缔合程度对疏水缔合聚合物增黏性和抗剪切性影响研究

渤海油田具有原油黏度高、储层厚度大、平均渗透率高和非均质性严重等特点,水驱采收率低。疏水聚合物驱广泛用于海上油田的"稳油控水"。为了进一步探索疏水缔合聚合物增黏机理,针对渤海油田储层特征和流体性质,开展疏水缔合聚合物缔合行为及其影响因素研究。结果表明,β-环糊精可以包裹疏水缔合聚合物分子链上疏水基团,调节聚合物分子链上疏水基团间的缔合程度,进而降低聚合物分子线团尺寸和溶液黏度。与缔合黏度相比较,岩心孔隙剪切作用对本体黏度影响较小。岩心孔隙对疏水缔合聚合物溶液具有较强的剪切作用,造成黏度保留率大幅度降低,并且聚合物浓度愈高,黏度保留率愈小。     

裂缝性致密油藏水驱动态渗吸特征实验研究——以鄂尔多斯盆地富县地区长8储层为例

以鄂尔多斯盆地富县地区长8致密砂岩样品为研究对象,在岩心润湿性与孔隙微观结构剖析的基础上,研究了渗透率与水驱速度对裂缝性致密岩心样品动态渗吸采出程度的影响规律。实验结果表明:长8岩心属弱亲水砂岩,不同渗透率样品的孔隙尺寸分布范围(亚微米-微米级)属同一量级,峰值尺寸差异不大,但岩心渗透率越高,三维孔喉连通性越强;水驱速度相同时,受岩石孔隙连通性的影响,裂缝性岩心动态渗吸采出程度与基质渗透率正相关;水驱速度不同时,基质渗透率越高,裂缝系统内黏滞阻力越高,对应的最优水驱速度越高;对于裂缝性致密砂岩油藏而言,应选择合理的水驱速度,裂缝系统内水驱速度过快时,将抑制基质系统的逆向渗吸作用,从而大大降低动态渗吸采出程度,使得注入水无效、低效循环。     

低渗透储层原油吸附对渗流的影响

通过静态吸附实验和岩心流动实验研究了大庆低渗透储层原油在岩石表面吸附的机理及其对油水渗流的影响。实验表明,原油中沥青质和非烃组分可以被岩石表面吸附,形成吸附层。吸附层的存在减小了岩心的孔隙半径,增大了油水流动阻力。粘度相同的含有沥青质的模拟原油与精制油在相同实验条件下,流动曲线差别较大。在原油/岩石体系中,原油在岩石孔隙表面的吸附层厚度将达到孔隙半径的30%以上,在原油/地层水/岩石体系中,油膜厚度与孔隙半径的比值随着渗透率的降低而增大,特低渗透岩心中吸附层厚度可达到孔隙半径的10%,一定程度上降低了油相和水单相渗透率。     

基于低场核磁共振技术的致密砂岩气藏防水锁作用机理研究

致密砂岩气藏孔隙度、渗透率较低,微观孔喉尺度细小,在生产及压裂过程中极易产生水锁伤害。为开展致密储层防水锁作用机理研究,本文将常规岩心自吸实验、防水锁剂抑制水锁伤害实验与低场核磁共振技术相结合,从微观角度揭示致密砂岩储层微纳米级孔喉中的防水锁作用机理,为致密砂岩气藏防水锁相关研究提供理论依据。研究结果显示,加入防水锁添加剂后,流体表面张力下降,接触角增大,自吸速率变慢,渗透率有一定程度恢复;在此基础上,通过核磁共振T2谱从微观角度评价缓慢自吸阶段液体在不同孔喉尺度范围内的液相水锁滞留现象,其中加入防水锁添加剂后在自吸20h时在较小孔喉处自吸液相平均占比为38.61%,整体孔喉平均液相占比为35.79%。而在未加入防水锁试剂的样品中在自吸20h时在较小孔喉处液相占比为67.48%,整体孔喉占比为54.52%;通过防水锁剂抑制水锁伤害实验得出,加入防水锁剂后渗透率恢复程度在15.38%～20.19%,整体液相滞留占比平均下降幅度在10.73%。研究发现防水锁剂有效地降低了较小孔候处液相滞留占比,降低流体表面张力以及增大岩心疏水性能,揭示了致密砂岩气藏防水锁作用机理,为致密砂岩气藏降低水锁伤害程度、提高返排效率,为实现高效开发提供理论支撑。     

一种利用毛管压力确定致密储层岩石润湿性的方法

致密砂岩储层孔隙尺度微小,孔隙结构复杂,毛管效应明显,为明确该类储层岩石润湿性,本文提出一种利用毛管压力确定岩心润湿性的方法。首先,通过压汞实验明确致密砂岩储层孔隙结构特征,明确孔隙结构参数与毛管压力关系,确定毛管压力主要影响因素;其次,开展动态毛管压力测定实验,建立毛管压力和喉道半径关系;最后,开展不同渗透率岩心油驱水和水驱油实验,确定岩石润湿性。研究结果表明：致密砂岩储层喉道半径呈对数正态分布,其分布参数与渗透率的相关性很好,喉道半径是渗流能力的主控因素;当渗透率大于10×10-3μm2时,毛管压力的动态效应影响较弱,当渗透率小于1×10-3μm2时,毛管压力的动态效应明显;通过测定岩心两端的压差,可以利用毛管压力能够确定岩石润湿性,结果准确,与接触角法与吸入法结果相同,验证了该方法的准确性。     

数字岩心技术在致密储层微观渗流特征研究中的应用

为了直观、准确地刻画致密储集层的微观渗流特征,选取具有代表性储层样品,利用多尺度X-CT扫描成像技术建立不同级别的三维数字岩心,应用最大球算法与孔喉尺寸校正方法,提取并建立致密储层纳米级数字岩心孔隙网络模型,最后实现利用三维孔隙网络模型模拟储层物性参数、进汞曲线以及孔、喉分布曲线、两相渗流特征曲线并与室内常规实验结果进行平行对比。结果表明:利用数字岩心技术模拟得到的孔隙度、渗透率参数与实际测量结果相差较小;模拟得到的进汞曲线、孔喉分布曲线与室内压汞实验的曲线具有较高的一致性,表明提取的孔隙网络模型与真实岩心误差较小,从而可以保证数字岩心得到的两相渗流模拟结果具有较高的可信度。     

特低渗透储层岩石渗透率应力敏感新机制

 地层岩石多孔介质的渗透率应力敏感性一直是石油工业与岩土工程建设等领域持续研究的一个热点课题.在低渗透岩石渗透率应力敏感性实验研究的基础上,提出了毛管束-孔隙网络渗流模型的多孔介质渗透率应力敏感新机制,该模型充分考虑了多孔介质孔隙之间相互连通的复杂性、渗流迂曲度以及不同类型和大小的孔隙对多孔介质渗透率贡献率的差异.有效应力作用下,低渗岩石中作为主要渗流通道的较大孔喉首先被压缩变小,流体渗流阻力和孔隙迂曲度均同时增大,这是导致有效应力加载初期岩石渗透率急剧减小的主要原因.同时渗透率越小的岩心,其中所发育的较大孔喉越少,该部分孔喉闭合后对岩心渗透率的影响越大,因此渗透率越小的岩石应力敏感性越强.与相关学者的研究成果对比表明,本文提出的新模型能够更好地解释低渗透岩石应力敏感性较强的内在原因.     

CO2驱中岩石性质变化

 CO₂驱作为一种成熟而且具有广阔应用前景的提高原油采收率(EOR)技术,越来越受到各国重视。CO₂驱中,CO₂溶解于地层水后与岩石产生反应,改变岩石的孔隙结构、润湿性等。为确定CO₂驱后岩石的孔隙结构、润湿性的变化规律,本文针对大庆F油层实际情况,在模拟油藏条件下,通过实验方法对天然岩心展开CO₂驱中岩石性质变化的室内研究。结果表明,注入的CO₂改变岩石的孔隙结构、渗透率以及润湿性等。随着CO₂与岩石接触时间增加,岩石中小孔隙及大孔隙所占比例增加,中等孔隙所占比例减小,渗透率逐渐增大,亲水性逐渐变强。这是由于CO₂溶于水后显酸性,与岩石孔隙表面的矿物成分发生反应,改变了岩石孔隙表面矿物组成和岩石的孔隙结构。     

苏里格气田东区致密砂岩气藏孔渗特征的实验研究

综合应用铸体薄片、扫描电镜、压汞测试等分析化验资料,对苏里格气田东区盒8段致密砂岩储层的微观孔隙特征进行了详细的研究。研究结果表明,沉积作用和成岩作用的双重影响使盒8段储层孔隙结构异常复杂,粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔、晶间孔等次生孔隙构成了本区的主要储集空间。致密砂岩储层岩心的孔喉中值半径与渗透率的相关程度明显低于主流喉道半径与渗透率的相关程度,说明主流喉道半径对渗透率起主要的控制作用,主流喉道半径0.7~1.8μm。大喉道对高渗透率岩心的渗透率贡献大,而小喉道对特低渗透率岩心的渗透率贡献大,从而导致致密砂岩储层渗流阻力大,开发难度增加。     

低渗透油藏RPM控水压裂液性能评价与应用

以阴、阳离子聚电解质为原料,应用溶液共混法制备了RPM(Relative Permeability Modifiers)控水压裂液,评价了RPM溶液吸附、抗剪切及耐冲刷性能,并以油水相对渗透率为指标考察了RPM压裂液控水效果并分析其控水机理。考虑RPM吸附、滤失等因素,建立了低渗油藏RPM压裂液性能及注入参数优化模型。以长庆油田一口油井为例,综合考虑作业成本、产油量与含水率等因素,应用正交设计与数值模拟方法优化RPM控水压裂液的油水残余阻力系数比、滤失深度比及注入体积并进行了敏感性分析。结果表明:RPM控水压裂液具有良好的抗剪切耐冲刷性能,通过物理化学吸附改变了岩石孔隙或微裂缝中油水渗流特性,尤其在高含水饱和度阶段可降低水相相对渗透率80%以上;RPM控水压裂液的油水残余阻力系数比、滤失深度比以及注入体积分别在2~6、0.3~0.6与20~30 m3范围内控水稳油效果明显;选择油水残余阻力系数比为5.0、滤失深度比为0.6的RPM控水压裂液在长庆油田高含水储层先导试验4井次,单井平均增油4.64t/d,含水率平均下降58.51%。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~