高温化学非平衡效应对高超声速飞行器气动力/热影响的数值研究进展

本文主要针对高温化学非平衡效应对高超声速飞行器气动力热影响的数值研究进行了综述.首先分析了高温化学非平衡流动数值模拟中的物理化学模型影响,发现组分扩散系数模型会对完全催化壁条件下的气动热结果产生影响;不同化学动力学模型对于激波/激波干扰等复杂流动区域预测的热流峰值差距甚至高达20%以上.壁面催化效应对气动热影响显著,有限催化模型目前仍在发展当中,其中运用气固表面有限速率化学反应动力学方法得到催化反应速率的模型更具发展潜力.材料烧蚀会在边界层内引入质量引射效应,同时热解气体还会与边界层中的高温空气组分发生复杂化学反应,总体上会显著降低气动热.高温化学非平衡效应对飞行器表面压强的影响主要存在两种机制:一种是激波后比热比变小会引起波后压强增大;另一种是脱体激波角变小进而减小波后压强,对航天飞机、返回舱等典型外形的升/阻力影响相对较小,而对力矩影响较大.最后,高温化学非平衡效应对高超声速湍流边界层的脉动特性产生影响,同时使壁面摩阻增加而热流降低,但并未改变湍流边界层的速度、密度、温度和组分浓度的标度律.     

黏性效应对高超声速飞行器特性的影响分析

针对高超声速飞行器的黏性效应,采用参考温度法建立高超声速飞行器气动黏性模型,对比研究了黏性效应对气动特性的影响.考虑到气动热使飞行器壁面温度升高的情况,分析了黏性阻力及飞行器弹性形变随壁面温度变化的规律,并对比研究了黏性效应对飞行器控制量(舵偏角与燃料当量比)的影响.最后,在考虑发动机热堵塞现象下,研究了黏性效应对飞行器高度、速度边界值的影响.结果表明:黏性效应主要影响飞行器阻力;黏性阻力随马赫数增大而增大,随高度升高而减小;随壁面温度升高,黏性阻力升高,黏性推阻比降低,机体弹性形变更加严重;黏性效应使飞行器飞行高度、速度边界区间变窄.     

多场载荷作用下舵面蒙皮响应分析

试验研究表明,导弹舵面在工作环境中承受严酷的气动力载荷、气动热载荷和噪声载荷。多种载荷相互影响使舵面产生剧烈振动,严重影响打击精度;甚至导致蒙皮开裂引起疲劳失效。以某型号导弹C/SiC复合材料舵面蒙皮为研究对象,基于WORKBENCH/VA-ONE程序平台,将自定义函数(UDF)建立的热流固耦有限元控制方程和边界元声场控制方程相结合,推导出改进的耦合边界元/有限元法(BEM/FEM)计算模型。通过此方法数值模拟导弹真实飞行环境,计算出了蒙皮表面危险点位置和不同飞行环境下响应特性;结果表明,通过改进的耦合BEM/FEM计算模型,能够较准确地反应导弹在真实飞行环境下舵面蒙皮响应特性随环境变化特征,为导弹舵面可靠性设计提供了一种有效的数值计算方法。     

多工况下高超声速飞行器再入时流场的计算

为了弄清典型高超声速飞行器再入时处于连续区的流场状态,采用多组分、考虑非平衡态气体振动激发与化学反应过程的守恒型Navier-Stokes方程组,并用高分辨率TVD格式进行求解,获得了不同飞行工况下飞行器流场的气动热力学(尤其是壁面热流密度)和热-化学非平衡态特性,数值结果与风洞试验及飞行数据吻合较好.通过对多个工况点下流场状态的分析与对比,给出了高超声速飞行器在整个再入过程中的壁面热流密度值、气动力系数,尤其是计算域内热力学非平衡区的分布特性,这对有效地完成飞行器热防护设计具有积极意义.     

高旋弹二维修正引信双旋结构气动特性及气动力表征

针对配二维弹道修正引信高旋弹具有弹体气动参数非对称、纵向和横向修正紧密耦合等问题,为了准确表征高旋弹气动参数、明确修正弹丸气动特性和产生机理,提出了基于CFD (computational fluid dynamics)仿真的双旋结构气动力计算分析方法.在构建双滚转域流场仿真模型的基础上,对比了二维修正引信不同控制状态下的弹丸受力情况;明确了高旋弹固有气动力和二维修正引信所引起的气动力;建立并推导了攻角与滚转角耦合情况下的舵片受力模型.研究表明：针对二维修正组件,需要考虑合攻角与舵滚转角的相对位置关系以计算诱导阻力;受迎背风和舵片绕流影响,舵片受力模型和弹体的横、纵向气动力均随攻角、滚转角及马赫数变化.     

轨道再入飞行器气动热力学环境研究

 高超声速飞行器气动热力学环境研究是直接涉及轨道飞行器飞行控制、热防护设计和热安全的关键问题之一。本文借助于多组分、考虑非平衡态气体的振动以及激波与热化学非平衡态效应的守恒积分型Navier-Stokes方程组,使用高分辨率总变差减小格式,计算研究了轨道再入飞行器再入地球大气层的10个飞行工况（飞行马赫数9.7～27.8）,分析了不同工况下轨道再入飞行器弓形脱体激波后流场气动热力学环境特性,得出气动力系数和沿壁面的热流密度分布,与国外相关飞行数据比较,两者吻合较好。     

结冰对带舵面翼型流场的影响及其气动参数分析

利用计算流体动力学方法模拟了结冰后带舵面翼型的流场变化特征,分析了不同攻角条件下升力系数与舵面偏转角的量化关系,并对比了角冰和脊状冰条件下气动导数的差异.结果表明:与干净翼型相比,结冰后带舵面翼型的升力系数及升力系数关于舵面偏转角的变化率出现了较大降幅;舵面下偏导致的"上洗"效应将会加大冰型对流场的干扰,角冰引起的流动分离尺度受舵面偏转角的影响较大,且随着来流攻角增加而愈加明显;脊状冰可使翼型上表面产生大范围的流动分离,带舵面翼型的失速偏转角大幅提前,升力系数关于舵面偏转角的变化率大幅降低;在角冰条件下,带舵面翼型的相对气动导数呈现出3个不同的变化阶段,且随着来流攻角和舵面偏转角的增加而逐级下降,而在脊状冰条件下则呈现出2个不同的变化阶段,且其降幅更明显.     

高超声速飞行器飞行动力学特性研究

为获得舵面操纵、高度和质量变化引起的非线性动力学特性的变化情况, 基于连续算法分别求取舵面、高度和质量与各个状态量所组成的平衡面。根据所求平衡面, 基于岔理论对高超声速飞行器全局稳定性进行分析研究。分析结果表明, 相较于传统的基于线性化方法对高超声速飞行器的稳定性所进行的研究, 分岔理论能更全面地揭示高超声速飞行器的动力学本质特性, 为气动布局设计和优化, 以及飞行控制律设计提供有力的支撑。     

高超声速飞行器结构热气动弹性优化设计

基于高超声速飞行器X-43外形尺寸,构建含有隔热层的全机结构有限元模型。根据分层求解思路,考虑了气动热载荷作用下结构温度的稳态特性,忽略气动热对气动力和结构弹性力的弱耦合效应。使用三阶活塞理论对其进行频域内气动力计算,采用参考焓法求得模型表面的热流密度,进而计算出经过隔热层作用后,蒙皮表面的温度分布以及相应的热应力;在对结构的刚度矩阵进行修正后,采用p-k法迭代求解其临界颤振速度。以复合材料铺层角度和铺层顺序为设计变量,在全机结构、重量保持不变的情况下,对其进行以临界颤振速度为优化目标的气动弹性优化设计,使结构的颤振特性有了较大的改善。     

基于SDRE方法高超声速飞行器控制系统设计

高超声速飞行器拥有复杂且易变的气动特性,为确保高超声速飞行器在复杂的飞行条件下,拥有稳定的飞行特性、良好的控制性能。针对高超声速飞行器非线性模型,采用状态相关的Riccati方程(State-Dependent Riccati Equation,SDRE)方法设计高超声速飞行器控制系统,利用改进的Newton法对控制器进行求解,同时在高超声速条件下进行仿真,验证了SDRE方法在高超声速飞行器控制系统中的可实现性及优越性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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