若尔盖湿地鸟类考察

若尔盖,你是鸟类天堂吗?阳光柔情地荡漾在水面,看水鸟蹁跹呼朋引伴;蔚蓝的天空圣洁高远,任猛禽临风展翅翱翔;葱翠中闪过一抹棕黄、一抹深褐,又是哪只鹛儿、雀儿在枝头婉转传情……这里孕育着万千生灵,沉淀着彩虹之梦,鲁莽的人啊,请别将它惊醒. 若尔盖湿地坐落于青藏高原西北隅,是我国最大的高寒泥炭湿地.地貌类型主要为低山、丘陵、河谷与阶地,地貌特征表现为低山丘陵,丘顶浑圆、丘坡平缓,谷地平坦开阔,阶地面起伏小,各类湖泊、碟型洼地不计其数,为湿地发育提供了十分有利的条件.     

中国若尔盖高原湿地的生态补偿基线研究

本文选择我国甘肃尕海—则岔、甘肃黄河首曲和四川若尔盖3处国家级自然保护区作为若尔盖高原湿地研究区,构建委托-代理框架探究影响牧民保护湿地积极性的因素,运用耦合群落调查法和遥感解译法完成了若尔盖高原湿地边界的遥感制图,旨在研究我国若尔盖高原湿地的生态补偿基线.结果表明:研究区高原湿地面积约为1 463km2,其生态系统服务价值为274.29亿元,湿地生态补偿标准应以每亩110元为下限,1.25万元为上限,实施过程中综合考虑牧民年均收入、其他保护相关成本等因素.     

基于Z指数的若尔盖湿地干湿变化研究

若尔盖湿地位于青藏高原的东部边缘,是世界上海拔最高的泥炭湿地沼泽.但随着全球气候变化,若尔盖湿地正面临着严重的环境和生态危机.本文利用若尔盖湿地4站近30年(1982～2011年)的春季(3～5月)月降水数据,计算并分析了该区域的气候干湿变化情况.利用能较好反映区域气候干湿变化的指标Z指数,研究和讨论了若尔盖湿地区域近30年来干湿状态的变化的基本特点.近30年内,湿地北部的若尔盖和玛曲两站干湿变化趋势较小,但出现了旱涝发生频率增加并且严重旱涝事件增多的现象;而位于湿地南部的红原和松潘两站,则表现出了较为显著的变湿润的趋势.     

青藏高原高寒湿地生态系统演变、修复与保护

 探讨了青藏高原高寒湿地的动态变化及演变趋势，分析了湿地面积变化、生态系统结构与功能退化现状与原因。分析表明，国家近20年来在青藏高原实施的生态保护、修复及生态工程项目取得了一定的成效，但高寒湿地生态系统的退化形势依然严峻。生态保护和修复是一项系统、长期的工作，今后要加强生态修复技术研发项目与工程类项目的衔接，建立长效管理机制，提高退化湿地的自然恢复能力。同时，要构建适于青藏高原高寒湿地保护效应的评价模型和指标体系，完善重大工程项目的系统监测与评价。在黄河、长江上游源区布局高寒湿地生态系统的长期监测，将与三江源区同样重要的黄河首曲湿地、若尔盖湿地纳入国家公园管理体系，统筹规划，建立健全科技服务平台和信息共享机制。     

基于Z指数的若尔盖湿地干湿变化研究

若尔盖湿地位于青藏高原的东部边缘，是世界上海拔最高的泥炭湿地沼泽。但随着全球气候变化，若尔盖湿地正面临着严重的环境和生态危机。本文利用若尔盖湿地4站近30年（1982-2011年）的春季（3-5月）月降水数据，计算并分析了该区域的气候干湿变化情况。利用能较好反映区域气候干湿变化的指标z指数，研究和讨论了若尔盖湿地区域近...     

若尔盖湿地水源涵养时空变化及影响因素

若尔盖湿地是黄河重要的水源涵养地。研究若尔盖湿地水源涵养量时空变化特征,提出水源涵养率指标并用于分析水源涵养能力变化,对于丰富生态系统水源涵养评估研究、科学布局若尔盖湿地生态保护和建设工程具有重要意义。选取四川省若尔盖湿地为研究区,利用SWAT构建了涵盖研究区的流域分布式水文模型,计算分析了1971~2016年湿地水源涵养量及其时空变化特征,基于水源涵养率指标分析了若尔盖湿地水源涵养能力及其变化,并探讨了其影响因素。结果表明：（1）若尔盖湿地年水源涵养量为121.4~348.1mm,20世纪90年代开始明显减少,黑河流域减少尤为显著;（2）水源涵养率总体呈减小趋势,年均水源涵养率由1971~1995年的0.34减小到1996~2016年的0.30,90年代中期以来若尔盖湿地水源涵养能力明显下降;（3）潜在蒸散发量增加、主要水源涵养植被土地面积减小等气候变化和土地利用变化是若尔盖湿地水源涵养量减小及功能降低的重要影响因素。     

基于模糊综合评价的若尔盖湿地生态安全评价

若尔盖湿地是黄河上游重要的水源涵养区,近年来,由于全球气候变化和人类不合理的开发活动导致若尔盖湿地生态退化趋势显著,威胁区域和流域生态安全。笔者在若尔盖湿地生态安全影响机制解析的基础上,围绕若尔盖湿地生态系统的结构、功能及其外界胁迫作用建立了生态安全评价指标体系。运用模糊综合评价方法,借助遥感与GIS技术,对1989年、2000年和2007年若尔盖湿地生态安全状况进行了评价,结果表明:若尔盖湿地生态安全水平呈现明显下降趋势,3个时期的生态安全指数分别为0.514、0.423和0.373,2007年生态安全水平进入较差等级。分析认为,人类活动影响对若尔盖湿地生态安全状况动态变化具有重要作用,需控制人类活动强度以维护若尔盖湿地生态安全。     

洪泽湖湿地自然保护区生态环境质量综合评价及保护研究

洪泽湖湿地自然保护区是江苏省最大的淡水湿地自然保护区,实地考察和综合评价结果表明,其生态质量为生态质量较好级别,但面临湿地生物多样性受到威胁、面积萎缩、生境恶化和管理混乱等问题,应积极采取相关保护和开发利用措施,实现洪泽湖湿地的健康可持续发展.     

湿地保护现状及对策刍议——以吉林省湿地保护为例

湿地是自然界生物多样性丰富的生态系统和生态景观,在维护生物多样性和保护环境方面具有极其重要的作用.湿地因人类活动的过度干预,面积急剧减少,功能日益退化.以吉林省湿地保护中所面临的问题,探讨了引起这些问题的可能原因,并为吉林省的湿地保护提出一些参考性建议.     

论营造高原过水湖泊--新若尔盖湖

为了有效配合并满足“南水北调”西线工程在若尔盖湿地黄河段的过水要求,为开辟黄河南干流形成合理的源区布局,应当营造高原过水性湖泊——新若尔盖湖.面对若尔盖沼泽湿地严重沙化和退化的现实,主动造湖不失为一项保护和完善若尔盖湿地的生态工程,借此可形成一个以新若尔盖湖为中心的国际湿地生态旅游风景区.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with