挤压变形对Mg-2.5Zn-0.5Ca合金组织与性能的影响

通过真空感应熔炼铸造法制备Mg-2.5Zn-0.5Ca合金,并对该合金铸态和挤压态试样分别进行显微组织、力学性能及断口形貌的对比分析.结果表明:经挤压变形后该合金发生动态再结晶,晶粒及Ca2Mg6Zn3沉淀相得到显著细化.挤压后屈服强度达222MPa,增大幅度高达204%,抗拉强度提高到291MPa.延伸率从铸态的11.5%上升至26%,经挤压变形后合金的断裂机制发生由脆性向韧性的转变,Ca2Mg6Zn3沉淀相为该合金的主要强化相.     

Mg-6Zn-(Al,Ca)镁合金显微组织及力学性能

利用WD-10A电子拉伸试验机和RD2-3型蠕变试验机对Mg-6Zn-(Al,Ca)系列镁合金的力学拉伸强度及高温蠕变性能进行测试,研究其显微组织对高温性能的影响,并利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射分析等方法进行分析表征.研究结果表明,Mg-6Zn-2Al-0.3Mn(ZA62)具有较好的综合力学性能,其铸态显微组织主要由α-Mg基体和致密片状Mg51Zn20共晶相组成.少量Ca加入ZA62合金后,抑制了Mg51Zn20相的析出,并代之形成了含Ca的MgZn相和τ相.随Ca加入量增加,晶间相的数量增加,合金组织中出现另一热稳定四元Mg-Zn-Al-Ca化合物相.当w(Ca)>0.5%时,合金晶粒显著细化.随Ca含量增加,合金常温拉伸强度和塑性呈下降趋势,基体显微硬度减小.加入Ca提高了合金高温拉伸强度,改善了合金蠕变性能.在175℃/70 MPa条件下,合金蠕变性能受合金晶粒尺寸影响,随晶粒尺寸的减小,蠕变变形量增加.     

Gd对Mg-2Ca合金组织和性能的影响

通过真空感应熔炼、金属模铸造方法制备Mg-2Ca-xGd合金,利用光学显微镜(OM)、X-射线衍射分(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)和AG-10TA型微机控制电子式万能材料试验机,对铸态的合金进行显微组织、力学性能以及断口形貌分析.结果表明:Gd含量的添加,使得晶粒得到细化,在Gd质量分数为1.5%时,细化效果最为明显,之后随着Gd含量的增加,晶粒变化不大,析出相增多;Mg-2Ca-xGd合金的抗拉强度先增加后减少,硬度随着Gd含量的增加而增加.     

Si及Sb对铸态Mg-Al-Si合金组织和力学性能的影响

用普通铸造法制备不同Al、Si含量的Mg-Al-Si三种合金,研究了Si含量和微量Sb对合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着Si含量增加,合金中的Mg2Si逐渐变粗大,合金力学性能逐渐提高。添加0.75%Sb后,三种合金均产生Mg3Sb2相,粗大的Mg2Si得到细化,呈相对弥散分布,合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度进一步提高。拉伸断裂形式为准解理脆性断裂。     

Ca,Si和RE对AZ91合金的组织和性能的影响

Ca,Si和RE合金化和复合合金化AZ91的研究结果表明：Ca单独加入合金中和Ca,Si或Ca,RE同时加入合金中都能明显改善AZ91合金的铸态组织，Si和RE在合金中以Mg2Si和Al11RE3颗粒相形式存在，而Ca则主要溶解于β-Mg17Al12中，未形成新相，DTA分析表明，Ca溶入Mg17Al12后提高了它的熔点，亦即提高了它的热稳定性，这一点对合金的高温性能十分有益，使合金的蠕变性能得到大幅提高，性能最好的是含0.3%（指质量分数，下同）的Ca和2％的RE的合金，它在200℃/50MPa下的蠕变速率相对于基体合金AZ91降低了一个数量级，单独加入Ca对铸态AZ91合金有脆化作用，但Ca,Si或Ca,RE复合加入则能大幅提高AZ91合金的室温和高温强度，同时保持了与AZ91基体合金相同的或更好的塑性。     

Zr对Al-10Zn-2.5Mg-1.6Cu合金板材组织与性能的影响

针对T6态Al-10Zn-2.5Mg-1.6Cu铝合金板材，研究了添加质量分数分别为0，0.046%，0.098%，0.151%，0.185%的Zr，铝板中合金相粒子和晶粒的组态以及板材的力学性能.结果表明，Zr含量增加对铝板中微米级T相和Al₇Cu₂Fe相粒子无明显影响，合金中未形成含Zr的结晶相，但纳米级Al₃Zr弥散相粒子数量逐渐增多.添加质量分数为0.046% Zr可细化T6态铝板等轴状Cube取向晶粒；Zr质量分数超过0.098%能抑制铝板再结晶形核，板材晶粒为纤维状，取向以Brass，S，R和Copper为主，且其体积分数随Zr含量增加而逐渐增大.Zr含量增加，T6态铝板的强度逐渐增大，而延伸率先增大后略有减小.Zr质量分数为0.151%的T6态Al-10Zn-2.5Mg-1.6Cu铝合金板材性能最佳，其抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率分别为706，645MPa和10.3%.     

Al对Mg-1%Cu合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析仪、电子万能试验机等手段研究不同Al质量分数(1%、3%、5%)对Mg-1%Cu合金显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:随着Al质量分数的增加,合金晶粒尺寸呈不断减小的趋势,并由块状组织转变为枝晶组织;合金抗拉强度随着Al质量分数的增加而逐渐增加,当Al质量分数为5%时,抗拉强度为207MPa;合金延伸率随着Al质量分数的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势,当Al质量分数为3%时,延伸率最大,为13.59%.     

退火工艺对Mg-4Zn-1.5RE合金显微组织的影响

介绍了Mg-4Zn-1.5RE合金。实验利用小型轧机对挤压态Mg-4Zn-1.5RE合金进行多道次轧制,研究了轧制后合金板材经不同的退火工艺处理后其显微组织随退火温度和退火时间的变化情况,观察了合金中的第二相的TEM形貌并进行能谱分析。结果表明,该镁合金在常温下可进行多道次轧制,但每两道次之间进行300℃×30 min的退火处理,总变形量可达到60%;轧制后的板材经再次退火后发生再结晶,合金中第二相为含有稀土元素的W相。     

Mg-（6～8）Al—0．7Si合金的组织和力学性能分析

通过金相观察、扫描电镜、X衍射分析和拉伸实验等方法，研究了Mg-（6～8）Al-0．7Si合金的铸态组织和力学性能．研究结果表明：添加了少量Sb和RE的Mg-（6～8）Al-0．7%Si的铸态组织主要由α—Mg基体、Mg17Al12相、Mg2Si相、Mg3Sb2相和少量针状Al4Si2Mn2Y相组成，并且随着Al含量的增加，试验合金组织中的Mg17Al12相增多，共晶析出物变得更加连续．同时，力学性能的测试结果表明：Al含量变化对于试验合金抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率的影响呈现出不同的变化规律．     

Zr含量对医用Mg-5.5Zn-0.15Ca合金组织和性能的影响

在专用熔剂覆盖和氩气保护下制备Mg-5.5Zn-0.15Ca、Mg-5.5Zn-0.15Ca-0.5Zr、Mg-5.5ZnCa-0.6Zr、Mg5.5Zn-0.15Ca-0.7Zr、Mg-5.5Zn-0.15Ca-0.8Zr镁合金.采用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、室温力学测试设备对合金的显微组织与力学性能进行分析,研究Zr元素对热处理前后合金晶粒大小及铸态力学性能的影响.显微组织观察表明:Zr能显著地细化Mg-5.5Zn-0.15Ca合金的晶粒,随Zr元素含量的增加,合金的抗拉强度和伸长率均得到较大提高.     

Effects of Ce-rich RE on microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-8Li-3Al-2Zn-0.5Nd alloy with duplex structure

The effects of Ce-rich RE on the microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-8Li-3Al-2Zn-0.5Nd-x RE(x = 0, 1, 2, 3 wt%) alloys were investigated. The results indicated that the as-cast Mg-8Li-3Al-2Zn-0.5Nd alloy mainly consisted of α-Mg, β-Li, AlLi, MgLi2 Al and Al2 Nd phases. With the addition of Ce-rich RE in the alloy,Al3 RE and Al2 RE phases generated and gradually grew into net-like or block-like structure. With the addition of RE, Al-RE phases generated by consuming Al element and, thus, less Al element was dissolved in the matrix and less AlLi phase formed. Furthermore, less AlLi phase means that more Li element released to cause the increase ofβ-Li phase and refine the α-Mg phase. Under the influence of these factors, adding more RE led to higher elongation and lower tensile strength and hardness. With the addition of Ce-rich RE, the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the as-cast Mg-8Li-3Al-2Zn-0.5Nd alloy gradually decreased from 180 to 152 MPa and from 215 to 193 MPa, respectively, while the elongation was remarkably improved from 21.1% to 40.2%.     

Effect of annealing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-2.5Zn-0.5Y alloy

The microstructure and mechanical properties of extruded Mg-2.5Zn-0.5Y alloy before and after annealing treatments were investigated. The as-extruded alloy exhibits a yield tensile strength (YTS) of 305.9 MPa and an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 354.8 MPa, whereas the elongation is only 4%. After annealing, the YTS and UTS decrease to 150 MPa and 240 MPa, respectively, and the elongation increases to 28%. Interestingly, the annealed alloy maintains an acceptable stress level even after a much higher ductility is achieved. These excellent mechanical properties stem from the combined effects of fine α-Mg dynamic recrystallization (DRX) grains and a homogeneously distributed icosahedral quasicrystalline phase (I-phase) in the α-Mg DRX grains. In particular, the superior ductility originates from the coherent interface of I-phase and α-Mg and from the formation of the secondary twin {1011}–{1012}(38°<1210>) in the tension twin {1012}.     

Effects of P addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–5%Sn–1.25%Si alloy

The effects of Al-P addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg–5%Sn–1.25%Si magnesium alloy were investigated. The results show that the phases of the as-cast alloy are composed of α-Mg, Mg2 Sn, Mg2 Si, little P, and AlP. The Chinese character shape Mg2 Si phase changes into a granular morphology by P addition because AlP can act as a heterogeneous nucleation core for the Mg2 Si phase. When 0.225wt% of Al–3.5%P alloy is added, the mechanical properties of the Mg–5%Sn–1.25%Si alloy are greatly improved, and the tensile strength increases from 156 to 191 MPa, an increase of 22.4% compared to the alloy without P addition. When the amount of Al–3.5%P reaches 0.300wt%, a segregation phenomenon occurs in the granular Mg2 Si phase, and the tensile strength and hardness decrease though the elongation increases.     

Al-8.0Zn-2.0Mg-l.6Cu铝合金的淬透性

通过末端淬火、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X线衍射仪(XRD)、光学显微镜(OM)和硬度等分析测试方法研究Al-8.0Zn-2.0Mg-1.6Cu铝合金的淬透性及淬火冷却过程中的微观组织演变.研究结果表明:随着冷却速度的降低,试样的硬度显著下降,其淬透深度约为40 mm,临界冷却速度约为3.8℃/s;淬火冷却过程中平衡态MgZn2(η)相析出是影响该合金淬透性的主要因素,其析出温度区间为438～215℃;平衡态MgZn2相在淬火冷却时先后经历晶界与晶粒内部2个过程的析出,析出峰值温度分别为387℃和342℃.     

Effects of Sn addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg- Zn-Al alloys

The effects of Sn addition(0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3 wt%) on microstructure of Mg-4Zn-1.5Al alloy in cast and extruded states were investigated, and the mechanical properties of as-extruded Mg-4Zn-1.5Al-xSn studied. The experimental results showed that the as-cast Mg-4Zn-1.5Al alloy was composed of two phases α-Mg and Mg_(32)(Al, Zn)_(49), while Sn-containing alloys consisted of α-Mg, Mg_(32)(Al, Zn)_(49) and Mg_2Sn phases, and Mg_(32)(Al, Zn)_(49) was not detected after extruding due to that the most of them dissolved into the matrix during the homogenized treatment. The addition of Sn refined the grains of as-cast and as-extruded Mg-Zn-Al alloys obviously. It was noted that the basal texture intensity reduced with increasing Sn content significantly in as-extruded Mg-Zn-Al alloys. The tensile tests results indicated that Sn addition improve the tensile strength of the extruded alloys,while it had a harmful effect on the ductility. When the addition of Sn was 2 wt%, the ultimate tensile strength(UTS), yield strength(YS) and elongation(ε_f) of the alloy were 280 MPa, 147 MPa and 17.4%, respectively.     

复合添加Nd与B对AZ91镁合金组织和力学性能的影响

研究了复合添加Nd和B对AZ91镁合金的微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,复合添加B和Nd明显细化了α-Mg和β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂相。晶粒细化主要源自于AlB₂相作为α-Mg的异质形核衬底,添加的Nd细化了β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂相。扫描电镜分析表明,Al₂Nd和Mg₁₂Nd主要分布在晶界上,并且对合金力学性能起到了重要的促进作用。由于晶粒细化及热稳定相Al₂Nd和Mg₁₂Nd的存在,AZ91镁合金的常温力学性能得到大大改善。     

Zr添加量对Mg-6Zn镁合金组织的影响

采用光学显微镜及万能力学拉伸试验机研究Zr质量分数(0.3%,0.6%,0.9%)对Mg-6Zn合金铸态、热处理后显微组织及力学性能的影响.研究结果表明:加入Zr元素后,合金的组织由树枝状转为颗粒状并分布于晶界,Zr质量分数增加到0.9%时,晶粒边界出现组织富集,质量分数为0.6%时合金则分布均匀.铸态及热处理条件下,合金的抗拉强度均呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势,含Zr质量分数0.6%时,合金的力学性能最高,铸态拉伸强度达到249 MPa,热处理后则为274 MPa.采用等温热处理法研究合金非枝晶组织随保温温度及保温时间的变化规律,保温温度620℃,保温时间30min时,含Zr质量分数0.6%的合金非枝晶组织圆整、细小.