咪唑啉型两性表面活性剂的研究 Ⅰ.烷基咪唑啉的合成及其环在水介质中的稳定性

以不同的高级脂肪酸和Ｎ－（β－羟乙基）一乙二胺（ＨＥＥＤ）为原料合成了八 种烷基咪唑啉中间体。通过ＩＲ，ＭＳ等手段鉴定了这些中间体的结构，讨论了反 应条件对烷基咪唑啉收率的影响。定量研究了烷基咪唑啉环在水介质中的稳定性， 证明环的稳定性与介质的ｐＨ值及放置时间有关。探讨了水解开环反应的机理。     

烷基嘛唑啉阳离子表面活性剂的催化合成研究

研究了烷基咪唑啉阳离子表面活性剂的新的催化合成法，优化了工艺条件，选用复合固体酸催化剂可使反应时间大大缩短，烷基咪唑啉产率９０％￣９５％。     

N-苯甲酰咪唑啉酮的合成

介绍了一种拟除虫菊酯中间体——N-苯甲酰咪唑啉酮的合成,它可通过苯甲酸酰基化后再与咪唑啉酮进行取代反应制得,通过实验选择了最佳合成条件并对产物结构进行了分析.     

咪唑啉缓蚀剂合成过程中成环程度与其性能的关系

以油酸、二乙烯三胺为原料在160 ℃经不同反应时间合成了系列咪唑啉,应用红外光谱、紫外分光光度法对合成产物进行了鉴定和分析,测定了不同反应时间的产水率和产物的酸值,并通过极化曲线考察了产物的缓蚀性能.结果表明:咪唑啉合成过程中,烷基酰胺的生成和烷基酰胺的环化是同时进行的;反应时间越长,烷基酰胺环化程度越高,产物的缓蚀性能越好;通过比较添加缓蚀剂前后A3钢的极化曲线可以看出,添加缓蚀剂后自腐蚀电位正移,说明咪唑啉主要抑制阳极过程而起到缓蚀作用,属于阳极型缓蚀剂.     

双阳离子表面活性剂DC—12的新合成法

提出了经咪唑啉中间体制备双阳离子表面活性剂ＤＣ－１２的一种新合成方法，并对咪唑啉还开环反应及ＤＣ－１２的其合成路线进行了讨论。     

双阳离子表面活性剂DC－12的新合成法

提出了经咪唑啉中间体制备双阳离子表面活性剂ＤＣ－１２的一种新合成方法，并对咪唑啉还原开环反应及ＤＣ－１２的其他合成路线进行了讨论。     

苯甲酸与乙二胺反应的研究

在不同条件下考察了苯甲酸与乙二胺的反应 ,对反应产物、主要副产物及反应中间体进行了分离和鉴定 ,通过熔点测定、元素分析和红外光谱分析 ,确定了产物为 2 -苯基咪唑啉 ,主要副产物为二苯甲酰乙二胺 ,中间体之一为乙二胺与苯甲酸形成的双盐 .试验发现在不同溶剂中反应的产物和副产物的比例 ,产物纯度相差很大 .对反应机理及溶剂效应进行了讨论 .     

两性咪唑啉的合成及其缓蚀性能研究

以高纯环烷酸与二乙烯三胺反应合成了中间体咪唑啉,再以去离子水为溶剂,用氯乙酸钠对该中间体进行两性化,制得了水溶性两性咪唑啉缓蚀剂.探讨了反应物配比、反应温度、pH等因素对产物的影响,得出最佳的合成条件为:n(咪唑啉):n(氯乙酸钠)=1:4,90 ℃-95 ℃,pH8-10.在浓缩倍数k=1.5的循环冷却水中用旋转挂片失重法得出:两性咪唑啉用量为20 mg/L时对碳钢的缓蚀率达到97.28%;与HEDP复配后总剂量为20 mg/L时缓蚀率达到99.04%.在模拟油田水中用静态挂片失重法得出:两性咪唑啉与HEDP复配,用量分别为100 mg/L和20 mg/L时,缓蚀率达到91.01%.表9,参7.     

新型水溶性咪唑啉缓蚀剂的制备及性能研究

以妥尔油酸分别与二乙烯三胺合成妥尔油咪唑啉缓蚀剂,再用氯化苄改性制得咪唑啉衍生物(TOID)。本文采用红外及紫外对测定咪唑啉中间体及TOID的结构;通过静态失重法、旋转挂片失重法及电化学方法考察TOID在1000 mg/L HCl+200 mg/L H2S介质中的缓蚀性能,并用扫描电镜观察试片的腐蚀形貌。实验结果表明:TODI浓度为50 mg/L,腐蚀温度为80℃,缓蚀时间为6 h,搅拌速度为45r/min时,TODI的缓蚀率达到95.96%。     

苯甲酸与乙二胺反应的研究

在不同条件下考察了苯甲酸与乙二胺的反应，对反应产物，主要副产物及反应中的间体进行了分离和鉴定，通过熔点测定，无素分析和红外光谱分析，确定了产物为２－苯基咪唑啉，主要副产物为二苯甲酰乙二胺，中间体之一为乙二胺与苯甲酸形成的双盐，试验发现在不同溶剂中反应的产物和副产物的比例，产物纯度相差很大，对反应机理及溶剂效应进行了讨论。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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