宁夏天文学发展概述

据史籍记载,至少从宋朝始天文学即在宁夏兴起。西夏国天文机构始建于德明年间(1004～1032年),司天监、大恒历院、史卜院是其天文、历法机构,主事人员则被称为太史、日者、占者、术者。在《西夏书事》中曾记录了许多天象资料。西夏既采用宋朝历法,又创制了自己的历法。在明、清等史籍中,见有几十例发生于宁夏境内的天文现象记载,包括星     

元王朝时期的天文台和历法

阐述蒙古民族在元王朝主政时期设立天文台、改进天文仪器和历法的功绩,初步分析了其发展条件及原因,以充分事实说明蒙古民族在中国古代天文学发展中所做出的卓越贡献.     

道光历元《回回历法》抄本考论北大核心CSCDCSSCI

通过韩国国立中央图书馆藏《回回历法》道光抄本,文章分析了自康熙朝回回天文学丧失官方地位之后,回回历法在道光年间的传承情况。与其他回回历法著作不同,道光本《回回历法》以道光甲午为历元,并对相应天文常数和算表进行了调整。该书在具体内容上参照了《明史·回回历法》以及梅文鼎的相关著作,但也做了不少调适,其中既有继承中国传统历法的内容,也借鉴了当时西洋历法的一些编撰特点。此外,本文还结合道光年间的历法改革,讨论了道光本《回回历法》的可能编撰动机。     

中国古代历法、天文仪器、天文机构对日本的影响

中国古代天文学产生较早,取得了辉煌成就,自然对周边国家产生了较大影响.该文重点介绍了中国古代历法、天文仪器、天文机构传入日本的情况,说明中日两国的天文学方面的交流有着悠久的历史,对日本天文学的发展作出了贡献.     

元王朝时期的天文台和历法

阐述蒙古民族在元王朗主政时期设立天文台、改进天文仪器和历法的历史功绩，初步分析了其发展条件及原因，以充分事实说明蒙古民族在中国古代天文学发展中所做出的卓越贡献．     

纪念元大都天文台建立730周年暨“天文仪器与天文学发展”专刊后记

2009年是"元大都天文台"建台730周年,又值我国最先进的望远镜LAMOST建成,我国天文学界决定以"郭守敬"冠名LAMOST.为纪念和庆祝这两个具有历史意义的天文学事件,2009年11月7-8日在中国科学院国家天文台召开了主题为"天文仪器与天文学发展"的国际学术研讨会. 此次会议由中国古天文联合研究中心主办,得到了中国科学院国家天文台、中国科学院自然科学史研究所、北京天文馆的大力支持.会议邀请了30多位国内外天文学史家和天文学家参加,其中6位来自国外. 报告的论文以大都天文台和郭守敬的天文学成就为中心,探讨了天文学发展史的多个方面,尤其是中国天文仪器史,涉及古天文遗址研究、天文台和天文仪器、天文观测、天文历法、天文仪器与当代天文学等专题.     

天文学在古代中国社会文化中的作用

从天人关系的角度探讨了中国古代天文学在社会文化中的作用.中国古代天文学从早期开始就与敬天的宗教崇拜密不可分.天文观测既是敬天的活动.也是"通天"的手段.历法对于农业社会来说无疑是十分重要的,因此"观象授时"成为帝王统治的首要政治任务.历法是"君权神授"的"天命"的象征.改革历法就意味着改变天命,是重大的宗教政治问题.从敬天和观天的宗教天文活动中产生了"法天"的思想.帝王只要按照历法规定的"月令"治理国家,社会就和谐有序.汉代的董仲舒提出"天人合一"的宗教神学思想,把天文现象当作灾异现象,具有警示人事的作用.以观天象而占国家大事吉凶的中国占星术因此在中国古代宗教政治中发挥了极其重要的作用.     

中华远古的天文思想

中国具有悠久的文明,《尚书·尧典》记载了传说时代古人利用正南方天空出现的星辰确定四季,战国楚帛书描绘了十二位上古时代传说人物的创世历史。《夏小正》是中国最早的天文历法,出现了节气以及四季的天象物候记录;商代的甲骨文中出现了六十干支纪日法和阴阳合历,并有君王与巫祝通过天象观测传达天意,预卜吉凶,颁布天象与历法的远古占星术记录。     

中朝两国历史上的天文学交往(二)

从很早开始,统治朝鲜的王朝就仿照中国设立官方天文机构,负责天象占侯与历法制定.为满足本国在这些方面的知识需求,朝鲜统治者们曾非常努力地从中国学习和引进天文学.中国政府往往把向朝鲜颁送历法作为显示宗主国地位的手段,而朝鲜王朝却把能够制定本国历法作为政治上独立的象征.因此,两国之间的天文学交往总是带有浓重的政治色彩.     

中朝两国历史上的天文学交往(一)

从很早开始,统治朝鲜的王朝就仿照中国设立官方天文机构,负责天象占侯与历法制定.为满足本国在这些方面的知识需求,朝鲜统治者们曾非常努力地从中国学习和引进天文学.中国政府往往把向朝鲜颁送历法作为显示宗主国地位的手段,而朝鲜王朝却把能够制定本国历法作为政治上独立的象征.因此,两国之间的天文学交往总是带有浓重的政治色彩.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that