准噶尔盆地红山嘴地区克拉玛依组砂体展布特征及其主控因素分析

综合岩心、测井、粒度等资料,对红山嘴地区克拉玛依组沉积、层序特征进行分析,在此基础上对砂体空间展布特点与主控因素进行详细研究。结果表明:研究区克拉玛依组主要发育辫状河三角洲沉积,可划分为1个超长期基准面旋回,并细分为4个长期旋回;辫状河道、辫状分流河道、辫流坝、水下分流河道及河口坝是其主要成因砂体,不同成因砂体的展布特点与沉积环境及基准面旋回有关;超长期基准面旋回早期以陆上辫状河道沉积为主,随着基准面上升,水下砂体出现的频率增大;长、中期旋回控制着砂体叠加样式转变,切叠式厚层砂砾岩体多发育在旋回的底部或顶部;在短期旋回上升过程中以形成平原地区河道砂体为主,而随着基准面下降,沉积作用则向前缘地区迁移,形成反韵律河口坝砂体。     

库车坳陷下侏罗统阿合组高分辨率层序地层特征

通过钻井岩芯、测井资料分析,库车坳陷下侏罗统阿合组可识别出6个长期基准面旋回以及20～23个中期基准面旋回.阿合组区域性隔层一般发育在长期基准面旋回上升到下降的转换位置或非对称型长期基准面旋回(只有上升半旋回)的上部.长期基准面旋回是该区建立高分辨率层序地层对比格架的基础和关键.根据层序界面特征和相序的不同,可将中期基准面旋回大致划分为三种结构明显不同的类型(向上:变深"的非对称型旋回层序,向上"变浅"的非对称型旋回层序,对称型旋回层序);中期基准面旋回是进行储层非均质性究、储层预测与生储盖组合分析的基本单元;中期基准面旋回明显地控制了储集体的岩性和物性的变化以及沉积微相的变化.中期基准面上升的早期易形成辫状河道砂体,岩性由粗变细,孔渗由高变低;中期基准面上升的中期一般为心滩坝沉积,岩性粗细和孔渗无规则变化;中期基准面下降的中晚期易形成河口坝、远砂坝砂体,其岩性由细变粗,孔渗由低变高;基准面下降的晚期易形成水下分流河道砂体,     

扶新隆起带南部扶余油层高分辨率层序地层分析

依据岩心、录井和测井资料,对松辽盆地扶新隆起带南部扶余油层各级次基准面旋回演化规律及高分辨率层序地层模式进行研究。结果表明:扶余油层发育1个长期基准面旋回的上升半旋回、4个中期基准面旋回和13个短期基准面旋回,地层厚度受继承性古隆起控制向盆地阶梯状减薄;基准面的发育过程经历早期的缓慢上升阶段、中期的快速上升阶段、中后期的缓慢上升阶段及末期的快速上升后略有下降阶段,依次发育高能和低能河控三角洲平原、近岸沉积区、三角洲前缘-前三角洲;扶余油层底部为长期基准面下降至上升转换面,A/S值远小于1,砂体几何形态以多层式为主;随着基准面上升,A/S增加,原始地貌要素保存程度的增强导致河道沉积以侧向加积为主,砂体以孤立式为特征;向上变深的非对称型中期基准面上升半旋回早期主要发育厚层分流河道沉积,构成扶余油层的主要储集砂体。     

高分辨率层序构型及对储层构型的控制——以东营凹陷梁11断块沙二段第7、第8砂层组为例

砂体内部结构及其控制因素对于预测剩余油分布有重要作用。作者综合利用岩心、测井曲线形态、砂体的几何形态等资料,研究了基准面变化及其与三角洲前缘砂体内部结构的关系。结果表明,研究层段发育2个中期基准面旋回、7个短期基准面旋回和20个超短期旋回,早期中期旋回由3个向上变浅的非对称型短期基准面旋回组成,晚期中期旋回由4个向上变深的非对称型短期旋回组成,20个超短期旋回均属于非对称型;基准面的升降及物源供应共同控制了砂体发育的规模、岩石类型及内部结构。基准面下降、沉积物供给充足时,河口坝砂体规模增大,岩性以细砂岩、中砂岩等为主,夹层在不同位置发育程度不同,其中坝主体以钙质夹层、过渡性夹层为主,厚度较小且不甚稳定。基准面上升、沉积物供给充足时,水下分流河道宽,砂体厚度大,砂体内除了发育钙质夹层之外,泥质侧积层也较为发育;基准面较高、物源供应较少时,河道较窄,砂体厚度较小,平面上呈窄带状镶嵌于泥岩中产出,粒度偏细,且砂体内主要发育为数不多的钙质夹层,鲜见泥质侧积层;对于基准面较高背景下发育的远砂坝或前缘席状砂,粒度较细,主要发育泥质夹层且横向不稳定。     

准噶尔盆地红车地区三叠系层序地层特征

 以层序地层学和沉积学的基本理论为指导,在大量测井、钻井、地震、分析化验等资料综合分析的基础上,对红车地区三叠系进行层序地层划分对比,将整个三叠系划分为5 个三级层序(TSQ1-TSQ5),其中TSQ2 相当于克拉玛依下亚组,TSQ3 相当于克拉玛依上亚组。研究发现,三叠纪进入板内前陆盆地演化阶段,构造活动较缓,无明显的构造坡折,难以识别出初次湖泛面,易识别出最大湖泛面,其下为湖侵体系域,之上为高位体系域。根据准噶尔盆地西北缘构造发育背景和沉积体系的类型及展布,并结合沉积相旋回的演化特征,建立了区内三叠系层序地层发育模式,盆地构造活动等因素对层序的形成具有明显的控制作用。探讨了层序地层格架对油气分布的控制作用,指出TSQ2 沉积时期,泛滥平原发育使得其泥质含量较高,更有利于岩性油气藏的形成,尤其在红9 井-红61 井一带,砂地比普遍在25%～40%,同时该区域储层物性较好,为TSQ2 时期岩性圈闭最为有利区域。     

东营凹陷中央洼陷带沙三段高分辨率层序地层与岩性圈闭特征

对东营凹陷中央洼陷带的钻井和三维地震资料进行了综合解释和分析,研究了东营凹陷中央洼陷带沙三段高分辨率层序地层格架。研究结果表明,东营凹陷三角洲主要发育层段———沙三中亚段可以划分为6个短期基准面旋回,每个短期基准面旋回包含着多个次级基准面升降旋回。岩性圈闭主要由浊积成因的砂体组成,可将其划分为滑塌浊积岩、坡移浊积扇和湖底扇圈闭3种类型,每种圈闭类型的形成和分布都与基准面的升降变化密切相关。湖底扇和坡移浊积扇圈闭形成于基准面上升期,是该区主要的储油圈闭;滑塌浊积岩圈闭主要形成于基准面下降期,规模相对较小,储集物性较差。     

准噶尔盆地红车地区侏罗系沉积特征与沉积环境演化

红车地区侏罗系是准噶尔盆地西北缘重要的油气富集带之一,其沉积相的研究是有利区带评价的基础.首先结合测井、地震等资料.通过岩心描述和分析,在红车地区识别出冲积扇、辫状河、三角洲、湖泊等多种沉积相类型.其中八道湾组晚期及三工河组时期,振荡背景下形成辨状河三角洲前缘砂岩与滨浅湖泥岩交互沉积,生、储、盖配置关系良好,为岩性圈闭的有利相带.之后针对红车地区侏罗系主要地震相特征加以探讨,并在中期基准面旋回分析的基础上,明确侏罗系各砂组的沉积相平面展布特征,重塑红车地区侏罗纪沉积演化历史.最后探讨了沉积相与岩性圈闭发育的关系,并指出八道湾组及三工河组沉积时期岩性圈闭发育的有利位置.     

东营凹陷中央洼陷带沙三段高分辨率层序地层与岩性圈闭特征

对东营凹陷中央洼陷带的钻井和三维地震资料进行了综合解释和分析,研究了东营凹陷中央洼陷带沙三段高分辨率层序地层格架。研究结果表明,东营凹陷三角洲主要发育层段——沙三中亚段可以划分为6个短期基准面旋回,每个短期基准面旋回包含着多个次级基准面升降旋回。岩性圈闭主要由浊积成因的砂体组成,可将其划分为滑塌浊积岩、坡移浊积扇和湖底扇圈闭3种类型,每种圈闭类型的形成和分布都与基准面的升降变化密切相关。湖底扇和坡移浊积扇圈闭形成于基准面上升期,是该区主要的储油圈闭;滑塌浊积岩圈闭主要形成于基准面下降期,规模相对较小,储集物性较差。     

陕北地区上三叠统延长组层序地层格架内岩性油气藏分析

应用高分辨率层序地层学的原理和方法,综合露头、钻井、岩芯以及测井资料,在鄂尔多斯盆地陕北地区延长组长7-长4+5识别出长61底部为三级基准面旋回的层序界面,并划分出1个三级基准面下降半旋回与1个三级基准面上升半旋回,由此建立露头与井下高分辨层序地层格架;通过地层充填序列和基准面的变化关系,构建大型坳陷湖盆高分辨率层序地层格架内砂体的分布模型;在层序地层格架内对岩性油气藏的分布进行分析预测.研究结果表明:层序的演化对岩性油气藏的发育起控制作用;基准面旋回下降期和层序界面附近是有利的岩性油气藏分布区.     

高浅南区NmⅡ和NmⅢ油组高分辨率层序构型及其对储层构型的控制

利用高分辨率层序地层学和储层构型分析法,对基准面变化与曲流河砂体内部建筑结构特征,特别是基准面变化与夹层的发育程度、夹层产状等之间的关系进行深入研究。结果表明:NmⅢ和NmⅡ油组发育3个完整的中期基准面旋回、2个不完整的中期基准面旋回、12个短期基准面旋回和19个超短期基准面旋回;基准面旋回类型可以划分出向上变深和向上变浅两种非对称型,以及以上升半旋回为主的不完全对称型和上升与下降半旋回近于相等的近完全对称型;基准面低时,河道砂体宽而缓、且侧向切割严重,边滩较发育,侧积层倾角小、钻遇频率低;基准面高时,河道窄而深,河道砂体镶嵌在泥岩中呈孤立条带状产出,边滩发育程度低而堤岸亚相较发育,侧积层倾角大、钻遇频率高。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that