可望进一步研制成新型类肝素药物。     

磺化壳聚糖的研制

以粉碎的工业级壳聚糖为原料，分别用浓硫酸和氯磺酸为磺化试剂，通过正交实验考察了磺化条件对硫含量的影响，确立了较优的磺化条件为：2g高脱乙酰度壳聚糖，40mL甲酰胺，浓硫酸／氯磺酸=1：1，反应温度5℃，反应时间4h．通过IR光谱和^13CNMR分析表明，该衍生物具有与肝素相似的结构，是一种非常具有潜力的新型的类肝素，可望进一步研制成新型类肝素药物．     

低分子壳聚糖的磺化及其抗凝血活性初步研究

研究低分子壳聚糖的磺化改性及抗凝血活性.低分子壳聚糖在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺反应溶剂中与氯磺酸反应,合成低分子磺化壳聚糖.分别考察磺化反应温度、氯磺酸用量和反应时间对低分子磺化壳聚糖含硫量的影响,通过正交优化,获得最佳反应条件:反应温度70℃、氯磺酸用量3mL和反应时间4h,其最大含硫量达到8.94%.低分子磺化壳聚糖体外抗凝血活性通过活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)测定,结果显示其可延长APTT时间,表明是由内源性途径来影响凝血过程的;且含硫量在4.61%~8.94%范围内,低分子磺化壳聚糖抗凝血活性随含硫量的增大而增强.     

壳聚糖的改性及改性壳聚糖膜的富氧性能

以ｒ－吡啶酰氯对壳聚糖进行化学修饰，并用修饰后的壳聚糖作为膜材料进行氧氮分离，结果表明，所制得的膜具有良好的机械性能，并具有一定的富氧性（表面含有一层水时）．考察了ｒ－吡啶酰氯和壳聚糖重复单元的摩尔比（Ｂ）、反应温度（Ｔ）、反应时间（ｔ），对壳聚糖上氨基酰化的影响，选择一最佳反应条件：Ｂ以２为宜，反应温度为８０℃，反应时间为７２ｈ。     

聚醚砜的磺化改性

聚醚砜是一种综合性能优异的特种工程塑料，由于其结构的特殊性造就了其性能的稳定性。以浓硫酸为溶剂，氯磺酸为磺化剂，对聚醚砜进行了磺化改性，并对磺化时间、反应温度、搅拌速度和氯磺酸与聚醚砜的摩尔比等因素进行了探讨，结果表明：磺化温度为10℃左右较好，磺化反应为一平衡反应，搅拌速度对磺化度影响不大，磺化度和氯磺酸与聚醚砜的摩尔比几乎呈一线性关系。     

磺化三聚氰胺甲醛树脂磺化阶段化学结构变化

研究了羟甲基三聚氰胺磺化阶段体系化学结构的变化、产物的组成及ｐＨ值、温度和时间对磺化反应的影响。用１３Ｃ—ＮＭＲＭＩＪ定发现，在摩尔比Ｆ／Ｍ＝４．０和Ｓ／Ｍ＝１．０的反应体系中，磺化可同时发生在仲氮和叔氮原子上，两种结构之比约为２／１。在ｐＨ＞１１．０，温度为８０－９０℃和合适的时间内可以获得高磺化程度的三聚氰胺磷酸盐。     

高磺化度SEPDM的制备及离聚体性能研究

研究了磺化度大于０．５ｍｏｌ／ｋｇ的磺化三元乙丙橡胶的制备及离聚体的加工和力学性能，讨论了磺化反应的影响因素，得到了优化的横化反应条件：ｎ（乙酸酐）：ｎ（浓硫酸）＝１：１，５℃下反应３０ｍｉｎ。硬脂酸锌是高磺化度ＳＰＤＭＺｎ离聚体的有效增塑剂，其质量分数为１０％－３０％时，可显著改善离聚体的加工性能。     

两性壳聚糖的制备及其对小鼠淋巴细胞增殖的影响

化学修饰壳聚糖可得到磺化壳聚糖(SC)和羧甲基壳聚糖(CMC),再经过醇沉分级,每一类多糖可分别得到两个级分:磺化壳聚糖A级分(SCA)、磺化壳聚糖B级分(SCB),羧甲基壳聚糖A级分(CMCA)、羧甲基壳聚糖B级分(CMCB).在小鼠体内和体外探讨了4种两性多糖对小鼠淋巴细胞增殖的影响.体内结果显示羧甲基化的两性多糖CMCA及CMCB对T淋巴细胞的增殖有显著的刺激活性,而体外结果显示4种两性多糖对小鼠淋巴细胞增殖无显著影响.因此,推断壳聚糖中的羧甲基在刺激体内淋巴细胞增殖过程中起重要作用.     

微波辐照下酞菁铜配合物的合成及其磺化反应

在微波辐照条件下，进行了酞菁铜配合物的微波合成研究和浓硫酸作为磺化剂酞菁铜配合物的微波磺化反应研究，获得了常规加热条件下不能制备的水溶性磺化酞菁铜配合物，并由电子光谱和红外光谱进行了表征。该微波磺化反应展示了微波辐照优良的非热效应，可作为水溶性金属酞菁衍生物的一种简便快速制备方法，避免采用发烟硫酸作为磺化试剂的常规加热制备方法所带来的空气污染，本文考察了微波辐照强度、微波作用时间与反应试剂组成用量的影响规律，探讨了微波场对合成反应的化学动力学作用。     

血液低密度脂蛋白和纤维蛋白原的选择净化

以新型类肝素聚阴离子磺化羟丙基壳聚糖（ＨＰＣＳＳ）为净化剂，研究其选择净化血液低密度脂蛋白（ＬＤＬ）及纤维蛋白原（Ｆｉｂ）的性能，分别考察了净化剂用量和净化体系ｐＨ值对净化效果的影响，确立了较好的净化条件。结果表明，在ｐＨ＝４．７７￣４．７２，净化剂初始浓度４０００ｍｇ／Ｌ时，磺化羟丙基壳聚糖具有良好的选择净化性能，是一种新型ＬＤＬ／Ｆｉｂ净化剂。可使血浆总胆固醇下降４５％￣６６％，低密度脂蛋白和     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with