超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定食品中碱性桃红T染料

建立了用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测食品中非法添加物碱性桃红T染料的方法.样品经80%碱化甲醇提取,在碱性条件下用聚酰胺固相萃取小柱富集、净化,并经酸化甲醇洗脱后通过超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱仪检测.液相色谱条件:分离柱为Waters Acquity BEHC18柱(1.7μm,2.1 mm×100 mm);流动相为0.4%甲酸水溶液-纯甲醇;流速0.3 mL.min-1.碱性桃红T的检测限为0.3μg.kg-1,6种食品样品的回收率为83.9%~92.5%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为5.6%~8.3%(n=6).在16~800μg.kg-1浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性回归系数r为0.996 6.     

气相色谱-串联质谱检测烟草中10种酰胺类除草剂残留

采用固相萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱来测定烟草中10种酰胺类除草剂的残留量。烟草样品通过含1%乙酸的乙腈混合液提取,固相萃取净化,采用气相色谱分离,串联质谱多反应监测模式分析。10种酰胺类除草剂在0.01~1.0 mg/L线性范围内均呈良好线性关系,相关系数大于0.997,方法的检出限在0.2~4.7μg/kg之间。在10μg/kg,50μg/kg,100μg/kg等3个浓度水平下进行加标实验,其加标回收率在79.6%~101.4%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.6%~6.7%之间。建立的方法简便、快速、灵敏,为常见烟草中酰胺类除草剂残留的准确判断提供了可靠依据,适用于烟草中10种酰胺类除草剂的同时检测。     

高效液相色谱法测定污染场地中荧光增白剂PF

荧光增白剂PF危害人体健康,其生产和使用过程中会因泄露造成厂区场地及周边土壤和地下水环境污染.目前未见土壤和地下水中PF分析方法的报道.提出土样和水样中PF的前处理方法,建立了高效液相色谱法测定PF的方法.样品的前处理中,对土样采用甲醇超声提取PF,对水样则采用固相萃取法,即先用C18柱富集净化,再用甲醇洗脱.PF采用反相高效液相色谱-紫外检测器进行分析.研究结果表明,在0.05~10mg·L~(-1)范围内荧光增白剂的浓度与峰面积具有良好的线性关系,相关系数r20.9999.土样中PF浓度在2.0~10mg·kg~(-1)时,回收率为86.9%~90.6%,相对标准偏差为2.81%~4.22%,方法检出限为3.28μg·kg~(-1),定量限为13.13μg·kg~(-1).水样中PF浓度在0.01~0.05mg·L~(-1)时,回收率为82.8%~88.6%,相对标准偏差为2.46%~3.49%,方法检出限为1.08μg·L~(-1),定量限为4.32μg·L~(-1).该方法已成功应用于南京某污染场地土壤和地下水的PF测量,结果表明该场地土壤和地下水均已遭受PF污染,浓度最大分别达到24.1mg·kg~(-1)和0.044mg·L~(-1).     

LC-MS/MS法快速检测白酒中10种甜味剂

建立了同时检测白酒中10种甜味剂的液相色谱—串联质谱方法.将白酒样品直接过膜液相色谱串联质谱检测,10种甜味剂在13 min内实现良好分离,检出限均为10μg·kg-1;在线性范围(10μg·L-1～100μg·L-1)内线性相关系数R>0.99,3个添加水平的平均回收率为92.8％ ～104.7％,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.2％ ～9.3％.本方法经济、快速、简单、灵敏、高效,能够满足白酒中10种甜味剂同时检测的要求.     

固相微萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法测定蜂蜜中双甲脒及其代谢产物残留

建立了同时测定蜂蜜中的双甲脒及其代谢产物2,4-二甲基苯胺残留量的固相微萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法。对固相微萃取的实验条件(萃取纤维、萃取时间、p H值等)进行了选择和优化,并建立了气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)的仪器检测方法。结果表明:在优化的实验条件下,双甲脒和2,4-二甲基苯胺的最低检出限分别为0.5μg/kg和3.0μg/kg;在0.01~1.0 mg/kg的浓度范围内,二者的添加回收率范围分别为81.9%~98.2%和75.5%~90.6%,相对标准偏差分别为5.0%~15.4%和7.9%~17.2%。该方法操作简便、灵敏度高、准确可靠,适用于蜂蜜中双甲脒及2,4-二甲基苯胺的检测。     

超高压液相色谱-飞行时间质谱联用快速测定酒中3种甜味剂

建立了超高压液相色谱-飞行时间质谱(UPLC/MS-TOF)快速、高灵敏度测定酒中3种甜味剂安赛蜜、糖精钠、甜蜜素的定量分析方法.不同类型的酒类样品经超纯水稀释后,以0.1%甲酸水-甲醇溶液作为流动相,采用等度洗脱方式在Endeavorsil C_(18)(1.8μm,100 mm×2.1 mm)色谱柱上进行分离,以电喷雾离子源ESI负离子模式下进行定性、定量分析.实验结果表明,在最佳条件下,3种甜味剂在7min内实现完全分离;方法的最低检测限(以信噪比S/N的3倍计)为1~8μg/L,定量限(以信噪比S/N的10倍计)为3.33~26.7μg/L;在1~320μg/L的质量浓度范围内与峰面积线性关系良好,相关系数大于0.998;3种甜味剂在配制酒中的回收率为96.33%~104.16%,精密度(RSD)为0.17%~1.36%;在清香型白酒中的回收率为92.38%~100.36%,精密度(RSD)为0.98%~1.85%;在果酒中的回收率为99.97%~103.88%,精密度(RSD)为0.52%~1.59%.该方法具有灵敏度高,分析速度快,且重现性好的优点,可用于酒类样品中甜味剂的快速检测.     

GC-PCI-MS分析蔬菜中有机磷类农药残留

建立了气相色谱-正化学电离(PCI)-质谱技术分析蔬菜中有机磷类农药残留的方法,试样样品用乙腈超声波提取,GPC净化,采用GC-PCI-MS-SIM方式检测,排除了杂质的干扰,提高了分析灵敏度.结果表明:最低检测限为:0.69～4.24μg.kg-1;精密度RSD为:1.69%～11.01%;平均回收率为:69.5%～121.8%.     

二次热解吸-气相色谱法测定工作场所空气中苯系物

为了建立二次热解吸-气相色谱法测定工作场所空气中苯系物,采用Tenax-TA解析管吸附采集样品后,经热脱附仪二次热解吸-冷阱捕集,气相色谱-氢火焰离子化检测器(FID)分离检测,标准曲线法定量.结果显示,苯系物在0.50~50μg/mL的浓度范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.999 0.其检出限为:0.002~0.03μg/mL,最低检出浓度为0.013~0.20μg/m~3(以采集1.5 L空气样品计),平均加标回收率在97.53%~100.4%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.0%~3.2%之间.该法操作简单、快速灵敏、准确可靠,适用于工作场所空气中低浓度苯系物的分离检测.     

毛细管柱气相色谱法测定果冻中甜蜜素

阐述了果冻中甜蜜素的毛细管柱气相色谱测定法,并与国标填充柱气相色谱法相比较,试验证明毛细管柱气相色谱法优于国标采用的填充柱气相色谱法。用HP-5MS为色谱柱（30m×0.25mm×0.25μm）,采用外标法定量,样品中甜蜜素的浓度在1～200mg·kg-1范围内有很好的线性关系r为0.9997,回收率在92.2%～98.4%;RSD在0.42%～1.39%,检出限为0.05mg·kg-1。     

固相萃取-气相色谱质谱法快速测定酒类产品中的邻苯二甲酸酯

建立了气相色谱质谱法(GC-MS)快速检测酒类产品中邻苯二甲酸酯的方法.采用正己烷-甲基叔丁基醚(1∶1,v/v)作为萃取剂,Cleanert PEP Plus萃取小柱净化,GC-MS检测,外标法定量.利用该方法研究了17种邻苯二甲酸酯溶液在0.5~10 mg·L-1浓度范围的标准曲线,线性关系良好.利用优化后的方法测定了5个酒类样品中邻苯二甲酸酯的含量,在D类样品中分别添加浓度1 mg·L-1和2 mg·L-1的邻苯二甲酸酯混合标准工作液,回收率为78.2%~112.8%,相对标准偏差小于12.5%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.