堆载作用下单桩中性点位置与负摩阻力特性研究

为了探究承台外围土体出现上部堆载作用时,桩身负摩阻力和中性点位置在这一过程中的变化特性,利用室内模型实验和有限元软件数值模拟两种方法.首先在室内模型实验中使用应变仪采集桩身各处应变片产生的数值,之后建立单桩数值模型进行有限元分析,结合两方实验结果分析桩身负摩阻力和中性点位置在施加堆载后的初期,以及随堆载等级增加时的变化特征,最终得出以下结论：承台外围土体的堆载作用使桩身轴力原本随深度递减的变化趋势,变为了轴力上升段和轴力下降段,同样,堆载作用也使桩身上部出现桩侧负摩阻力,而桩身下部正摩阻力区间相较堆载前变化不大,仅是正摩阻力数值的大小随着堆载等级增加而增大,桩身中性点位置在堆载等级增大的过程中逐渐向桩的底部移动.     

堆载和桩顶荷载组合作用下的桩土响应分析

桩侧负摩阻力是影响桩基工作性能的重要因素,而堆载和桩顶荷载对桩侧摩阻力的分布影响很大,为了研究其组合作用机理,采用拉格朗日差分法分析堆载和桩顶荷载组合作用下桩侧摩阻力分布、中性点位置变化规律以及桩体轴力分布。研究结果表明:负摩阻力主要出现在0.37~0.64倍桩长位置;当堆载小于或等于60 k Pa时,负摩阻力沿桩身向下先增大后减小并逐渐过渡到正摩阻力;当堆载大于60 k Pa时,负摩阻力沿桩身向下逐渐减小然后过渡到正摩阻力;桩体最大轴应力与堆载和桩顶荷载具有明显的二元线性相关性;中性点位置变化规律受桩顶荷载和堆载组合值的影响,根据此规律得出二元方程式,可用于快速估算中性点的位置。     

深厚层强湿陷性黄土区桩基负摩阻力现场试验

为获得深厚层强湿陷性黄土区桩基负摩阻力分布特征,通过天水南站2根试桩在预加荷载条件下的浸水载荷试验,对浸水前(后)桩身轴力、侧摩阻力分布特征进行了测试分析。研究结果得出:浸水前后2根试桩桩端荷载与桩顶荷载比值分别为9.1%、18.3%和6.1%、15.8%,均为摩擦型桩;浸水前最大桩顶沉降为6.1mm,浸水后桩顶附加沉降分别为3.8 mm和2.8 mm,说明当桩长超过湿陷性下限深度,自重湿陷引起的附加沉降是有限的;浸水前后,桩身轴力在中上部衰减较慢,浸水后由于负摩阻力的产生,导致桩身轴力出现峰值,均大于预加桩顶荷载;浸水前,侧阻力随桩深呈先增后减的分布状态,峰值点随桩顶荷载的增大逐渐下移,桩身中下部为主要发挥区域;浸水后,在桩身上部产生负摩阻力,其随黄土湿陷的发展而增大,并出现峰值(-32、-43 k Pa),桩侧正摩阻力与浸水前相比,则呈现先减小后增大的趋势;正负摩阻力峰值点和中性点均随浸水时间增加逐渐下移;稳定时2根试桩的中性点与湿陷性土层下限深度比值分别为0.6和0.51。     

南沙地区钉形水泥土搅拌桩荷载传递规律的试验研究

以广州南沙某城市干道地基加固的钉形水泥土搅拌桩为研究对象,通过在桩体中埋设应变片,结合现场载荷试验,对钉形水泥土搅拌桩桩身应力、轴力和侧摩阻力的变化规律进行研究。研究结果表明:由于钉形水泥搅拌桩变截面的作用,在变截面上下两端桩体的应力和轴力产生较大衰减,形成1个明显的凸峰;桩身的应力和轴力主要集中在变截面之上,它们分别占全部应力和全部轴力的58.79%和78.82%,而变截面下部12.0 m长桩身的应力和轴力分别只占42.21%和21.17%;桩体的桩身侧摩阻力与深度曲线具有明显的分段性,呈S型;在距桩体上部4.5 m范围内,桩体侧摩阻力占总侧摩阻力的88.89%,而桩身下部10.5 m长桩体的侧摩阻力仅占总侧摩阻力的11.11%。     

桩顶竖向荷载作用下桩土响应的数值分析

为了研究桩土之间的相互作用机理,利用数值方法建立桩土计算模型,分析桩顶荷载作用下桩侧摩阻力分布、桩体轴力分布、中性点位置的变化规律以及桩周土体的位移.研究结果表明:桩侧负摩阻力沿桩身先增大后减小,并逐渐过渡到正摩阻力;随着桩顶荷载的增大,桩侧负摩阻力逐渐减小,中性点位置上移;桩体轴力沿桩身呈现先增大后减小的趋势;受到桩侧摩阻力的作用,位于地表的桩周土体沉降受到一定影响,其影响范围随桩顶荷载的增大而减小.     

边载作用下单桩负摩阻力中性点位置研究

利用室内实验探究单桩在顶载2 kN、边载分别为4.67、9.34、14.01和18.68 kPa作用下单桩的性能,与ABAQUS模拟对比分析.在ABAQUS分析时以摩尔-库伦为土体本构,利用ODB文件导入法实现地应力平衡,得出桩身轴力、桩侧负摩擦力、桩正负摩擦力分界点发展轨迹.结果表明:边坡荷载的增加,桩身的轴力最大值会对应地增大13.26%、19.38%、27.04%和39.79%,单桩下拉荷载有增大的趋势.负摩阻力中性点深度从0.31增至0.35 m,中性点位置有逐渐下移的趋势.     

基于光纤光栅传感技术的敞口混凝土管桩应力测试现场试验

基于4根足尺敞口混凝土管桩现场试验,在桩身刻槽预埋串联式的光纤光栅(FBG)传感器,成功地将准分布式FBG传感技术应用在贯入过程中桩身轴力的测试,研究了敞口混凝土管桩稳态贯入过程中桩端阻力和桩侧摩阻力的变化规律。试验表明:FBG传感技术能够准确分离桩端阻力和桩侧摩阻力,测试效果较为理想。桩端阻力和桩侧总摩阻力沿深度变化曲线反映土层的工程性质,桩端阻力受土层变化影响明显,硬质土层界面处桩端阻力平均增幅78. 5%;桩侧摩阻力进入圆砾层时出现峰值,平均增长幅度为20. 2%。桩端位于非硬质土层,桩端阻力、桩侧摩阻力变化不明显。贯入过程中桩身轴力变化曲线表明桩身下部侧摩阻力明显大于上部侧摩阻力。     

基于剪切位移法的基桩负摩阻力计算

在对现有2种常用基桩负摩阻力计算方法进行分析的基础上,探讨了影响桩土间实际负摩阻力的主要因素.进而根据有效应力原理,建立出能充分考虑桩土剪切位移对摩阻力发挥程度影响的基桩负摩阻力计算分段曲线模型,并由此推导出基于荷载传递法的负摩阻力计算基本微分方程,并给出了在不同桩土相对位移条件下基桩负摩阻力计算的分段解析式.在此基础上,引进土体在均布压力作用下沉降的弹性解,从而得到了桩身轴向力、中性点的位置及基桩负摩阻力计算的改进方法.理论与工程实例试验结果对比分析表明,采用该方法所得的桩身轴力随深度的变化曲线与实测曲线吻合良好.     

基于光纤光栅传感技术敞口混凝土管桩应力测试现场试验

基于4根足尺敞口混凝土管桩现场试验,在桩身刻槽预埋串联式的FBG传感器,成功地将准分布式FBG传感技术应用在贯入过程中桩身轴力的测试,研究了敞口混凝土管桩稳态贯入过程中桩端阻力和桩侧摩阻力的变化规律。试验表明：FBG传感技术能够准确分离桩端阻力和桩侧摩阻力,测试效果较为理想。桩端阻力和桩侧总摩阻力沿深度变化曲线反映土层的工程性质,桩端阻力受土层变化影响明显,硬质土层界面处桩端阻力平均增幅78.5%;桩侧摩阻力进入圆砾层时出现峰值,平均增长幅度为20.2%。桩端位于非硬质土层,桩端阻力、桩侧摩阻力变化不明显。贯入过程中桩身轴力变化曲线表明桩身下部侧摩阻力明显大于上部侧摩阻力。     

承力盘对支盘桩单桩负摩阻力影响的有限元分析

通过建立轴对称有限元模型,分析了在大面积地表荷载作用下支盘桩单桩轴向应力的变化情况,得到了承力盘对支盘桩负摩阻力的影响规律.通过分析发现:承力盘处由负摩阻力产生的桩身轴向应力变化较大,地表均布荷载对中性点的位置影响较小;支盘桩的负摩阻力分布形态和普通桩类似,中性点以上的承力盘对负摩阻力影响较大,以下的影响较小;中性点的位置随着承力盘位置的上升和盘数的增多略有上升,随盘数、盘径及盘间距的增加桩的轴向应力增大,但中性点位置基本不变,随着桩长的增大,中性点深度与桩长之比略有降低.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to