咪唑啉型两性表面活性剂的研究 Ⅰ.烷基咪唑啉的合成及其环在水介质中的稳定性

以不同的高级脂肪酸和Ｎ－（β－羟乙基）一乙二胺（ＨＥＥＤ）为原料合成了八 种烷基咪唑啉中间体。通过ＩＲ，ＭＳ等手段鉴定了这些中间体的结构，讨论了反 应条件对烷基咪唑啉收率的影响。定量研究了烷基咪唑啉环在水介质中的稳定性， 证明环的稳定性与介质的ｐＨ值及放置时间有关。探讨了水解开环反应的机理。     

烷基嘛唑啉阳离子表面活性剂的催化合成研究

研究了烷基咪唑啉阳离子表面活性剂的新的催化合成法，优化了工艺条件，选用复合固体酸催化剂可使反应时间大大缩短，烷基咪唑啉产率９０％￣９５％。     

N-苯甲酰咪唑啉酮的合成

介绍了一种拟除虫菊酯中间体——N-苯甲酰咪唑啉酮的合成,它可通过苯甲酸酰基化后再与咪唑啉酮进行取代反应制得,通过实验选择了最佳合成条件并对产物结构进行了分析.     

咪唑啉缓蚀剂合成过程中成环程度与其性能的关系

以油酸、二乙烯三胺为原料在160 ℃经不同反应时间合成了系列咪唑啉,应用红外光谱、紫外分光光度法对合成产物进行了鉴定和分析,测定了不同反应时间的产水率和产物的酸值,并通过极化曲线考察了产物的缓蚀性能.结果表明:咪唑啉合成过程中,烷基酰胺的生成和烷基酰胺的环化是同时进行的;反应时间越长,烷基酰胺环化程度越高,产物的缓蚀性能越好;通过比较添加缓蚀剂前后A3钢的极化曲线可以看出,添加缓蚀剂后自腐蚀电位正移,说明咪唑啉主要抑制阳极过程而起到缓蚀作用,属于阳极型缓蚀剂.     

双阳离子表面活性剂DC—12的新合成法

提出了经咪唑啉中间体制备双阳离子表面活性剂ＤＣ－１２的一种新合成方法，并对咪唑啉还开环反应及ＤＣ－１２的其合成路线进行了讨论。     

双阳离子表面活性剂DC－12的新合成法

提出了经咪唑啉中间体制备双阳离子表面活性剂ＤＣ－１２的一种新合成方法，并对咪唑啉还原开环反应及ＤＣ－１２的其他合成路线进行了讨论。     

苯甲酸与乙二胺反应的研究

在不同条件下考察了苯甲酸与乙二胺的反应 ,对反应产物、主要副产物及反应中间体进行了分离和鉴定 ,通过熔点测定、元素分析和红外光谱分析 ,确定了产物为 2 -苯基咪唑啉 ,主要副产物为二苯甲酰乙二胺 ,中间体之一为乙二胺与苯甲酸形成的双盐 .试验发现在不同溶剂中反应的产物和副产物的比例 ,产物纯度相差很大 .对反应机理及溶剂效应进行了讨论 .     

两性咪唑啉的合成及其缓蚀性能研究

以高纯环烷酸与二乙烯三胺反应合成了中间体咪唑啉,再以去离子水为溶剂,用氯乙酸钠对该中间体进行两性化,制得了水溶性两性咪唑啉缓蚀剂.探讨了反应物配比、反应温度、pH等因素对产物的影响,得出最佳的合成条件为:n(咪唑啉):n(氯乙酸钠)=1:4,90 ℃-95 ℃,pH8-10.在浓缩倍数k=1.5的循环冷却水中用旋转挂片失重法得出:两性咪唑啉用量为20 mg/L时对碳钢的缓蚀率达到97.28%;与HEDP复配后总剂量为20 mg/L时缓蚀率达到99.04%.在模拟油田水中用静态挂片失重法得出:两性咪唑啉与HEDP复配,用量分别为100 mg/L和20 mg/L时,缓蚀率达到91.01%.表9,参7.     

新型水溶性咪唑啉缓蚀剂的制备及性能研究

以妥尔油酸分别与二乙烯三胺合成妥尔油咪唑啉缓蚀剂,再用氯化苄改性制得咪唑啉衍生物(TOID)。本文采用红外及紫外对测定咪唑啉中间体及TOID的结构;通过静态失重法、旋转挂片失重法及电化学方法考察TOID在1000 mg/L HCl+200 mg/L H2S介质中的缓蚀性能,并用扫描电镜观察试片的腐蚀形貌。实验结果表明:TODI浓度为50 mg/L,腐蚀温度为80℃,缓蚀时间为6 h,搅拌速度为45r/min时,TODI的缓蚀率达到95.96%。     

苯甲酸与乙二胺反应的研究

在不同条件下考察了苯甲酸与乙二胺的反应，对反应产物，主要副产物及反应中的间体进行了分离和鉴定，通过熔点测定，无素分析和红外光谱分析，确定了产物为２－苯基咪唑啉，主要副产物为二苯甲酰乙二胺，中间体之一为乙二胺与苯甲酸形成的双盐，试验发现在不同溶剂中反应的产物和副产物的比例，产物纯度相差很大，对反应机理及溶剂效应进行了讨论。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with