一种测定大豆蛋白质水解度的简易方法

介绍了一种新的测定大豆蛋白质水解度的方法,G-25色谱层析法。该方法利用快速蛋白纯化系统将大豆蛋白水解多肽溶液进行G-25色谱层析,根据蛋白峰和肽峰面积计算蛋白质的水解度,并与甲醛滴定法进行了比较。结果表明,G-25色谱层析法测定的大豆蛋白水解度略低于甲醛滴定法。该方法快速、简便,可以普遍适用于各种蛋白质水解度的测定。     

Immunoreactive forms of human erythrocyte ankyrin are present in diverse cells and tissues.

Ankyrin is a polypeptide of molecular weight (MW) 200,000 which is tightly bound to the cytoplasmic surface of the human erythrocyte membrane and has been identified as the high-affinity membrane attachment protein for spectrin. This protein has also been shown to be associated with band 3 (ref. 4), the major transmembrane protein which links a cytoplasmic structural protein to an integral membrane protein. A water-soluble, 72,000-MW, proteolytic fragment of ankyrin has been purified which retains the ability to bind to spectrin, and competitively inhibits reassociation of spectrin with membranes. Monospecific antibodies directed against this fragment have been prepared and demonstrated to cross-react only with ankyrin among the erythrocyte membrane proteins. The present study reports the use of these antibodies to develop a radioimmunoassay capable of detecting femtomolar quantities of ankyrin, and demonstrates the presence of small but significant amounts of immunoreactivity in a variety of types of cells and tissues.     

基于Cp-曲线的蛋白质序列相似性分析

蛋白质是生物体内行使重要功能的生物大分子.蛋白质的功能是由其空间结构决定的,而蛋白质的空间结构取决于其一级序列.因此,研究蛋白质的氨基酸序列就成为蛋白质结构预测的前提和基础,并已经成为生物学家关注的主要研究内容之一.主要介绍基于20种氨基酸的一种5-L模型,将蛋白质序列粗粒化为5-L序列,进而给出蛋白质序列的一种3-D图形表示,称之为Cp曲线.将Cp曲线转化为容易比较的序列不变量,并在此基础上对11个物种β-球蛋白质序列进行相似性分析.     

Genetic immunization is a simple method for eliciting an immune response.

To produce an immune reaction against a foreign protein usually requires purification of that protein, which is then injected into an animal. The isolation of enough pure protein is time-consuming and sometimes difficult. Here we report that such a response can also be elicited by introducing the gene encoding a protein directly into the skin of mice. This is achieved using a hand-held form of the biolistic system which can propel DNA-coated gold microprojectiles directly into cells in the living animal. Genetic immunization may be time- and labour-saving in producing antibodies and may offer a unique method for vaccination.     

Identification of a second human retinoic acid receptor

We have previously described a human complementary DNA that encodes a novel protein which is homologous to members of the steroid/thyroid nuclear receptor multigene family. This novel protein (hap for hepatoma) exhibits strong homology with the human retinoic acid receptor (RAR) which has been recently characterized. To test the possibility that the hap protein might also be a retinoid receptor, a chimaeric receptor was created by replacing the putative DNA binding domain of hap with that of the human oestrogen receptor (ER). The resulting hap-ER chimaera was then tested for its ability to trans-activate an oestrogen-responsive reporter gene (vit-tk-CAT) in the presence of possible receptor ligands. Here we show that retinoic acid (RA) at physiological concentrations is effective in inducing the expression of this reporter gene by the hap-ER chimaeric receptor. This demonstrates the existence of two human retinoic acid receptors designated RAR-alpha and RAR-beta.     

柞蚕抗菌蛋白纯化及性质

从雄性柞蚕（ Ａｎｔｈｅｒａｅａ ｐｅｒｎｙｉ） 蛹中分离和纯化抗菌蛋白．该抗菌蛋白由大肠杆菌诱导产生,经过 Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ｇ５０ 分离纯化,在 Ｓ Ｄ Ｓ Ｐ Ａ Ｇ Ｅ 检测中表现为一条带,分子量在１５ ｋ Ｄａ 左右．纯化产物对大肠杆菌有明显抗菌活性,对血细胞没有凝集作用,是抗菌蛋白．     

Myxococcus xanthus spore coat protein S may have a similar structure to vertebrate lens beta gamma-crystallins

The Gram-negative bacterium Myxococcus xanthus has a complex life cycle during which large amounts of a protein of relative molecular mass (Mr) 19,000, known as protein S, are assembled into a spore surface coat by a process that specifically requires calcium ions. The gene for protein S has been cloned and the DNA sequence shows that the gene product is composed of four internally repeated homologous sequences, each 40 amino acids long. Although protein S resembles calmodulin both in its internally duplicated structure and its ability to bind calcium, it apparently has a beta-sheet secondary structure rather than the helix-loop-helix motifs that characterize the calmodulin family. We now show that protein S has a striking homology with the beta- and gamma-crystallins of the vertebrate eye lens which are beta-sheet proteins with internally duplicated structures. This implies that the beta- and gamma-crystallins evolved from already existing proteins, whose ancestors occurred in the prokaryotes. The biological function of protein S, as a closely packed, stable protein in a relatively dehydrated environment, has implications for the functions of crystallins, which are found closely packed in the lens fibre cells, where their stability is essential for maintenance of transparency.     

基于双反相二维色谱串联质谱技术的大鼠海马膜蛋白分析

色谱与质谱联用技术在蛋白质组学研究中应用广泛,特别是二维色谱分离技术的发展,为复杂生物样品的分离分析提供了更为精准的技术手段.海马是大脑颞叶内侧的一个重要脑区,主要负责哺乳动物的学习和记忆,实现这些功能的生理过程与海马膜蛋白密切相关,但由于海马膜蛋白具有强疏水性和低丰度的特点,因此在分离和鉴定上难度较高.运用差速离心的方法分离纯化得到成年大鼠的海马膜蛋白,采用双反相二维色谱串联质谱技术进行分离分析.最终鉴定2 502个蛋白,结合生物信息学分析发现,所鉴定到的2 502个蛋白在包含蛋白定位、突触可塑性、蛋白运输以及囊泡转运等在内的与学习记忆功能密切相关的生理过程中均有涉及.这一分析结果为更加全面的揭示海马膜蛋白与脑海马区的特定功能间的具体关系提供了重要的参考.     

Inactivation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium channel by protein kinase.

The ryanodine receptor protein of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membranes is a calcium ion channel which allows movement of calcium from the SR lumen into the cytoplasm during muscle activation. Gating of this channel is modulated by a number of physiologically important substances including calcium. Interestingly, calcium has both activating and inactivating effects which are concentration- and tissue-specific. In skeletal muscle, calcium-dependent inactivation of calcium release occurs at concentrations reached physiologically, suggesting that calcium may modulate the release process by a negative feedback mechanism. To determine the cellular mechanism responsible for calcium-dependent inactivation, we have investigated the ability of protein phosphorylation to affect single channel gating behaviour using the patch clamp technique. Here we demonstrate that the ryanodine receptor protein/calcium release channel of skeletal muscle SR is inactivated under conditions permissive for protein phosphorylation. This inactivation is reversed by the application of phosphatase and prevented by a peptide inhibitor specific for calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. The results provide evidence for an endogenous protein kinase which is closely associated with the ryanodine receptor protein and regulates channel gating.     

大豆蛋白质提取新工艺

该文针对普通工艺中大量使用碱液直接处理大豆而造成的原料中营养成分损害大，蛋白质产品产量低，纯度低等缺点，提出用离子强度为０．６的ＮａＣｌ溶液萃取大豆蛋白质和用ＨＣｌ溶液调聚大豆蛋白质的新工艺。     

Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics of Proteins

正We describe a theoretical approach based on fragment method for quantum mechanical calculation of proteins.In this approach,complete quantum mechanical calculation of protein energies in solvent is carried out by fragment which is then feed into molecular dynamics simulation to study protein dynamics.This approach extends computational study of protein dynamics to the fully quantum mechanical level,beyond tradiationl force field methods.Pt     

凋亡抑制蛋白XIAP研究进展

X连锁凋亡抑制蛋白(XIAP)是哺乳动物中具有抑制细胞凋亡作用的蛋白,是IAPs家族的一员.XIAP通过杆状病毒IAP重复序列(BIR)直接与起始以及效应caspases结合,抑制了细胞凋亡的线粒体途径,也可以通过NF-κB途径抑制细胞表面受体介导的凋亡.XIAP具有不同于Bcl-2的作用机制,是IAPs家族中最具有抑制活性的一个.XIAP的作用受到线粒体释放的蛋白Smac的拮抗,以及受到自身具有泛素连接酶E3活性的RING指结构域的调节.阐述XIAP抑制caspase以及Smac等拮抗XIAP的机理对于治疗肿瘤以及过度凋亡疾病具有重要的意义.     

Rational screenning in combinatorial peptide libraries of protein functional loop

Redesigning the sequences of protein loops is a frequent practice in protein design. Based on the new results of protein loop database analysis, a rational computer simulation strategy is proposed to obtain functional proteins, which exploits a fast and accurate program to calculate the protein loop conformation, and at the same time, combines molecular docking method with combinatorial chemistry strategy to screen the combinatorial peptide library of protein loops. A characteristic of this method is that it separates the conformation computation of backbone from that of side chain and incorporates side chain growth into the docking procedure and therefore greatly reduces the computation by converting the huge computation on explosive conformations to relatively small computation on limited canonical backbone structures and side chain growth. This method can be practically used in screening combinatorial peptide libraries of protein loops.     

MutT protein specifically hydrolyses a potent mutagenic substrate for DNA synthesis.

Errors in the replication of DNA are a major source of spontaneous mutations, and a number of cellular functions are involved in correction of these errors to keep the frequency of spontaneous mutations very low. We report here a novel mechanism which prevents replicational errors by degrading a potent mutagenic substrate for DNA synthesis. This error-avoiding process is catalysed by a protein encoded by the mutT gene of Escherichia coli, mutations of which increase the occurrence of A.T----C.G transversions 100 to 10,000 times the level of the wild type. Spontaneous oxidation of dGTP forms 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-dGTP (8-oxodGTP), which is inserted opposite dA and dC residues of template DNA with almost equal efficiency, and the MutT protein specifically degrades 8-oxodGTP to the monophosphate. This indicates that elimination from the nucleotide pool of the oxidized form of guanine nucleotide is important for the high fidelity of DNA synthesis.     

考马斯亮蓝法快速测定菜籽粕中可溶性蛋白质的含量

采用考马斯亮蓝G-250染色法对菜籽粕中可溶性蛋白质含量进行测定,在波长595 nm处测定其吸光度.实验表明,可溶性蛋白质含量在10~100μg/mL之间呈现良好的线性关系,通过此法测得菜籽粕中可溶性蛋白的平均含量为5.30%.方法简便快速、灵敏度高、重现性好,是测定菜籽粕中可溶性蛋白质的一种有效方法.