三峡水库综合利用调度关键技术研究与实践

为全面提升三峡工程的综合利用效益,三峡水库蓄水以来对规划设计的水库调度方式进行了优化研究与实践。文章对其关键技术进行分析总结,主要有协调防洪、发电、航运、供水和生态等多目标需求的技术、调度风险控制技术、调度决策优化技术、编制调度规程以规范调度工作等。通过分析以寻求不断完善三峡水库综合利用调度方式的路径,力求实现三峡工程效益最优,成为环境友好且对社会公益性贡献突出的跨世纪宏伟工程。     

三峡工程建成后长江中游防洪等问题的对策

全面解决长江中游防洪问题,稳定长江中游河势,需要更多的措施和途径以及全面的研究。在前文提出三峡工程建成后长江中游在河道冲淤、防洪和生态环境等方面可能出现一些问题的基础上,提出了解决上述问题的一系列初步的对策和建议。结合三峡工程的防洪优势,认真研究、处理好长江中游可能出现的问题,并结合工程和优化调度,长江中游防洪等问题可以得到更好的解决。     

优化调度改善三峡水库生态环境

三峡工程规划设计以来,边界条件发生很大变化,研究认识也在不断深入,生态环境保护成为重要议题。三峡工程需要改进调度方式,以便更好地发挥工程防洪、发电和航运等综合效益,同时更好地改善水库上下游生态环境。建议三峡汛期按动态汛限水位和非汛期加大日调节幅度的方式调度,以提高工程综合效益,利于库区和下游生态环境和减淤。     

三峡工程规划与综合利用

三峡水利枢纽工程是治理开发长江的关键性工程,承担着防洪、发电、航运等综合利用任务。工程建成后可确保荆江地区防洪标准不低于百年一遇,大大缓解长江中下游防洪压力,为经济建设发展迅速的华中、华东、华南地区提供巨大的能源支持,从根本上改善川江航运条件,同时枯季补偿调节可提高长江中游河段航道水深和改善航运条件。新时期,长江治理、开发与保护对三峡工程运行提出了新要求,如何优化水资源利用,实施科学调度,全面提升水库综合效益,是三峡工程今后面临的一项长期任务。     

三峡工程对鄱阳湖水资源生态效应的影响

在三峡工程现有调度规则的前提下,建立了反映水文情势变化的人工神经网络模型、鄱阳湖区间分布式水文模型、湖区二维水量水质模拟模型,并利用这些模型对三峡工程运行后对鄱阳湖防洪、水资源与水质生态等方面的效应进行了定量分析.分析结果表明:在防洪影响方面,三峡水库预泄期鄱阳湖水位抬升,低水增幅大于高水增幅,而三峡水库蓄水期鄱阳湖水位降低,低水降幅大于高水降幅,总体上对鄱阳湖防洪影响有限;在水质影响方面,鄱阳湖区水质浓度与五河来水的流量及其污染物浓度关系密切,受长江流量影响的关系并不大;在供水影响方面,三峡工程运行将对鄱阳湖枯水期供水形势产生较大影响;在生态影响方面,三峡工程运行后对鄱阳湖植被面积变化有一定的影响,影响大小与月份的不同有关,并将导致鄱阳湖不同区域湖滩草洲显露日期提前和显露时间有所增加,这将对鄱阳湖珍稀候鸟栖息地环境造成不利影响.     

浅析水库防洪调度的特点

本文从防洪调度过程中所涉及的因素,防洪调度统筹决策两方西对防洪调度的特点做了较为详细的分析.对水库防洪调度所要解决的两点关键技术包括采用恰当的方法,赴理防洪调度中的多目标问题和建立完备的辅助决策功能集做了阐述和说明.     

三峡库区水环境现状与对策建议

三峡工程自2003年蓄水发电以来,已经初步显现了防洪、发电和航运等综合效益。长期监测结果表明,三峡库区水污染物排放量稳中有升,库区江段水环境质量基本稳定,总体水质保持在III类水质标准,部分主要城市江段岸边出现污染带,支流部分水域出现“水华”现象。针对未来三峡水库存在水环境风险,建议从技术、管理、投资等方面进一步加强污染源的综合治理,研究并实施环境友好的水库调度措施,正确处理三峡工程运行与水环境保护的关系。     

关于三峡水库内源污染控制的研究

根据三峡水库泥沙淤积情况和泥沙在库区污染物迁移转化中的作用,指出水库持续不断的泥沙淤积可能成为今后三峡水库污染物的重要来源之一——内源污染。笔者认为,以前提出的以减淤、增容为目标的“双汛限”和“多汛限”等优化调度方式,同样对于清除水库河床表面淤泥、尽量消除污染物在水库的累积具有重要作用。建议三峡工程以汛期优化调度为基础,研究建立防洪、减淤与水库污染控制和改善上下游生态环境相结合的综合调度措施。     

关于三峡工程防洪效益的我见

方宗岱同志在《三峡工程防洪效益弊多利少》一文中,除了提出三峡工程对重庆、汉口两大城市防洪不利外,着重提出了对上海防洪威胁增加。他认为后者是一个新问题,并且提出一个论点,即吴淞口最高水位是大潮、台风和浮泥层三者相遇的结果,或发生浆河使水位高涨。对重庆与     

福清市东张水库防洪调度问题研究

该文分析了福清市东张水库防洪调度中存在的问题,提出了水库洪水调度预泄方案,并作了可行性分析.针对福清城区防洪中存在的问题,提出东张水库未来防洪调度的建议.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-